Құдайдың қамқорлығы: 1864 жылғы Папалық енциклика және Қателер тізімі

1864 papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius IX

Quanta cura (Latin for "With how great care") was a papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius IX on 8 December 1864. In it, he decried what he considered significant errors afflicting the modern age. These he listed in an attachment called the Syllabus of Errors, which condemned secularism and religious indifferentism.

In August 1863, Count Charles Montalembert, a proponent of Liberal Catholicism gave a series of speeches in Mechelen, Belgium, in which he presented his view of the future of modern society and the Church. His first speech aimed to show the necessity of Christianizing the democracy by accepting modern liberties. His second speech dealt with liberty of conscience, and the conclusion he drew was that the Church could be in perfect harmony with religious liberty and with the modern state founded on that liberty, and that everyone is free to hold that the modern state is to be preferred to those which preceded it, such as Ancien Régime France. He received support from Engelbert Sterckx, Archbishop of Mechelen, and Félix Dupanloup, Bishop of Orléans. But Louis Édouard François Desiré Pie, Bishop of Poitiers, the papal nuncio to Belgium Bishop Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski, and the Jesuits who edited the "Civiltà Cattolica" were alarmed at these declarations. At the end of March 1864, he received a letter from Cardinal Giacomo Antonelli, Secretary of State, that criticized the Mechelen speeches. Quanta cura was prompted by the September Convention of 1864 between the emerging Kingdom of Italy and the Second French Empire of Napoleon III. French troops had occupied Rome to prevent the Kingdom of Italy from capturing the city, defeating the Papal States, and completing the unification of the Italian Peninsula under its rule. Italians supporting the Risorgimento (unification) viewed the French troops as an occupying army, and in the 1864 Convention, France agreed to withdraw its military garrison from Rome to France in anticipation of war with Prussia. Pius IX closed his encyclical with a plenary indulgence by declaring a Jubilee year for 1865.

Regarding the issues of civil control of education, and the separation of church and state, William George McCloskey first rector of the American College at Rome (and later Bishop of Louisville, Kentucky) observed wryly,It is consoling to think that Our Holy Father has in all his official acts a light of guidance from on High, for according to all the rules of mere human prudence and wisdom [Quanta cura] would be considered ill timed. It can hardly be doubted that it places us in a place of apparent antagonism, at least as far as our principles are concerned, to the [American] institutions under which we live and affords a great pretext to the fanatics who are eager to get up a crusade against us. God knows what is best for His church.

Quanta cura is remembered mostly because alongside it appeared the Syllabus of Errors, which condemns a number of political, religious, and philosophical ideas including liberalism, modernism, moral relativism, secularization, and religious freedom.