Кіріспе
Кейс рөлдері, Чарльз Филлмордың (1967) еңбегіне сәйкес, зат есім тіркестері құрайтын синтаксистік құрылымдарға қатысты зат есім тіркестерінің семантикалық рөлдері болып табылады. Кейс рөлі термині морфосинтаксистен тәуелсіз бола алатын тета рөлдері мен тақырыптық рөлдерді қоса алғанда, таза семантикалық қатынастар үшін кеңінен қолданылады. Кейс рөлдері ұғымы кейс (үлкен C әрпімен) ұғымымен байланысты, ол басқа сөздерге қатысты семантикалық немесе синтаксистік байланысының түріне сәйкес тәуелді есімдерді белгілеу жүйесі ретінде анықталады. Кейс дәстүрлі түрде жалғау арқылы белгіленеді. Зат есімдер мен оларды қамтитын құрылымдар арасындағы қатынастар синтаксистік және семантикалық мәнге ие. Сөйлемдегі формалар арасындағы синтаксистік қатынастар тілдерде әртүрлі болады және грамматиктерге осы зат есімдердің семантикалық мәндерін олардың синтаксистік мәндерін қарастыру арқылы байқауға мүмкіндік береді. Осы семантикалық мәндерді пайдалану белгілі бір тілде кейс рөлдерін қарастыруға негіз болады. Синтаксистік құрылымдарға негізделген кейспен байланысынан басқа, кейс рөлінің бұл семантикалық ұғымдары морфологиялық кейспен де тығыз байланысты.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Кейс рөлі – Сипаттамасы – Мысал
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Пациент – Филлмор осы кейс рөлін «объект» немесе «объектив» деп атайды және оны үш түрлі жолмен сипаттауға болады:
күйінде немесе өзгеріске ұшыраған бірлік
орналасқан немесе қозғалған бірлік
әсер еткен бірлік
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
1. Аспан көк. 2. Арыстан үңгірде. 3. Құс құртты жеді.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Агент – Әрекетті орындайтын немесе күйін өзгертетін тұлға.
Роботтар көлікті жинады.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Құрал – Әрекетті орындау немесе күйді өзгерту құралы.
Ол шыбықты тақтайшамен басты.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Тәжірибелі – Эмоцияны немесе сезімді сезінетін жаратылыс.
Олар музыканы жақсы көреді.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Орналасқан жер – Бір нәрсенің орны, уақыт және кеңістік рөлдерін көрсетеді.
Ваза үстелде тұр.
немесе
Канада күні сейсенбіде.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Көз – Бір нәрсе қозғалатын немесе шығатын нүкте.
Олар үйден жаңалық алды.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Мақсат – Бір нәрсе қозғалатын немесе бағытталатын нүкте.
Ол алтарьға бұрылып, оған қарай жүрді.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Алғыш – Сезімтал мақсат.
Ол жинаушыларға артық ақшасын берді.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Мақсат – Әрекеттің мақсаты.
Ол бірнеше тағам алу үшін «Қызыл әтешке» барды.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Пайдаланушы – Әрекеттің иесі үшін жасалған жанды тұлға.
Ол анасы үшін сауда жасады.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Тәсіл – Әрекеттің қалай орындалғаны немесе күйдің қалай өзгергені.
Ол оны өте шеберлікпен жасады.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Көлем – Әрекеттің орындалған қашықтығы, ауданы немесе уақыты немесе күйдің сақталған уақыты.
Ол қыс бойы созылды.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Иеленуші – Басқа бір нәрсені иеленетін тұлға.
Мен Джонның гольф таяқшаларын көрдім.
Case roles, according to the work by Charles Fillmore (1967), are the semantic roles of noun phrases in relation to the syntactic structures that contain these noun phrases. The term case role is most widely used for purely semantic relations, including theta roles and thematic roles, that can be independent of the morpho syntax. The concept of case roles is related to the larger notion of Case (with a capital letter C) which is defined as a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of semantic or syntactic relationship they bear to their heads. Case traditionally refers to inflectional marking. The relationships between nouns and their containing structures are one of both syntactic and semantic value. The syntactic positional relationships between forms in sentences vary cross linguistically and allows grammarians to observe semantic values in these nouns by examining their syntactic values. Using these semantic values gives the base for considering case roles in a specific language. In addition to its relation to Case (case based on syntactic structures), these semantic notions of case role are closely related to morphological case as well. Case Role Description Example Patient Fillmore refers to this case role as 'object' or 'objective' and can be described in three ways:
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
an entity viewed as existing in a state or undergoing change
an entity viewed as located or moving
an entity viewed as affected by an entity
1. The sky is blue. 2. The lion is in the cave. 3. The bird ate the worm. Agent An entity that performs an activity or brings about a change of state The robots assembled the car. Instrument The means by which an activity or change of state is carried out She squashed the spider with a slipper. Experiencer The creature experiencing an emotion or perception They love music. Location The position of an entity, referring to both the temporal and spatial roles
The vase is on the table. or
Canada Day is on a Tuesday. Source The point from which an entity moves or derives They got news from home. Destination The point to or towards which an entity moves or is oriented He turned to the altar and walked towards it. Recipient A sentient destination She gave her spare change to the collectors. Purpose The purpose of an activity He went to the Red Rooster for some take out. Beneficiary The animate entity on whose behalf an activity is carried out She did the shopping for her mother. Manner The way in which an activity is done or the way in which a change of state takes place He did it with great skill. Extent The distance, area or time over which an activity is carried out or over which a state holds It lasted the winter. Possessor The entity that possesses another entity I saw John's golf clubs.
Істің рөлі туралы пікірталас
Кейс рөлін тілдің жалпыға ортақ ерекшелігі деп санауға бірнеше себептерге байланысты аргументтер келтірілген. Алдыңғы зерттеулерде, көбінесе 20 ғасырдың басында, тілдердегі кейс рөлі латын немесе грек жіктемесі арқылы қарастырылды, бірақ Алеут немесе тай тілі сияқты басқа тілдерге көшу қиындықтары байқалды. Бұл әдістер берілген кейс формаларының семантикалық қатынастарын көрсетуге бағытталды және негізінен синтаксистік тұрғыдан емес, мағыналық тұрғыдан қарастырылды. Латын және грек жіктемелеріндегі кейс рөлі көбінесе номинативті кейсті назардан тыс қалдырып, "Иеленуші датив" сияқты басқа кейстер үшін әртүрлі семантикалық санаттар құруға көбірек назар аударды. Бір тілді стандарт ретінде қолданғанда кейс рөлін салыстыра зерттеу кезінде туындаған мұндай проблемалардың көптігіне байланысты, дәстүрлі латын немесе грек жіктемелерін қолдану жиі кездеспейді. Оның орнына, әрбір тілдің синтаксистік құрылымы сол тілдегі семантикалық мағынаны және кейс рөлін талдаудың негізін құрайды. Сонымен қатар, кейс морфологиясына қатысты мәселелер де әлі де қарастырылуда. Кейс морфологиясын анықтаудың бір жолы – бұл ерекше морфологияның болуы, оның формасы белгілі бір синтаксистік позициямен байланысты. Десямдар бойы жүргізілген зерттеулер мұның атау сөздерге тән тілдер аралық ерекшелік екенін көрсетеді. Кейс белгілері туралы сөз болғанда, олардың синтаксистік орнына қарамастан, семантикалық интерпретациясы жоқ екені жиі айтылады. Кейс туралы алғашқы көзқарас француз тіл білімі Жан Роджер Верньоның кейс грамматикасының барлық тілдердің синтаксисінің орталық бөлігі болып табылатыны және ол тек бай кейс морфологиясы бар тілдерге ғана емес, мысалы, латын тіліне ғана қатысты емес деген ұсынысы болды. Верньо кейс морфологиясын морфологиялық тұрғыдан көрсетуге қабілетті кез келген атау сөз кейс морфологиясын көрсетуге міндетті деп мәлімдеді. Бұл байқау жоғарыда нақты түрде Кейс сүзгісінің анықтамасы ретінде берілген. Кейс туралы екінші көзқарас – Чомскийдің минималистік гипотезалары. Кейс рөліне қатысты көптеген негізгі сұрақтар бар, мысалы, кейс неге болуы керек, оларға әлі толыққанды жауаптар берілмеген. Бұл кейс рөліне қатысты зерттеулер әлі де "дамып келе жатқан жұмыс" екенін көрсетеді.
There have been arguments made for case role to be considered a universal in language, for several reasons. In previous studies, primarily during the early 20th century, where case role in languages was considered using Latin or Greek classification, it was found that there were difficulties in approaching other languages such as Aleut or Thai. These methods involved illustrating semantic relationships of given case forms and did not come from a primarily syntactical standpoint. Case role in Latin and Greek classifications tended to neglect nominative case as well, and instead focused on creating different semantic classes for other cases, such as 'Dative of Possession.' Because there have been several such problems analyzing case role cross linguistically when using one language as a standard, it is not common practice to take traditional Latin or Greek classifications. Instead, the particular languages' syntactic structure forms the base for analyzing semantic value and case role in that language. Also, there are still questions regarding case morphology. One approach to defining case morphology is to say that it is the presence of some special morphology, the shape of which has a correlation with a specific syntactic position. Decades of past research support that this is a particular cross linguistic property specific to nominals. When discussing case features, it is commonly stated that they have no associated semantic interpretation, regardless of their syntactic position. An early perspective taken on case was the initial suggestion by French linguist Jean Roger Vergnaud that the grammar of case is a cross linguistic feature, central to the syntax of all languages and that it does not just apply to languages with a rich case morphology for example, Latin. Vergnaud stipulated that any nominal that is morphologically able to show case morphology is required and must do so. This observation was explicitly stated above as being the definition of Case Filter. A second perspective on Case is Chomsky's Minimalist conjectures. There are many fundamental questions regarding case role, such as the reason why case should even exist, that are not yet accompanied by substantive answers. This indicates that research on case role remains still as a ‘work in progress.’