Латын әріптерінің "О" мен "Е" лигатурасы

Ligature of the Latin letters O and E

Œ (minuscule: œ) is a Latin alphabet grapheme, a ligature of o and e. In medieval and early modern Latin, it was used in borrowings from Greek that originally contained the diphthong οι, and in a few non Greek words. These usages continue in English and French. In French, the words that were borrowed from Latin and contained the Latin diphthong written as œ now generally have é or è; but œ is still used in some non learned French words, representing open mid front rounded vowels, such as œil ("eye") and sœur ("sister"). It is used in the modern orthography for Old West Norse and is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent the open mid front rounded vowel. In English runology, œ ɶ is used to transliterate the Runic letter odal (Old English ēðel "estate, ancestral home"). Its traditional name in English is ethel or œthel (also spelt, ēðel, odal).

Classical Latin wrote the o and e separately (as has today again become the general practice), but the ligature was used by medieval and early modern writings, in part because the diphthongal sound had, by Late Latin, merged into the sound The classical diphthong had the value , similar to (standard) English oi as in choice. It occurs most often in borrowings from Greek, rendering that language's οι (in majuscule ΟΙ), although it is also used in some native words such as coepi "I began".

In French, œ is called e dans l'o , which means e in the o (a mnemotechnic pun used first at school, sounding like (des) œufs dans l'eau, meaning eggs in water) or sometimes o et e collés, (literally o and e glued) and is a true linguistic ligature, not just a typographic one (like the fi or fl ligatures), reflecting etymology. It is most prominent in the words [[wikt:mœurs ("mores"), [[wikt:cœur ("heart"), [[wikt:sœur ("sister"), [[wikt:œuf ("egg"), [[wikt:bœuf ("beef", "steer"), [[wikt:œuvre ("work") and [[wikt:œil ("eye"), in which the digraph œu, like eu, represents the sound (in other cases, like plurals [[wikt:œufs ("eggs") and [[wikt:bœufs ("steers"), it stands for ). French also uses œ in direct borrowings from Latin and Greek. So, "coeliac" in French is [[wikt:cœliaque. In such cases, the œ is classically pronounced , or, sometimes, in modern pronunciation, In some words, like [[wikt:phénix and [[wikt:économique, the etymological œ is changed to a more French é. In French placenames of German origin (mostly in and around Alsace Lorraine, historically Germanic speaking areas that have changed hands between France and Germany (or Prussia before 1871) a number of times), œ replaces German ö and is pronounced Examples include Schœneck (Moselle), Kœtzingue (Haut Rhin), and Hœrdt (Bas Rhin). In all cases, œ is alphabetized as oe, rather than as a separate letter. When oe occurs in French without the ligature, it is pronounced , just like words spelt with oi. The most common words of this type are [[wikt:poêle ("stove", "frying pan") and [[wikt:moelleux ("soft"). poêle is itself an etymological spelling, with the ê reflecting its derivation from Latin [[wikt:patella. If the oe is not to be pronounced thus, then a diaeresis, acute or grave accent needs to be added in order to indicate that the vowels should be pronounced separately. For example, [[wikt:Noël, [[wikt:poésie, [[wikt:poète. The exception to this rule is when a morpheme ending in o is joined to one beginning in e, as in [[wikt:électroencéphalogramme, or with the prefix co , which is always pronounced in hiatus with the following vowel, as in [[wikt:coefficient ("ratio", "coefficient").

In Lombard "œ" represents in many writing systems, sometimes along with "u", the phoneme. For example: [[wikt:tegnœra (bat).

The symbol is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for the open mid front rounded vowel. This sound resembles the "œu" in the French [[wikt:œuf or the "ö" in the German [[wikt:öffnen. These contrast with French [[wikt:feu and German [[wikt:schön, which have the close mid front rounded vowel,
The small capital variant represents the open front rounded vowel in the IPA. Modifier letter small ligature oe (ꟹ) is used in extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet. The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (UPA) includes