Діни философия: Наным мен ойдың байланысы

Philosophical thinking inspired by a particular religion

Religious philosophy is philosophical thinking that is influenced and directed as a consequence of teachings from a particular religion. It can be done objectively, but it may also be done as a persuasion tool by believers in that faith. Religious philosophy is concerned with the nature of religion, theories of salvation, and conceptions of god, gods, and/or the divine. Due to the historical development of religions, many religions share commonalities concerning their philosophies. These philosophies are often considered to be universal and include beliefs about concepts such as the afterlife, souls, and miracles.

Religious faith and philosophical reflection are connected to one another. Religious tradition influences the philosophical thinking and beliefs of followers of that religion. Many philosophical commonalities have arisen among religions due to their core historical foundations. For example, Abrahamic religions, which encompass Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i Faith, Yezidi, Druze, Samaritan, and Rastafari, share philosophical commonalities, although they differ in their presentation of these philosophical concepts through their respective religious texts. There are also philosophical concepts and reasoning in religious teachings that were conceived independently from one another, but are still similar and reflect analogous ideas. For example, the argument and reasoning for the existence of an omniscient god or multiple gods can be found in several religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Another example includes the philosophical concept of free will, which is present in monotheistic religions as well as polytheistic religions. and do not necessarily arise from cultural influence. Such religious concepts include beliefs concerning 'afterlife, souls, supernatural agents, and miraculous events'. Such religious philosophies include karma, divine immanent justice, or providence, and also encompass theological concepts such as Trinity in Christianity or Brahman in Hinduism. There are many notable contributors to the development of various ontological arguments. In the 11th century C. E., Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) reasoned in his work Proslogion about the existence of God in an ontological argument based on the idea that there is a 'being than which no greater can be conceived'. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) extracted components of philosophical teaching relevant to Christianity, using philosophy as a means to demonstrate God's existence. In his work Summa Theologica, Aquinas presents five arguments for the existence of God, known as 'quinque viae' or 'five ways'. In the 17th century, René Descartes (1596–1650) proposed similar arguments to those of Saint Anselm of Canterbury. For example, in his work Fifth Meditation, he provides an ontological argument based on the reasoning that if we are able to conceive the idea of a supremely perfect being (i. e., that we have an idea of a supremely perfect being), then, he claims, we are able to reach the conclusion that there exists a supremely perfect being. Two versions of Descartes' ontological argument exist:

An individual's perception of the concept of God influences their coping style. There are four main religiously affiliated coping mechanisms, as follows:
Self directing style: the individual does not involve God directly and instead individually adopts a problem solving method. Deferring style: the individual submits their issue and the required problem solving to God.

Religious philosophy influences many aspects of an individual's conception and outlook on life. For example, empirical studies concentrating on the philosophical concept of spirituality at or near the end of life, conducted in India, found that individuals who follow Indian philosophical concepts are influenced by these concepts in their 'perception of spirituality'. Considerations concerning medical care, death, diet, and pregnancy differ among followers of various religions due to their respective philosophies.

An individual's religious philosophy is important in the consideration of their medical care and medical decisions, and taking that into account improves the quality of their medical treatment. Religious philosophy is also a necessary consideration in the psychotherapeutic treatment of psychiatric disorders. Consideration of organ donation post death is related to an individual's religious philosophy.

Many religions hold philosophical value toward life of all forms and are thus completely against abortion. However abortion is tolerated in specific cases, such as rape or when the mother's life is in danger.

In Buddhist philosophies, much like Hindu philosophies, there is a morally negative view towards abortion in accordance to the Five Precepts. and therefore many Buddhists accept the idea of abortion if under the pretence of good intention.

Many religions follow dietary habits. For example, a vegetarian diet is adhered to by individuals who follow Buddhism, Hinduism, Seventh day Adventist. The emphasis on sanctity of all life in the ethical doctrine known as ahimsa (non injury to living beings) in Buddhist and Hindu philosophies encompass human as well as animal life, and influence this vegetarian tradition, with modern influence including the concept of reincarnation. For example, in Islam, meat must be from properly slaughtered 'clean' animals, known as halal, although it is forbidden to consume scavenger animals. Another example includes Jewish Kosher laws, where individuals must observe kosher food laws derived from Torah and Mishnah religious scripture texts.