Лондон метросы: Барбикан станциясы тарихы

London Underground station

Barbican is a London Underground station situated near the Barbican Estate, on the edge of the ward of Farringdon Within, in the City of London in Central London. It has been known by various names since its opening in 1865, mostly in reference to the neighbouring ward of Aldersgate. The station is served by the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, and is situated between and Moorgate stations, in Travelcard Zone 1. Platform 2, serving westbound trains, is connected by a single lift to station on the Elizabeth line. Until 2009 Barbican was additionally served by Thameslink services to and from Moorgate.

Barbican station lies in an east–west aligned cutting with cut and cover tunnels at either end. The modern entrance gives access from Aldersgate Street, through a 1990s building,|group=note To the north of the station are the rears of buildings that face onto Charterhouse Street, Charterhouse Square and Carthusian Street. It was built on the site of an earlier building at 134 Aldersgate Street, which for many years had a sign claiming "This was Shakespeare's House". The building was very close to the nearby Fortune Playhouse, and a subsidy roll from 1598 shows a "William Shakespeare" as the owner of the property, however, there is no documentary evidence indicating they and the playwright were the same person. The station, which has no surface building, had its name shortened to Aldersgate on 1 November 1910 On 1 December 1968 the station's name was simplified to Barbican. This led to the removal of the upper floors, This urged John Betjeman to write his poem Monody on the Death of Aldersgate Station. Increasing traffic by other companies, including goods traffic, led to the track between King's Cross and Moorgate being widened to four tracks in 1868; the route was called the 'City Widened Lines'. Suburban services from the Midland Railway ran via Kentish Town and the Great Northern Railway ran via Kings Cross. British Rail services to Moorgate were initially steam operated before being converted to Cravens built diesel multiple units and British Rail Class 31 locomotives class hauling non corridor stock which remained in operation until the mid 1970s. Passenger trains from the Great Northern line, via the York Road and Hotel curves at King's Cross to the Widened Lines, ran until the Great Northern's electrification on 1976. The City Widened Lines were renamed the Moorgate line when overhead electrification was installed in 1982, allowing the Midland City Line service to run from Bedford via the Midland Main Line to Moorgate on the Thameslink service. The Thameslink platforms at Barbican were closed again in March 2009 as part of the Thameslink Programme to allow to have its main line platforms extended across Thameslink's Moorgate branch. As a result, Barbican now serves Underground lines only. The modern station is mostly open to the elements, Livestock for the market was at one time delivered by rail and there was a substantial goods yard under the site of the market. Platform 1 is the most northerly, serving eastbound London Underground services. Platforms 2 and 3 form an island platform, with platform 2 serving westbound services. Platforms 3 and 4 are out of use.

On 16 December 1866, three passengers were killed, a guard was seriously injured and one other person suffered shock when a girder collapsed onto a passenger train in the station. The accident was the first to include multiple passengers on the underground network. Four people died during the accident, and a fifth (a workman involved in the accident) died while awaiting trial. Service on the line was running again only 30 minutes after the accident. On 26 April 1897, a bomb exploded under a seat in a first class carriage in the station, injuring ten people of whom two died later. The perpetrators were never identified, but it was believed to have been part of a Fenian campaign following 3 other bombs in 1883 5.

The station is served by the Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle lines. All three lines share the same pair of tracks from Baker Street Junction to Aldgate Junction making this section of track one of the most intensely used on the London Underground network.

London Buses routes serve the station.