Мавзолейлер және жерлеуші үйлер

Burial chamber of a deceased person

A mausoleum is an external free standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum.

The word mausoleum (from the μαυσωλεῖον) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside Rome. When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use. Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during the early modern and modern periods. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land. In the United States, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called crypts or catacombs.

Mausoleum of Mohammed V, monumental grave of the Moroccan king Mohammed V and his two sons, late King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah, in Rabat, Morocco. Bourguiba mausoleum, monumental grave of Habib Bourguiba, first president of Tunisia, in Monastir, Tunisia. El Alia Cemetery in Oued Smar, Algeria. John Garang De Mabior's mausoleum in Juba, South Sudan. Mastabas dating from ancient Egypt. Agostinho Neto's mausoleum in Luanda, Angola. Mathieu Kerekou's mausoleum in Natitingou, Benin. Mausolée du Guide Suprême du Patriotisme in Gitega, Burundi. Omar Bongo's mausoleum, a replica of the mausoleum of Mohammed V, in Franceville, Gabon. Léon M'ba's mausoleum in Libreville, Gabon. Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum in Accra, Ghana. Atta Mills's mausoleum at Asomdwee Park in Accra, Ghana. Burma Camp military cemetery in Accra, Ghana. Mausoleum of Levy Mwanawasa, Frederick Chiluba, and Michael Sata at the Embassy Park Presidential Burial in Lusaka, Zambia. Domoni, burial place and location of Ahmed Abdallah's mausoleum, first president of Comoros. Marien Ngouabi's mausoleum and Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza's mausoleum in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Mausoleum of Félix Houphouët Boigny, first president of Ivory Coast, in Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast. Laurent Kabila's mausoleum in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mausoleum of Joseph Kasa Vubu in Singini, Tshela, Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of Congo. Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque is a shrine and mausoleum in Cairo, Egypt, and the burial place of Gamal Abdel Nasser, second president of Egypt. The Unknown Soldier Memorial is a pyramid shaped monument in Nasr City, Egypt. Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania, monumental grave of the Numidian Berber king Juba II and the Queen Cleopatra Selene II located on the road between Cherchell and Algiers, in Tipaza Province, Algeria. Al Hussein Mosque is a shrine and mausoleum in Cairo, Egypt, and the purported burial place of Muhammad's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali. Qalawun complex, contains the mausoleum of Qalawun in Cairo, Egypt. Jedars, thirteen ancient monumental Berber mausoleums located south of Tiaret. Palm Grove Cemetery in Monrovia, Liberia. National Hall, mausoleum of the late president William Tubman in Monrovia, Montserrado, Liberia. Eyadema's family mausoleum in Kara, Togo. Kamuzu Banda's mausoleum in Lilongwe, Malawi. Bingu wa Mutharika, third president of Malawi, built a mausoleum in which his late first wife and Bingu himself are buried. Meles Zenawi's grave in the Holy Trinity Cathedral, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. King Sobhuza II Memorial Park in Lobamba, Eswatini. Julius Nyerere's mausoleum in Mwalimu Nyerere Museum Centre, Butiama, Tanzania. The Heroes Square in Maputo, Mozambique. Amilcar Cabral's mausoleum in Bissau, Guinea Bissau. Mausoleum of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, late president of Kenya, in Nairobi, Kenya. Jaramogi Oginga Odinga's mausoleum in Bondo, Kenya. Camayanne Mausoleum, monumental grave of Guinea's national heroes Samori Ture, Sekou Toure, and Alfa Yaya in the Grand Mosque of Conakry. Nnamdi Azikiwe's mausoleum in Onitsha, Nigeria. Tafawa Balewa's tomb in Bauchi, Nigeria. Mausoleum of Obafemi Awolowo in Ogun State, Nigeria. Sani Abacha's mausoleum in Kano, Nigeria. National Heroes Acre in Harare, Zimbabwe. Heroes' Acre in Windhoek, Namibia.

Rizal Monument at Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines, houses the remains of Dr. Jose Rizal, national hero of the Philippines. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Revolution, enshrining participants in the 1896 revolution against the Spanish Empire. Quezon Memorial, in Quezon City, Philippines, houses the remains of President Manuel L. Quezon and his wife, Aurora. Marcos Museum and Mausoleum in Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, housing the remains of President Ferdinand Marcos.

National Chiang Kai shek Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan. National Dr. Sun Yat sen Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan. Mausoleum of late President Chiang Kai shek, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Mausoleum of late President Chiang Ching kuo, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Chen Tsyr shiou Memorial Park, Former Mausoleum and Memorial of late Vice President Chen Cheng, Taishan District, New Taipei, Taiwan.

Massey Memorial in Wellington, New Zealand where New Zealand Prime Minister William Massey and his wife are interred. Savage Memorial at Bastion Point in Auckland, New Zealand where New Zealand Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage is interred.