Абердарон: Тарихы мен табиғаты

Aberdaron is a community, electoral ward and former fishing village at the western tip of the Llŷn Peninsula in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. It lies west of Pwllheli and south west of Caernarfon, and has a population of 965. The community includes Bardsey Island (Ynys Enlli), the coastal area around Porthor, and the villages of Anelog, Llanfaelrhys, Penycaerau, Rhoshirwaun, Rhydlios, Uwchmynydd and Y Rhiw. It covers an area of just under 50 square kilometres. Y Rhiw and Llanfaelrhys have long been linked by sharing rectors and by their close proximity, but were originally ecclesiastical parishes in themselves. The parish of Bodferin/Bodverin was assimilated in the 19th century. The village was the last rest stop for pilgrims heading to Bardsey Island (Ynys Enlli), the legendary "island of 20,000 saints". In the 18th and 19th centuries it developed as a shipbuilding centre and port. The mining and quarrying industries became major employers, and limestone, lead, jasper and manganese ("Mango") were exported. There are the ruins of an old pier running out to sea at Porth Simdde, which is the local name for the west end of Aberdaron Beach. After the Second World War the mining industry collapsed, and Aberdaron gradually developed into a holiday resort. The coastal waters are part of Pen Llŷn a'r Sarnau Special Area of Conservation (Ardal Cadwraeth Arbennig Pen Llŷn a'r Sarnau), one of the largest marine designated sites in the United Kingdom. The coast itself forms part of the Aberdaron Coast and Bardsey Island Special Protection Area (Ardal Gwarchodaeth Arbennig Glannau Aberdaron ac Ynys Enlli), In 1956 the area was included in Llŷn Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (Ardal o Harddwch Naturiol Eithriadol Llŷn). Conservation Areas have been created in Aberdaron, Bardsey Island and Y Rhiw;

Aberdaron means "Mouth of the Daron river", a reference to the river (Afon Daron) which flows into the sea at Aberdaron Bay (Bae Aberdaron). The river itself is named after Daron, an ancient Celtic goddess of oak trees, with Dâr being an archaic Welsh word for oak. As such, the name shares an etymology with Aberdare and the Dare river (afon Dâr).

The area around Aberdaron has been inhabited by people for millennia. Evidence from the Iron Age hillfort at Castell Odo, on Mynydd Ystum, shows that some phases of its construction began unusually early, in the late Bronze Age, between 2850 and 2650 years before present (BP). The construction was wholly defensive, but in later phases defence appears to have been less important, and in the last phase the fort's ramparts were deliberately flattened, suggesting there was no longer a need for defence. The Bronze and Iron Age double ringed fortification at Meillionnydd was intensively occupied from at least the 8/7th to the 3rd/2nd century BCE, and was also deliberately flattened. It appears that Aberdaron became an undefended farming community. Ptolemy calls the Llŷn Peninsula "Ganganorum Promontorium" ; the Gangani were a tribe of Celts also found in Ireland, and it is thought there may have been strong ties with Leinster.

The church at Aberdaron had the ancient privilege of sanctuary. In 1094 Gruffudd ap Cynan, the exiled King of Gwynedd, sought refuge in the church while attempting to recapture his throne; he escaped in the monastic community's boat to Ireland. The medieval townships of Aberdaron were Isseley (Bugelis, Rhedynfra, Dwyros, Anhegraig, Cyllyfelin, Gwthrian, Deuglawdd and Bodernabdwy), Uwchseley (Anelog, Pwlldefaid, Llanllawen, Ystohelig, Bodermid, Trecornen), Ultradaron (Penrhyn, Cadlan, Ysgo, Llanllawen), and Bodrydd (Penycaerau, Bodrydd, Bodwyddog). These locatives predate the idea of the modern ecclesiastical parish. Some were or became hamlets in themselves, whereas others have subsequently been divided – for example the modern Bodrydd Farm is only a part of the medieval township. After the English Civil War, when the Parliamentarians under Oliver Cromwell introduced a strongly Protestant regime, Catholicism remained the dominant religion in the area. Catholics, who had largely supported the Royalist side, were often considered to be traitors and efforts were made to eradicate the religion. The persecution even extended to Aberdaron, and in 1657, Gwen Griffiths of Y Rhiw was summoned to the Quarter Sessions as a "papist". On the industrial front, mining developed as a major source of employment, especially at Y Rhiw, where manganese was discovered in 1827.

Aberdaron, Bardsey Island, Bodferin, Llanfaelrhys and Y Rhiw were civil parishes in the commote of Cymydmaen within Cantref Llŷn, in Caernarfonshire. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, parishes were grouped into "unions": Pwllheli Poor Law Union was created in 1837. Under the Public Health Act 1848 the area of the poor law union became Pwllheli Rural Sanitary District, which from 1889 formed a second tier of local government under Caernarfonshire County Council. Y Rhiw was absorbed into the smaller Llanfaelrhys in 1886; and under the Local Government Act 1894 the four remaining parishes became part of Llŷn Rural District (Dosbarth Gwledig Llŷn). Bodferin, Llanfaelrhys, and parts of Bryncroes and Llangwnnadl, were amalgamated into Aberdaron in 1934. Llŷn Rural District was abolished in 1974, and Bardsey Island was absorbed into Aberdaron to form a community within Dwyfor District in the new county of Gwynedd; Dwyfor was abolished as a local authority area when Gwynedd became a unitary authority in 1996. The community now forms an electoral division of Gwynedd Council, electing one councillor; William Gareth Roberts of Plaid Cymru was re elected in 2008. Aberdaron Community Council has 12 elected members, who represent three wards: Aberdaron De , Aberdaron Dwyrain and Aberdaron Gogledd Ten Independent councillors and one from Plaid Cymru were elected unopposed in the 2008 election. From 1950, Aberdaron was part of Caernarfon parliamentary constituency. In 2010, the community was transferred to Dwyfor Meirionnydd constituency. In the Senedd it has, since 2007, formed part of the Dwyfor Meirionnydd constituency, represented by Dafydd Elis Thomas of Plaid Cymru, who until 2011 was the Presiding Officer of the assembly. The constituency forms part of the electoral region of Mid and West Wales.

Aberdaron stands on the shore of Bae Aberdaron in a small valley at the confluence of the Afon Daron and Afon Cyll y Felin, between the headlands of Uwchmynydd to the west, and Trwyn y Penrhyn to the east. At the mouth of the bay stand two islands, Ynys Gwylan Fawr and Ynys Gwylan Fach, which together are known as Ynysoedd Gwylanod Gwylan Fawr reaches 108 feet (33 metres) in height. The Llŷn Peninsula is a marine eroded platform, an extension of the Snowdonia massif, with a complex geology including Precambrian rocks. To the east, Mynydd Rhiw, Mynydd y Graig and Mynydd Penarfynydd form a 3 mile (5 km) series of hog back ridges of igneous rock that reaches the sea at Trwyn Talfarach. Above 800 feet (244 m) the ridges are topped by hard gabbro. At its northern end Mynydd Rhiw rises to 997 feet (304 m) and is a Marilyn. The outcrop of Clip y Gylfinhir looming above the village of Y Rhiw. Mynydd Penarfynydd is one of the best exposures of intrusive, layered, igneous rock in the British Isles. East of Y Rhiw is an extensive low lying plateau between and above sea level. The coastal rock is softer here, and the sea has been free to erode the rock and boulder clay to form sand, resulting in the spacious beach of Porth Neigwl (or Hell's Mouth). Bardsey Island lies 2 mile (3 km) off Pen y Cil, where there is another Marilyn; Mynydd Enlli. The island is wide and 1 mile (2 km) long. The north east rises steeply from the sea to a height of 548 feet (167 m). The western plain, in contrast, comprises low, and relatively flat, cultivated farmland; in the south the island narrows to an isthmus, connecting to a peninsula. The coast around Aberdaron has been the scene of many shipwrecks. In 1822, the Bardsey Island lighthouse tender was wrecked, with the loss of six lives; and in 1752, the schooner John the Baptist, carrying a cargo of oats from Wexford to Liverpool, was wrecked on the beach at Aberdaron. A great storm swept the country on 26 October 1859 and many ships were lost: nine were wrecked at Porthor, seven of them with complete loss of life. On the south coast, vessels were often driven ashore at Porth Neigwl by a combination of south westerly gales and treacherous offshore currents. The Transit was lost in 1839, the Arfestone the following year, and the Henry Catherine in 1866.

It is sometimes referred to as the "Land's End of North Wales", or in Welsh Pendraw'r Byd (roughly "far end of the world"). Aberdaron was the last place on the route for rest and refreshment and pilgrims often had to wait weeks in the village for a chance to cross the treacherous waters of Bardsey Sound (Swnt Enlli). Above the village, on the Afon Daron, stands Bodwrdda, an early 16th century stone built house, which had a fulling mill adjacent; two large brick built wings were added later, giving an imposing three storey facade containing 17th century windows. To the south, Penrhyn Mawr is a substantial late 18th century gable fronted farmhouse. which was opened in 2014.

Bardsey Island, 2 mile (3 km) off the mainland, was inhabited in Neolithic times, and traces of hut circles remain. During the 5th century the island became a refuge for persecuted Christians, and a small Celtic monastery existed. Saint Cadfan arrived from Brittany in 516 and, under his guidance, St Mary's Abbey was built. For centuries the island was important as "the holy place of burial for all the bravest and best in the land". Bards called it "the land of indulgences, absolution and pardon, the road to Heaven, and the gate to Paradise", In 1188 the abbey was still a Celtic institution, but by 1212 it belonged to the Augustinians. although today only ruins of the old abbey's 13th century bell tower remain. A Celtic cross amidst the ruins commemorates the 20,000 saints reputed to be buried on the island. The island was declared a national nature reserve in 1986, and is part of Aberdaron Coast and Bardsey Island Special Protection Area. It is now a favourite bird watching location, on the migration routes of thousands of birds. Bardsey Bird and Field Observatory (Gwylfa Maes ac Adar Ynys Enlli), founded in 1953, nets and rings 8,000 birds each year to understand their migration patterns. Bardsey Island Trust bought the island in 1979, When, in 2000, the trust advertised for a tenant for the sheep farm on the island, they had 1,100 applications. The tenancy is now held by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; and the land is managed to maintain the natural habitat. Oats, turnips and swedes are grown; goats, ducks, geese and chickens kept; and there is a mixed flock of sheep and Welsh Black cattle. The Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society has been working on cetaceans in the region. Several species, most notably bottlenose dolphins, can be observed from the shores.

Porth Ysgo, owned by the National Trust, is reached by a steep slope from Llanfaelrhys, east of Aberdaron, past a disused manganese mine in Nant y Gadwen. Where the path from Ysgo reaches the beach, a waterfall, Pistyll y Gaseg, tumbles over the cliff. At the eastern end of the bay is Porth Alwm, where the stream from Nant y Gadwen flows into the sea. The south facing beach is composed of fine, firm sand. To the west, King Arthur's last battle against his arch enemy, Mordred, was supposedly fought in the fields around Porth Cadlan. Offshore lies a rock, Maen Gwenonwy, named after Arthur's sister. Lladron Maelrhys are two large stones on the border between Llanfaelrhys and Y Rhiw. It is claimed that, years ago, thieves broke into St Maelrhys Church, intent on stealing money. Caught in the act, they fled for their lives but were caught as they approached Y Rhiw, and killed on the spot; the stones mark their burial place. Another version claims that as they crossed the parish boundary they were turned to stone for their sacrilege.

Porthor is a cove north of Aberdaron that has smooth white sand; when dry, the sand whistles, or squeaks, underfoot. The crescent shaped beach is backed by steep cliffs of relatively hard rock, from which the cove has been sculpted by the rough seas. The bay is the centre of a National Trust estate comprising of shoreline, headland and farmland, and including Mynydd Carreg and Mynydd Anelog. On the hill summits that dot the headlands are heather and gorse, shaped by the prevailing wind; thrift and wild thyme thrive on the acidic soil. The cliffs are a stronghold of the chough, and a nesting place for razorbills and guillemots. On the lower rocks, in reach of the waves, are plentiful lichens, seaweeds, sponges, limpets and barnacles. To the south are Dinas Bach and Dinas Mawr, twin peninsulas formed from weathered pillow lavas 600 million years old, thought to have been early fortified sites from the Iron Age. Kittiwakes, cormorants and shags can be seen on the cliffs, while farm birds such as the yellowhammer frequent the gorse. It provided fuel from peat cuttings, pasture for animals and accommodated squatters, mainly fishermen, who had encroached on the common with the tacit acceptance of the community. An inclosure act was drawn up in 1802, designed to remove all squatters who had been there less than 20 years. Resistance to the evictions was fierce and was only suppressed by a contingent of dragoons. The act was finally applied in 1814; new roads were built across the moor; boundaries were established; allotments allocated; and wetland reclaimed. Castell Odo, on Mynydd Ystum, is one of Europe's earliest Iron Age Settlements, standing 480 feet (146 m) above sea level. The hillfort, 165 feet (50 m) in diameter, has visible traces of eight circular huts; pottery found on the site dates from 425 BC. To the east of the village, Felin Uchaf is an educational centre exploring ways of living and working in partnership with the environment. Developed on a redundant farm, it provides residential courses in rural skills and sustainable agriculture. A traditional Iron Age roundhouse has been built on the site.

Uwchmynydd, southwest of Aberdaron, has a long history of human settlement. Mesolithic flints have been found in the area, and a Neolithic stone axe was discovered on Mynydd Mawr. Hut circles are visible on the summits, and part of a Roman anchor was recovered off Trwyn Bychestyn. The former Coastguard lookout point, manned for almost 80 years before becoming redundant in 1990, provides views over Bardsey Sound to the island. The hut contains an exhibition to the natural history of the area, and a mural created by local children. The headland at Braich y Pwll is the only known location on the British mainland of the spotted rock rose, which produces bright yellow petals that last only one day. where it was customary for pilgrims to invoke the protection of the Virgin Mary before making the dangerous crossing to Bardsey Island. At the foot of Mynydd Mawr is Ffynnon Fair , the last stop for pilgrims crossing to the island; the well is a freshwater spring which is covered twice daily by the sea, emerging from the ebbing tide with crystal clear water. The traditional embarkation point for pilgrims crossing to Bardsey Island was at Porth Meudwy , now a lobster fishing cove. Further south is Porth y Pistyll, which has good views of Ynysoedd Gwylanod, home to puffin and guillemot colonies; and Pen y Cil, where the Precambrian pillow lavas are exposed, revealing how they have been contorted over time.

The mountain top hamlet of Y Rhiw is 4 mile (6 km) to the east. There are fine views of Llŷn towards Snowdonia. On the slopes of Mynydd Rhiw is a late Stone Age burial chamber, and Neolithic quarries. Nearby on Mynydd y Graig are three hillforts, several hut circles and terraced fields that are thought to date from the late Iron Age;

Plas yn Rhiw, owned by the National Trust, is an early 17th century house that was restored by the Keating sisters in 1939, with advice from Clough Williams Ellis. It is believed that the house is on or near the site of an earlier defended house, built by Meirion Goch in the 10th century to prevent incursions by Vikings into Porth Neigwl. Bwlch y Garreg Wen at Y Rhiw, built in 1731, is a croglofft cottage, a type of agricultural worker's house found in Llŷn.

Aberdaron lies at the western end of the B4413 road. The road runs east to Llanbedrog, where it connects with the A499 Pwllheli to Abersoch road. Bardsey Boat Trips operates passenger ferries between Porth Meudwy and Bardsey Island. These are supplemented by Enlli Charters, who sail between Pwllheli and the island. At low tide, the ferry boat has to be hauled up to the boathouse by tractor before passengers can disembark. Buses are provided by two companies. Service 17 is operated by Nefyn Coaches, with six Monday to Saturday return journeys on the Pwllheli–Llanbedrog–Mynytho–Nanhoron–Botwnnog–Sarn Meyllteyrn–Penygroeslon–Rhoshirwaun–Aberdaron route. Two of the Aberdaron bound journeys divert through Bryn croes. Arriva Buses Wales provide a late night return journey on Saturdays. Service 17 is supplemented by Nefyn Coaches service 17b, running return journeys twice a day, Monday to Saturday, largely over the same route, but with diversions to serve Penllech and Llangwnnad towards Aberdaron, or Penycaerau and Y Rhiw heading back to Pwllheli. There is a Nefyn Coaches service, 8b running routes only on Wednesdays, between Nefyn, Rhydlios, Rhiw and Uwchmynydd. On weekdays other than Wednesdays, Nefyn Coaches service 334 runs a morning route between Rhydlios and Nefyn. A second journey at midday operates from Uwchmynydd over the same route to Nefyn, and on to Pwllheli. Each weekday, an early evening bus runs the Penygroeslon to Uwchmynydd route, while on Wednesdays during school holidays an afternoon Rhydlios to Pwllheli bus runs.

Water and sanitation are provided by Dŵr Cymru , owned by Glas Cymru, a company limited by guarantee. The electricity distribution company is Scottish Power, a subsidiary of the Basque utility Iberdrola. Welsh Ambulance Services provide ambulance and paramedic services; and North West Wales NHS Trust is responsible for hospital services. The nearest community hospital is Ysbyty Bryn Beryl at Pwllheli; for 24 hour accident and emergency services the nearest provision is at Ysbyty Gwynedd in Bangor. The general provision of health services is the responsibility of Gwynedd Local Health Board. Law enforcement is the responsibility of North Wales Police, formed in 1967 as Gwynedd Constabulary. North Wales Fire and Rescue Service was created in 1996 by the merger of the Gwynedd and Clwyd fire brigades; it provides public protection services, operating out of the fire station at Abersoch.

In the early 19th century there was a school for poor children, which moved in a four year cycle between Aberdaron, Llanfaelrhys, Bryncroes and Y Rhiw. Primary education is now provided by Ysgol Crud y Werin in Aberdaron, which has 54 pupils, and by Ysgol Llidiardau in Rhoshirwaun, established in 1880, which has 21 pupils. At the last inspection of Ysgol Crud y Werin, by Estyn in 2008, there were no pupils entitled to free school meals, and 84 per cent came from homes where Welsh was the main spoken language; Welsh is the main medium of teaching. Ysgol Llidiardau was last inspected in 2009; 18 per cent of pupils were entitled to free school meals and 36 per cent came from homes where Welsh was the predominant language. Secondary school pupils mainly attend Ysgol Botwnnog.

Aberdaron is a predominantly Welsh speaking community; 75.2 per cent of the population speak the language. A mobile library visits a number of sites in the community each week; and Llanw Llŷn, a papur bro published in Abersoch, serves the area; the local English newspapers are the Caernarfon and Denbigh Herald, published in Caernarfon; and the Cambrian News, published in Aberystwyth. Summer harp recitals and concerts are held in St Hywyn's Church; and a local eisteddfod, Eisteddfod Flynyddol Uwchmynydd, is held at Ysgol Crud y Werin. The poet R. S. Thomas was vicar of St Hywyn's Church from 1967 to 1978; when he retired he lived for some years in Y Rhiw. An ardent Welsh nationalist who learnt to speak Welsh, his poetry was based on his religious faith. In 1995 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and he was widely regarded as the best religious poet of his time. The subject of one of Thomas's poems, Richard Robert Jones, better known as "Dic Aberdaron", was born in the village in 1780. Despite very little formal education, he is said to have been fluent in 14 languages, and spent years travelling the country accompanied by his books and his cat. William Rowlands won a prize at the National Eisteddfod in 1922, for an adventure story written for boys. The book, Y Llong Lo , was published in 1924, and told the story of two boys who stow away on one of the ships that brought coal to Porth Neigwl. According to his biographer Joseph Pearce, Roy and Mary Campbell shocked the local population with their flashy, colorful clothing, unkempt appearances, and lack of bashfulness about nudity and sex. Furthermore, the Campbell's first child, their daughter Teresa, was born, with assistance of a local midwife, inside the cottage during the stormy night of 26 November 1922. Campbell's first widely successful and popular poem, The Flaming Terrapin, was completed in the cottage and mailed to its publisher from Aberdaron,

Considered one of the most significant Welsh poets of the 15th century, Dafydd Nanmor, in Gwallt Llio, compared the striking yellow colour of the rocks at Uwchmynydd, covered by golden hair lichen, to the colour of his loved one's hair. Lewys Daron, a 16th century poet best known for his elegy to friend and fellow poet Tudur Aled, is thought to have been born in Aberdaron. In the 18th century Anne Griffith was a local healer who was an early advocate of the use of fox glove for heart conditions. She was born in 1734 and lived all her adult life at Bryn Canaid in Uwchmynydd where she would collect plants, cheese, apple mold and local manganese to make remedies. She died in 1821 but details are known or her work due to a local historian. Yorkshire born poet Christine Evans lives half the year on Bardsey Island and spends the winters at Uwchmynydd. She moved to Pwllheli as a teacher and married into a Bardsey Island farming family. On maternity leave in 1976, she started writing poems; her first book was published seven years later. Cometary Phrases was Welsh Book of the Year 1989 and she was the winner of the inaugural Roland Mathias Prize in 2005. Edgar Ewart Pritchard, an amateur film maker from Brownhills, produced The Island in the Current, a colour film of life on Bardsey Island, in 1953; a copy of the film is held by the National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales. A candle lantern, discovered in 1946 in a cowshed at Y Rhiw, is now displayed in St Fagans National History Museum; and Iron Age pottery found at Castell Odo is on display at Gwynedd Museum and Art Gallery in Bangor. Dilys Cadwaladr, the former school teacher on Bardsey Island, in 1953 became the first woman to win the Crown at the National Eisteddfod for her long poem Y Llen; and artist Brenda Chamberlain twice won the gold medal for Art at the Eisteddfod; some of the murals she painted can still be seen on the walls of Carreg, her island home from 1947 to 1962. Wildlife artist Kim Atkinson, whose work has been widely exhibited in Wales and England, spent her childhood on the island and returned to live there in the 1980s. Since 1999, Bardsey Island Trust has appointed an Artist in Residence to spend several weeks on the island producing work which is later exhibited on the mainland. A Welsh literary residence was created in 2002; singer songwriter Fflur Dafydd spent six weeks working on a collection of poetry and prose. It was tradition for Bardsey Island to elect the "King of Bardsey" (Brenin Enlli), and from 1820 onwards he would be crowned by Baron Newborough or his representative; the crown is now kept at Merseyside Maritime Museum in Liverpool, although calls have been made for it to return to Gwynedd. At the outbreak of the First World War, the last king, Love Pritchard, offered himself and the men of the island for military service, but he was refused as he was considered too old at the age of 71; Pritchard took umbrage, and declared the island to be a neutral power. Owen Griffith, a qualified pharmacist from Penycaerau, who was known as the "Doctor of the Wild Wart", used a traditional herbalist remedy to cure basal cell carcinoma, also known as rodent ulcer; the remedy had supposedly been passed on to the family 300 years earlier by an Irish tinker. In 1932 a woman died while receiving treatment and, even though the inquest into her death found that no blame was apportioned to the treatment, the Chief Medical Officer for Caernarfonshire vociferously condemned the treatment in the press. Former patients came out in support of the pharmacist, and petitions were sent to the Department of Health demanding that a medical licence be granted to Griffith and his cousin. There are several folk tales of the Tylwyth Teg, the fairy people who inhabited the area and an invisible land in Cardigan Bay. One tells of a farmer from Aberdaron who was in the habit of stepping outside his house before retiring to bed. One night he was spoken to by a stranger, who asked why the farmer was annoyed by him. The farmer, confused, asked what the stranger meant and was told to stand with one foot on the stranger's. This he did, and could see another house, just below his own, and that all the farm's slops went down the chimney of the invisible house. The stranger asked if the farmer would move his door to the other side of the house, which the farmer subsequently did, walling up the original door; from that day, the farmer's livestock flourished, and he became one of the most prosperous men in the area.

A church was founded in Aberdaron in the 6th century by Saint Hywyn, a follower of Saint Cadfan; it was a significant institution, a monastery and centre of religious learning, rather than simply a place of worship for the locals. and a square bell turret. and in the churchyard stand Y Meini Feracius a Senagus , the tombstones of two 5th century Christian priests, found in the 18th century on farmland near Mynydd Anelog. In 2008 the church became the centre of controversy when the new vicar Jim Cotter, himself gay, blessed a gay civil partnership. The vicar was reprimanded by Barry Morgan, the Archbishop of Wales. Referring to the archbishop's protests, the vicar stated "There was a bit of a to do about it". The church at Llanfaelrhys is the only one in the United Kingdom dedicated to Saint Maelrhys, the cousin of both Saint Cadfan and Saint Hywyn, who accompanied them to Wales from Brittany. Legend attributes the building of the church to a trader who landed a cargo of flour near Aberdaron during a famine; he used the profit from his sale to construct a small church for the locals. Much of the building is medieval; the font dates back to the 15th century; and there are plain hard wooden benches on the north side; on the south side are 19th century wooden box pews. The graveyard contains the graves of the three Keating sisters, who restored Plas yn Rhiw. Above Porth Iago is the site of the ancient St Medin's Church; now just a mound in the middle of a field; it was the parish church of Bodferin. One of the first Non conformists in the area was Morgan Griffith of Y Rhiw. In 1745 he was brought before the court in Pwllheli, where he was jailed for failing to renounce his beliefs. After his release he returned to Y Rhiw and began to preach again. Re arrested, he was returned to a prison ship in England, where he subsequently died. Two of the earliest non conformist chapels in the Llŷn Peninsula were established at Penycaerau, in 1768, and Uwchmynydd, in 1770; and Capel Nebo was built at Y Rhiw in 1813; the Wesleyan Methodists followed in 1832 at Capel Pisgah. By 1850 there were eight non conformist chapels in Aberdaron, five in Y Rhiw and one on Bardsey Island; Aberdaron is also home to a Seventh day Adventist youth camp named Glan yr afon, located 1 mile (2 km) from the village centre. At the 2001 census 73.9 per cent of the population claimed to be Christian and 15.0 per cent stated that they had no religion.

Aberdaron hosts numerous sailing regattas featuring clinker built boats unique to the area; Bass and coley can be caught from the rocks at Porth Iago; and wrasse, pollock and mackerel are plentiful. Access is difficult at Uwchmynydd, but pollock, mackerel, wrasse and conger are caught; huss are plentiful; and ling are found occasionally. as part of the Wales Coast Path. Kayaking is possible from both Aberdaron and Porth Neigwl, and the south facing "sunshine coast" is a major attraction; there are camping facilities for canoeists on the shores of Porth Neigwl. Tidal streams are generally weak, although landing conditions are tricky when there is wind or swell from the south. The area has excellent diving. Underwater visibility at Bardsey Island extends to 66 feet (20 m) and there is a rich variety of sea life; it is considered some of the best diving in Gwynedd. The Ynysoedd Gwylanod are particularly popular, and the wreck of the Glenocum, in Bae Aberdaron, is excellent for novices, having a maximum depth of 26 feet (8 m); an extremely large conger eel lives in the lower section of the boiler openings. There is spectacular diving at Pen y Cil, where there is a slate wreck and an unusual cave dive; nearby Carreg Ddu is an isolated rocky island in Bardsey Sound, although care must be taken as there are strong currents. Beachgoing is popular along the coast. Aberdaron Beach, facing south west, is sandy, gently shelving and safe; it received a Seaside Award in 2008. the beach at Porth Neigwl was awarded a Green Coast Award in 2009. Aberdaron Beach is a surfing and bodyboarding location for surfers of all levels, although it can be dangerous at high tide when the waves break directly onto boulders underneath the cliff. The better surfers head for the northern end.