Кіріспе
Бірінші болып ойнаған кезде артықшылықты теңестіру ережесі
+ A chess game using the pie rule, player 2's options in bold Player 1 plays first move as WhitePlayer 1
Player 2 ↙ ↘ Player 2 lets move stand Player 2 switches placesPlayer 1
Player 2Player 1
Player 2 Player 2 to playas Black, as before Player 1 to play again,now as Black
The pie rule, sometimes referred to as the swap rule, is a rule used to balance abstract strategy games where a first move advantage has been demonstrated. After the first move is made in a game that uses the pie rule, the second player must select one of two options:
Letting the move stand. The second player remains the second player and moves immediately. Switching places. The second player becomes the first moving player with the move already done by the opponent, and the opponent plays the first move of their new color. Depending on the game, there may be two ways to implement switching places. Switching colors means that the players exchange pieces. The player who made the first move becomes the second player and makes the second move on the board. This is demonstrated in the chess diagrams shown here. Switching the first piece can occur in games where the board starts empty and the first move consists of placing one piece. Suppose the colors are white versus black, and black places the first piece. This piece is replaced by a white piece in the corresponding location for white, and the black piece is returned to black's supply. In a game such as Hex or TwixT, the corresponding location is at a cell "reflected" across the nearest (or either) diagonal. In games such as Y, where the board is not directional, the white stone replaces the black stone in the same cell. Players keep their respective color pieces, and play continues with black making the next move. This is effectively the same as switching colors. The use of pie rule was first reported in 1909 for a game in the Mancala family. Among modern games, Hex uses this rule. TwixT in tournament play uses a swap rule. In Meridians, the first player places 2 stones on the board before the second player chooses the color. The rule can be applied to other games which are otherwise solved for one player, such as Gomoku or Tablut. The rule gets its name from the divide and choose method of ensuring fairness in when dividing a pie between two people: one person cuts the pie in half, then the other person chooses which half to eat. The person cutting the pie, knowing that the other person will choose the larger piece, will make as equal a division as possible. This rule acts as a normalization factor in games where there may be a first move advantage. In games that cannot end in a draw, such as Hex, the pie rule theoretically gives the second player a win (since one of the players must have a winning strategy after the first move, and the second player can choose to be this player), but the practical result is that the first player will choose a move neither too strong nor too weak, and the second player will have to decide whether switching places is worth the first move advantage.
+ Шахмат ойынында пирог ережесі қолданылады, 2-ойыншының нұсқалары қалың әріппен жазылған. 1-ойыншы ақ түспен бірінші қозғалысты жасайды.
+ A chess game using the pie rule, player 2's options in bold Player 1 plays first move as WhitePlayer 1
Player 2 ↙ ↘ Player 2 lets move stand Player 2 switches placesPlayer 1
Player 2Player 1
Player 2 Player 2 to playas Black, as before Player 1 to play again,now as Black
The pie rule, sometimes referred to as the swap rule, is a rule used to balance abstract strategy games where a first move advantage has been demonstrated. After the first move is made in a game that uses the pie rule, the second player must select one of two options:
Letting the move stand. The second player remains the second player and moves immediately. Switching places. The second player becomes the first moving player with the move already done by the opponent, and the opponent plays the first move of their new color. Depending on the game, there may be two ways to implement switching places. Switching colors means that the players exchange pieces. The player who made the first move becomes the second player and makes the second move on the board. This is demonstrated in the chess diagrams shown here. Switching the first piece can occur in games where the board starts empty and the first move consists of placing one piece. Suppose the colors are white versus black, and black places the first piece. This piece is replaced by a white piece in the corresponding location for white, and the black piece is returned to black's supply. In a game such as Hex or TwixT, the corresponding location is at a cell "reflected" across the nearest (or either) diagonal. In games such as Y, where the board is not directional, the white stone replaces the black stone in the same cell. Players keep their respective color pieces, and play continues with black making the next move. This is effectively the same as switching colors. The use of pie rule was first reported in 1909 for a game in the Mancala family. Among modern games, Hex uses this rule. TwixT in tournament play uses a swap rule. In Meridians, the first player places 2 stones on the board before the second player chooses the color. The rule can be applied to other games which are otherwise solved for one player, such as Gomoku or Tablut. The rule gets its name from the divide and choose method of ensuring fairness in when dividing a pie between two people: one person cuts the pie in half, then the other person chooses which half to eat. The person cutting the pie, knowing that the other person will choose the larger piece, will make as equal a division as possible. This rule acts as a normalization factor in games where there may be a first move advantage. In games that cannot end in a draw, such as Hex, the pie rule theoretically gives the second player a win (since one of the players must have a winning strategy after the first move, and the second player can choose to be this player), but the practical result is that the first player will choose a move neither too strong nor too weak, and the second player will have to decide whether switching places is worth the first move advantage.
1-ойыншы
2-ойыншы ↙ ↘ 2-ойыншы қозғалысты күшінде қалдырады 2-ойыншы орын ауыстырады 1-ойыншы
2-ойыншы 1-ойыншы
2-ойыншы 2-ойыншы бұрынғыдай қара түспен ойнайды, 1-ойыншы қайтадан ойнайды, енді қара түспен.
+ A chess game using the pie rule, player 2's options in bold Player 1 plays first move as WhitePlayer 1
Player 2 ↙ ↘ Player 2 lets move stand Player 2 switches placesPlayer 1
Player 2Player 1
Player 2 Player 2 to playas Black, as before Player 1 to play again,now as Black
The pie rule, sometimes referred to as the swap rule, is a rule used to balance abstract strategy games where a first move advantage has been demonstrated. After the first move is made in a game that uses the pie rule, the second player must select one of two options:
Letting the move stand. The second player remains the second player and moves immediately. Switching places. The second player becomes the first moving player with the move already done by the opponent, and the opponent plays the first move of their new color. Depending on the game, there may be two ways to implement switching places. Switching colors means that the players exchange pieces. The player who made the first move becomes the second player and makes the second move on the board. This is demonstrated in the chess diagrams shown here. Switching the first piece can occur in games where the board starts empty and the first move consists of placing one piece. Suppose the colors are white versus black, and black places the first piece. This piece is replaced by a white piece in the corresponding location for white, and the black piece is returned to black's supply. In a game such as Hex or TwixT, the corresponding location is at a cell "reflected" across the nearest (or either) diagonal. In games such as Y, where the board is not directional, the white stone replaces the black stone in the same cell. Players keep their respective color pieces, and play continues with black making the next move. This is effectively the same as switching colors. The use of pie rule was first reported in 1909 for a game in the Mancala family. Among modern games, Hex uses this rule. TwixT in tournament play uses a swap rule. In Meridians, the first player places 2 stones on the board before the second player chooses the color. The rule can be applied to other games which are otherwise solved for one player, such as Gomoku or Tablut. The rule gets its name from the divide and choose method of ensuring fairness in when dividing a pie between two people: one person cuts the pie in half, then the other person chooses which half to eat. The person cutting the pie, knowing that the other person will choose the larger piece, will make as equal a division as possible. This rule acts as a normalization factor in games where there may be a first move advantage. In games that cannot end in a draw, such as Hex, the pie rule theoretically gives the second player a win (since one of the players must have a winning strategy after the first move, and the second player can choose to be this player), but the practical result is that the first player will choose a move neither too strong nor too weak, and the second player will have to decide whether switching places is worth the first move advantage.
Пирог ережесі, кейде алмасу ережесі деп аталады, бірінші қозғалыс артықшылығы бар абстрактілі стратегиялық ойындарды теңестіру үшін қолданылатын ереже. Пирог ережесі қолданылатын ойынның бірінші қозғалысы жасалғаннан кейін екінші ойыншы екі нұсқаның бірін таңдауы керек:
Қозғалысты күшінде қалдыру. Екінші ойыншы екінші ойыншы болып қала береді және дереу қозғалады. Орын ауыстыру. Екінші ойыншы қарсыласы жасаған қозғалыспен бірінші қозғалысты жасайтын ойыншы болады, ал қарсылас өзінің жаңа түсімен бірінші қозғалысын жасайды. Ойынға байланысты орын ауыстырудың екі түрі болуы мүмкін. Түстерді ауыстыру – ойыншылардың фигураларын алмасуы. Бірінші қозғалысты жасаған ойыншы екінші ойыншы болады және тақтада екінші қозғалысты жасайды. Бұл шахмат диаграммаларында көрсетілген. Бірінші фигураны ауыстыру тақта бос күйде басталатын және бірінші қозғалыс бір фигураны орналастырудан тұратын ойындарда болуы мүмкін. Ақ және қара түстерді қарастырайық, қара бірінші фигураны орналастырады. Бұл фигура ақ үшін тиісті орындағы ақ фигурамен ауыстырылады, ал қара фигура қараның қорына қайтарылады. Hex немесе TwixT сияқты ойындарда тиісті орын жақын (немесе кез келген) диагональ бойынша «көштірілген» ұяшықта болады. Y сияқты бағытталмаған тақтасы бар ойындарда ақ тас сол жақтағы қара тасты алмастырады. Ойыншылар өздерінің түсті фигураларын сақтайды және ойын қараның келесі қозғалысымен жалғасады. Бұл түстерді ауыстырумен бірдей. Пирог ережесі алғаш рет 1909 жылы Манкала отбасынан шыққан ойын үшін хабарланған. Қазіргі заманғы ойындардың арасында Hex осы ережені қолданады. TwixT турнирлік ойындарда алмасу ережесін қолданады. Meridians ойынында бірінші ойыншы тақтаға 2 тас қояды, содан кейін екінші ойыншы түсті таңдайды. Бұл ереже Gomoku немесе Tablut сияқты бір ойыншы үшін шешілетін басқа ойындарға да қолданылуы мүмкін. Бұл ереже екі адамға пирогты бөліп беру кезінде әділдікті қамтамасыз ету әдісінен – бөліп, таңдау әдісінен атын алған: бір адам пирогты екіге бөледі, ал екінші адам қай жартысын жейтінін таңдайды. Пирогты кесетін адам, екінші адам үлкен бөлігін таңдайтынын білгенде, мүмкіндігінше тең бөлуге тырысады. Бұл ереже бірінші қозғалыста артықшылық болуы мүмкін ойындарда қалыптастырушы фактор ретінде әрекет етеді. Hex сияқты тең аяқталуы мүмкін емес ойындарда пирог ережесі теориялық тұрғыдан екінші ойыншыға жеңіс сыйлайды (өйткені бірінші қозғалыстан кейін жеңімпаз стратегиясы бар ойыншылардың біреуі болуы керек, ал екінші ойыншы осы ойыншыны таңдай алады), бірақ практикалық нәтиже – бірінші ойыншы тым күшті де, тым әлсіз те емес қозғалысты таңдайды, ал екінші ойыншы орын ауыстыру бірінші қозғалыстың артықшылығына тұрарлық па екенін шешуі керек.
+ A chess game using the pie rule, player 2's options in bold Player 1 plays first move as WhitePlayer 1
Player 2 ↙ ↘ Player 2 lets move stand Player 2 switches placesPlayer 1
Player 2Player 1
Player 2 Player 2 to playas Black, as before Player 1 to play again,now as Black
The pie rule, sometimes referred to as the swap rule, is a rule used to balance abstract strategy games where a first move advantage has been demonstrated. After the first move is made in a game that uses the pie rule, the second player must select one of two options:
Letting the move stand. The second player remains the second player and moves immediately. Switching places. The second player becomes the first moving player with the move already done by the opponent, and the opponent plays the first move of their new color. Depending on the game, there may be two ways to implement switching places. Switching colors means that the players exchange pieces. The player who made the first move becomes the second player and makes the second move on the board. This is demonstrated in the chess diagrams shown here. Switching the first piece can occur in games where the board starts empty and the first move consists of placing one piece. Suppose the colors are white versus black, and black places the first piece. This piece is replaced by a white piece in the corresponding location for white, and the black piece is returned to black's supply. In a game such as Hex or TwixT, the corresponding location is at a cell "reflected" across the nearest (or either) diagonal. In games such as Y, where the board is not directional, the white stone replaces the black stone in the same cell. Players keep their respective color pieces, and play continues with black making the next move. This is effectively the same as switching colors. The use of pie rule was first reported in 1909 for a game in the Mancala family. Among modern games, Hex uses this rule. TwixT in tournament play uses a swap rule. In Meridians, the first player places 2 stones on the board before the second player chooses the color. The rule can be applied to other games which are otherwise solved for one player, such as Gomoku or Tablut. The rule gets its name from the divide and choose method of ensuring fairness in when dividing a pie between two people: one person cuts the pie in half, then the other person chooses which half to eat. The person cutting the pie, knowing that the other person will choose the larger piece, will make as equal a division as possible. This rule acts as a normalization factor in games where there may be a first move advantage. In games that cannot end in a draw, such as Hex, the pie rule theoretically gives the second player a win (since one of the players must have a winning strategy after the first move, and the second player can choose to be this player), but the practical result is that the first player will choose a move neither too strong nor too weak, and the second player will have to decide whether switching places is worth the first move advantage.
Комиді Go-да анықтау үшін қолдану
Года бір ойыншы коми мөлшерін таңдай алады. (Бұл бірінші болып ойнамаған ойыншыға өтемақы ретінде берілетін ұпайлар.) Екінші ойыншы содан кейін оны қабылдауға немесе түстерді ауыстыруға шешім қабылдайды. Осылайша, ойыншылар комидің әділ мөлшерін таңдауға ұмтылады, себебі егер коми тым артық болса, екінші ойыншы ақ түспен ойнап, осы жоғары комиден пайда табуы мүмкін.