Панафрикалық тудың тарихы мен маңызы

Flag using the Pan African colours

The Pan African flag (also known as the Afro American flag, Black Liberation flag, UNIA flag, and various other names) is an ethnic flag representing pan Africanism, the African diaspora, and/or black nationalism. A tri color flag, it consists of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black, and green. The flag was created as a response to racism against African Americans in 1920 with the help of Marcus Garvey. The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA ACL) formally adopted it on August 13, 1920, in Article 39 of the Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, during its month long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Variations of the flag can and have been used in various countries and territories in the Americas to represent Garveyist ideologies.

June 19, 1865, is the date in which enslaved people in Galveston, Texas finally received the news of their freedom. This is commemorated every June 19 with Juneteenth, which is considered the longest running African American holiday. Many in the African American community have adopted the Pan African flag to represent Juneteenth. The Juneteenth holiday became an official federal holiday June 17, 2021 and does have its own flag, however, created in 1997the Juneteenth flag.

In the United States, following the refusal of a grand jury to indict a police officer in the August 9, 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, a Howard University student replaced the U. S. flag on that school's Washington, D. C. campus flagpole with a "black solidarity" flag (this tricolor) flying at half mast.

In February 2023, the Pan African flag was flown over the Denver Federal Center to commemorate Black History Month, which was the first time that flag was flown over any federal building. In Martinique, a new flag was raised which symbolises the same ties to Africa.

A number of flags of nation states in African and the Caribbean have been inspired by the UNIA flag. The Biafran flag is another variant of the UNIA flag with a sunburst in the center. Designed by the Biafran government and first raised in 1967, the colors are directly based on Garvey's design. The flag of Malawi issued in 1964 is very similar, reflects the Black Nationalist flag's order of stripes. It is not directly based on Garvey's flag, although the colors have the same symbolism: Red for blood symbolizing the struggle of the people, green for vegetation, and black for the race of the people. The Kenyan flag (Swahili: Bendera ya Kenya) is a tricolor of black, red, and green with two white fimbriations imposed, with a Masai shield and two crossed spears. It was officially adopted on 12 December 1963 after Kenya's independence, inspired by the pan African tricolour. The flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis has similar colors, arranged diagonally and separated by yellow lines. It similar to the Malawian flag in that the colors are not directly taken from the Pan African flag but the symbolism is the same.

In the 1960s The Us Organization redesigned the UNIA flag also changing order and significance of the colours to: black, red and green. Defining "black" for the people, "red" for struggle, and "green" for the future built "out of struggle". United States Postal Service issued a stamp in 1997 to commemorate the African American festival of Kwanzaa with a painting by artist Synthia Saint James of a dark skinned family wearing garments traditional in parts of Africa and fashionable for special occasions among African Americans. The family members are holding food, gifts, and a flag. The flag in the stamp may have been meant to represent the Pan African flag but instead used the similar flag (a black, red, and green horizontal tricolour) of the Black nationalist organisation Us Organization, which shares its founder, professor and activist Maulana Karenga, with Kwanzaa. The bendera (flag in the Kiswahili language) was documented as an supplemental symbol of Kwanzaa, in Karenga's 1998 book The African American Holiday of Kwanzaa, and included in ceremonial use during the festival.

In 1999, an article appeared in the July 25 edition of The Black World Today suggesting that, as an act of global solidarity, every August 17 should be celebrated worldwide as Universal African Flag Day by flying the red, black, and green banner. August 17 is the birthday of Marcus Garvey.