Қытайлық «Чжан» тегінің тарихы мен мағынасы

Chinese surname
the less common surname 章

It is also the pinyin romanization of the less common surnames 章 (Zhāng), which is the 40th name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem. There is the even less common 仉 (Zhǎng). 張 was listed 24th in the famous Song era Hundred Family Surnames, contained in the verse 何呂施張 (He Lü Shi Zhang). Today, it is one of the most common surnames in the world at over 100 million people worldwide. 張 was listed by the People's Republic of China's National Citizen ID Information System as the third most common surname in mainland China in April 2007, with 87.50 million bearers. A commonly cited but erroneous factoid in the 1990 Guinness Book of Records listed it as the world's most common surname, but no comprehensive information from China was available at the time and more recent editions have not repeated the claim.

張 combines the Chinese characters (gōng, "bow") and (simp. , cháng, "long" or "wide"). It originally meant "to open up" or "to spread" as an arching bow, but as a common noun in modern use it is a measure word for flat objects such as paper and cloth, like the English "sheet of".

The traditional origin of the surname 張 (Old Chinese: *C. traŋ) is rooted in Chinese legend. The fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, Qing Yangshi , had a son Hui who was inspired by the Heavenly Bow constellation ([[:zh:弧矢, Tiān Gōng Xīng) to invent the bow and arrow. Hui was then promoted to "First Bow" (, Gōng Zhèng) and bestowed the surname 張, whichwhen broken into its constituent radicalsmeans "widening bow" or "archer". Its Middle Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as Trjang. the surname is also traced back to Long Youna, chief of a minority ethnic groups during the Three Kingdoms period, who was given the Chinese surname Zhang (張) by Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu.