Кіріспе
Жобаны басқару процесі. Өнім сапасын тұрақты деңгейде ұстау процестері.
the project management process
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
Сапаны бақылау (СБ) – өндіріске қатысты барлық факторлардың сапасын тексеру арқылы жүзеге асырылатын процесс. ISO 9000 сапаны бақылауды «сапа талаптарын орындауға бағытталған сапа менеджментінің бір бөлігі» деп анықтайды. Бұл тәсіл үш аспектіге баса назар аударады (ISO 9001 сияқты стандарттарда бекітілген):
the project management process
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
* Шарлағыш, жұмыс менеджменті, анықталған және жақсы басқарылатын процестер, орындау және тұтастық критерийлері, жазбаларды анықтау.
* Білім, дағды, тәжірибе және біліктілік сияқты біліктілік.
* Адамдар, тұтастық, сенім, ұйымдық мәдениет, мотивация, ұжымдық рух және сапалы қарым-қатынас сияқты жұмсақ элементтер.
the project management process
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
Тексеру – сапаны бақылаудың маңызды бөлігі, онда физикалық өнім визуалды түрде тексеріледі (немесе қызметтің соңғы нәтижелері талданады). Өнім инспекторларына өнімнің жарылу немесе беткі ақаулары сияқты қабылдауға болмайтын ақауларының тізімі мен сипаттамасы беріледі. Келісімшарт бойынша жұмыс, әсіресе мемлекеттік органдар тапсырған жұмыс үшін сапаны бақылау мәселесі келісімшартты жаңартпаудың басты себептерінің бірі болып табылады. Сапаны бақылаудың ең қарапайым түрі – қажетті бұйымның эскизі. Егер эскиз бұйымға сәйкес келмесе, ол қарапайым «Жоқ/бар» процедурасы бойынша қабылданбайды. Алайда, өндірушілер көп ұзамай бөлшектерді дәл суреттегідей жасау қиын және қымбат екенін анықтады; сондықтан 1840 жылы толеранттылық шектері енгізілді, егер оның бөліктері шекте өлшенсе, дизайн жұмыс істейді. Осылайша сапаны дәл анықтауға арналған құрылғылар, мысалы, плагин өлшегіш пен сақина өлшегіш пайда болды. Алайда, бұл ақаулы бұйымдар мәселесін шешпеді; қалдықтарды қайта өңдеу немесе жою өнімнің құнын арттырады, сондай-ақ ақау деңгейін төмендетуге тырысу да қымбатқа түседі. Сапаны бақылау мәселелерін басымдыққа қою және оларды шешпеу немесе өндірісті жақсарту және тұрақтандыру үшін сапаны қамтамасыз ету әдістерін қолдануды анықтау үшін әртүрлі әдістер ұсынылды.
the project management process
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
| Толық сапаны бақылау (TQC) | 1956 | Арман В. Файгенбаумның «Harvard Business Review» мақаласында және осы аты бар кітабында танымал болды; өндіріске қоса, басқа да бөлімдердің (мысалы, бухгалтерлік есеп, дизайн, қаржы, адам ресурстары, маркетинг, сатып алу, сату) қатысуына баса назар аударады. |
|---|---|---|
| Статистикалық процесс бақылауы (СПБ) | 1960-жылдар | Жеке өндірістік процесті бақылау және осы процеске жауапты операторларға өнімділікті қайтару үшін бақылау диаграммаларын пайдалану; бақылау жүйелерінен әсер алды. |
| Компаниялық сапаны бақылау (КCБ) | 1968 | Жапондық үлгідегі толық сапаны бақылау. |
| Толық сапа менеджменті (TQM) | 1985 | АҚШ Қорғаныс министрлігінде пайда болған сапа қозғалысы. Ол (ішінара) статистикалық сапаны бақылау әдістерін үздіксіз ұйымдастырушылық жақсартуды жүргізу үшін қолданады. |
| Six Sigma (6σ) | 1986 | Бизнес стратегиясына статистикалық сапаны бақылау; Motorola компаниясымен құрылған. |
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ) | 2001 | Lean Six Sigma өндіріс және/немесе Lean Enterprise қағидаларымен қолданылды; Wheat және т.б. құрған. |
the project management process
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
|
| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
|
| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
|
| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
|
| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
the record label
Processes that maintain quality at a constant level
Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):
Elements such as quack, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships. Inspection is a major component of quality control, where physical product is examined visually (or the end results of a service are analyzed). Product inspectors will be provided with lists and descriptions of unacceptable product defects such as cracks or surface blemishes for example. For contract work, particularly work awarded by government agencies, quality control issues are among the top reasons for not renewing a contract. The simplest form of quality control was a sketch of the desired item. If the sketch did not match the item, it was rejected, in a simple Go/no go procedure. However, manufacturers soon found it was difficult and costly to make parts be exactly like their depiction; hence around 1840 tolerance limits were introduced, wherein a design would function if its parts were measured to be within the limits. Quality was thus precisely defined using devices such as plug gauges and ring gauges. However, this did not address the problem of defective items; recycling or disposing of the waste adds to the cost of production, as does trying to reduce the defect rate. Various methods have been proposed to prioritize quality control issues and determine whether to leave them unaddressed or use quality assurance techniques to improve and stabilize production. |
| Total quality control (TQC) || 1956 || Popularized by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a Harvard Business Review article and book of the same name; stresses involvement of departments in addition to production (e. g., accounting, design, finance, human resources, marketing, purchasing, sales)
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| Statistical process control (SPC) || 1960s || The use of control charts to monitor an individual industrial process and feed back performance to the operators responsible for that process; inspired by control systems
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| Company wide quality control (CWQC) || 1968 || Japanese style total quality control. |
| Total quality management (TQM) || 1985 || Quality movement originating in the United States Department of Defense that uses (in part) the techniques of statistical quality control to drive continuous organizational improvement
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| Six Sigma (6σ) || 1986 || Statistical quality control applied to business strategy; originated by Motorola
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| Lean Six Sigma (L6σ)|| 2001 || Six Sigma applied with the principles of lean manufacturing and/or lean enterprise; originated by Wheat et al. |}
Жобаларды басқаруда
Жоба басқаруда сапаны бақылау жоба менеджерінің және/немесе жоба тобының орындалған жұмысты жобаның мақсатына сәйкес келеді деп тексеруін қажет етеді. Көбінесе жобаларда осы мәселемен айналысатын арнайы сапаны бақылау тобы болады.
In project management, quality control requires the project manager and/or the project team to inspect the accomplished work to ensure its alignment with the project scope. In practice, projects typically have a dedicated quality control team which focuses on this area.