Введение
События 1837 года в Канаде.
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Events from the year 1837 in Canada.
Events from the year 1837 in Canada.
События
Попытки британцев объединить колонии Верхней и Нижней Канады привели к восстанию. Две отдельные попытки восстания, одна в Верхней Канаде и одна в Нижней Канаде, не смогли свергнуть укоренившуюся элиту. Наряду с общим ощущением, что правительство недемократично, неспособность исполнительного комитета заручиться доверием избранных должностных лиц привела к насильственным, но безуспешным восстаниям в Верхней и Нижней Канаде. Лидеры, Уильям Лайон Маккензи (реформаторы) и Луи-Жозеф Папино (патриоты), оба бежали в США.
British attempts to unite the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada lead to revolt. Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, William Lyon Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both escape to the U. S.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
Восстания в Верхней и Нижней Канаде. Мелкие предприниматели и фермеры выступили против торговой элиты, которая, будучи политическими лидерами, повышала налоги на имущество, тарифы и фрахтовые ставки для сбора средств на каналы. Подразделения чернокожего ополчения участвовали в подавлении восстания в Верхней Канаде. Британский парламент принял Закон о принуждении, конфисковал казначейство Нижней Канады. Чартисты организовали поддержку в Англии. Май – общие выборы в Ньюфаундленде 1837 года. 31 июля – Декларация Торонтских реформаторов, за которой последовали 200 городских собраний. 26 августа – лорд Госфорд объявил о приостановке работы парламента. Мистер Папино обнаружил копию на своем месте, вернувшись из зала аудиенций. Лорд Госфорд теперь убежден, что целью является установление республиканской формы правления в Канаде. Мировые судьи и офицеры ополчения были отстранены от должности, в том числе и мистер Папино. В Монреале начала выходить газета Le Populaire, чтобы успокоить общественное мнение, а в Квебеке – газета Liberal, подстрекательская публикация. Губернатор предупредил народ о восстании. Мессие Папино, Лафонтен, Жируар и Морен объезжали страну, подстрекая жителей. Была сожжена чучело губернатора. Мистер Лафонтен сказал: «Мы требовали реформ, но не получили их. Пора действовать». Лорд Госфорд предложил добавить семь французов в Законодательный совет и девять – в Исполнительный совет. Общество «Сыны свободы» (Société des Fils de la Liberté) тайно проводило учения и готовило боеприпасы, но многие французы оставались верными. Среди недовольных были доктор Нельсон, мессие Папино, Уилсон, Вигер, Лакост, Браун и Жиро. Обеспокоенный тем, как далеко зашло волнение, мистер Папино склоняется к конституционному решению – прекращению торговли с Англией, но доктор Нельсон заявляет, что пришло время действовать. Римско-католический епископ Лартиг из Монреаля проповедовал послушание власти как основополагающее правило Церкви. Римско-католический епископ Синье из Квебека предостерег свою паству от восстания и напомнил им, что даже во Франции, где суверенитет принадлежит народу, он принадлежит не его части, а всему населению; и «кто осмелится сказать, что все население этой страны желает свержения правительства?» Генерал Колборн быстро вооружил 600 жителей, и регулярные войска были вызваны из Нью-Брансуика. Ноябрь – Уильям Лайон Маккензи представил планы свержения правительства. 6 ноября – в Монреале клуб «Дорики» вступил в схватку с «Сынами свободы». Военные маршировали по улицам с оружием. 23 ноября – патриоты победили британскую армию в Сен-Дени, Нижняя Канада. В Сен-Дени полковник Гор с пятью ротами регулярных войск не смог вытеснить повстанца доктора Нельсона с 200 людьми, укрывшимися за стенами. Для безопасности мистера Папино убедили перейти границу. 24 ноября – Уильям Лайон Маккензи отдал приказ местным лидерам двинуться на Торонто 7 декабря. 25 ноября – британцы победили патриотов в Сен-Шарле и вернулись, чтобы сжечь Сен-Дени. 25 ноября – 400 человек под командованием полковника Уэзерлла разгромили большее число повстанцев, в результате чего около 100 были убиты, 372 ранены и 30 сдались. В Сен-Эсташе более 1200 повстанцев под командованием доктора Шенье и швейцарца Жиро сократились до 250. Священник попытался отговорить доктора Шенье, который ответил: «Я побежу или умру». Сэр Джон Колборн с двумя тысячами и артиллерией выиграл битву. Невооруженным последователям доктор Шенье сказал: «Не беспокойтесь, некоторые будут убиты – вы можете взять их мушкеты». Действительно, мушкетов хватает, но не хватает людей, чтобы ими пользоваться. Жиро застрелился. Т. С. Браун и доктор О'Каллаган перешли границу. В Сен-Бенои 250 человек сдались сэру Джону Колборну. Люди выразили благодарность за мир и пообещали верность. Мистер Лафонтен слишком поздно попросил губернатора созвать парламент. Он отказался. Аресты были произведены по обвинению в государственной измене. Ролф запаниковал и вывел войска 4 декабря. 2 декабря войска заняли Сен-Дени. 4 декабря – столкновение в таверне Монтгомери. См. https://web.archive.org/web/20080511160744/https://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/rebellions/1837f01.html
British attempts to unite the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada lead to revolt. Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, William Lyon Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both escape to the U. S.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
5 декабря – лорд Госфорд объявил о военном положении. 6 декабря – битва при заливе Миссискуа. 7 декабря – повстанцы были разбиты в Торонто. 7 декабря – лоялистское ополчение разгромило патриотов в Торонто. Уильям Лайон Маккензи бежал в США.
British attempts to unite the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada lead to revolt. Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, William Lyon Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both escape to the U. S.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
9 декабря – был захвачен Питер Мэтьюс. Чарльз Данкомб возглавил патриотическое восстание в округе Лондон. 13 декабря – было установлено революционное временное правительство на острове Неви. 13 декабря – генерал-губернатор Колборн возглавил британское наступление на страну Двух Гор, Нижняя Канада. 14 декабря – повстанцы были разбиты в Сен-Эсташе, Жан-Оливье Шенье был убит.
British attempts to unite the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada lead to revolt. Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, William Lyon Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both escape to the U. S.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
15 декабря – повстанцы сдались в Грейд-Брюле. 16 декабря – Уильям Лайон Маккензи занял остров Неви и провозгласил недолговечную Республику Канада. 29 декабря – патриотический пароход «Каролина» был сожжен в реке Ниагара у Ниагарского водопада. В течение этого года пар был принят в качестве движущей силы на железной дороге Шамплейн и Святого Лаврентия. В отличие от Верхней и Нижней Канады, другие канадские территории двинулись к ответственному правительству без восстания. Нью-Брансуик принял британское предложение разрешить их ассамблее больше контроля над доходами для оплаты зарплат государственных служащих и судей. Новая Шотландия согласилась на те же условия в 1839 году.
British attempts to unite the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada lead to revolt. Two separate rebellions, one in Upper and one in Lower Canada, fail to dislodge entrenched elites. Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, William Lyon Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both escape to the U. S.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.
Revolts in Upper and Lower Canada. Small businessmen and farmers against merchant elites who, as political leaders, are raising property taxes, tariffs and freight rates to raise money for canals. Black militia units participate in putting down the rebellion in Upper Canada. British parliament passes Coercion Bill, seizes Lower Canada treasury. Chartists organize support in England. May – 1837 Newfoundland general election. July 31 – Declaration of Toronto Reformers followed by 200 township meetings. August 26 – Lord Gosford prorogues Parliament by proclamation. Mr. Papineau finds a copy on his seat, on returning from the audience hall. Lord Gosford is now convinced that it is intended to institute a republican form of government, in Canada. Justices of the Peace and officers of Militia are removed from office: Mr. Papineau among them. The newspaper Le Populaire is started, at Montreal, to quiet the public mind; and, at Quebec, the Liberal, a seditious journal. The Governor warns the people against rebellion. Messrs. Papineau, Lafontaine, Girouard and Morin go through the country, exciting the inhabitants. An effigy of the Governor is burnt. Mr. Lafontaine says "We have demanded reforms, without obtaining them. It is time to be up and doing." Lord Gosford proposes adding seven Frenchmen to the Legislative Council and nine to the Executive Council. Société des Fils de la Liberté ("Sons of Liberty") secretly drill and prepare munitions; but many of the French remain loyal. Among the malcontents are Dr. Nelson, Messrs. Papineau, Wilson, Viger, Lacoste, Brown, and Girod. Alarmed at the length excitement has carried him, Mr. Papineau now inclines to the constitutional remedy of ceasing to trade with England, but Dr. Nelson declares that the time for action has come. The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church. The R. C. Bishop Signai, of Quebec, warns his flock against revolt, and reminds them that, even in France, where sovereignty resides in the people, it rests, not with a part, but with the whole population; and "who will dare to say that the whole population of this country desire the overthrow of the Government?" General Colborne speedily arms 600 inhabitants, and regulars are called from New Brunswick. November – William Lyon Mackenzie presents plans to overthrow the government. November 6 – In Montreal, the Doric Club come to blows with "Sons of Liberty." The military march through the streets with guns. November 23 – Patriotes defeat British army at St. Denis, Lower Canada. At St. Denis, Col. Gore, with five companies of regulars, fails to dislodge rebel Dr. Nelson, with 200 men, behind walls. For safety, Mr. Papineau is induced to cross the Line. November 24 – William Lyon Mackenzie delivers order to local leaders to march on Toronto December 7. November 25 – British defeat Patriotes at St. Charles and return to burn St. Denis. November 25 – Col. Wetherall's 400 defeat a larger number of rebels, of whom about 100 are killed, 372 wounded, and 30 surrender. At St. Eustache, over 1,200 rebels, under Dr. Chenier and Girod, a Swiss, dwindle to 250. A priest tries to dissuade Dr. Chenier, who replies, with a trea, "I will conquer, or die." Sir John Colborne, with 2,000 and field pieces, wins the battle. To unarmed followers Dr. Chenier has said: "Be easy; some will be killed – you can take their muskets." True, there are muskets to spare, but the men to use them are wanting. Girod shoots himself. T. S. Brown and Dr. O'Callaghan cross the Line. At St. Benoid, 250 men surrender to Sir John Colborne. People return thanks for peace, and promise loyalty. Mr. Lafontaine too tardily asks the Governor to summon Parliament. He refuses. Arrests are made on charge of High Treason. Rolph panics, calls troops out for December 4. December 2 – Troops occupy St. Denis. December 4 – Confrontation at Montgomery's Tavern. See https://web. archive. org/web/20080511160744/https://www. edunetconnect. com/cat/rebellions/1837f01. html
December 5 – Lord Gosford proclaims martial law. December 6 – Battle of Mississquoi Bay. December 7 – Rebels are defeated, at Toronto. December 7 – Loyalist militia defeats Patriots at Toronto. William Lyon Mackenzie escapes to the U. S.
December 9 – Peter Matthews captured. Charles Duncombe leads Patriot uprising in London District. December 13 – Revolutionary Provisional Government established at Navy Island. December 13 – Governor General Colborne leads British assault on Two Mountains Country, Lower Canada. December 14 – Rebels are defeated, at St. Eustache, Jean Olivier Chénier is killed
December 15 – Rebels surrender, at Grade Brule. December 16 – William Lyon MacKenzie occupies Navy Island and proclaims the short lived Republic of Canada. December 29 – The Patriot steamer "Caroline" is burned in the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. In the course of this year, steam is adopted as the motive power, on the Champlain & St. Lawrence Railway. Unlike Upper and Lower Canada, other Canadian territories move toward responsible government without rebellion. New Brunswick accepts the British offer to allow their assembly more revenue control over salaries of public servants and judges. Nova Scotia agrees to the same conditions in 1839.