Парижский вокзал Нор: История и модернизация

One of Paris's seven main railway stations

The Gare du Nord (ɡaʁ dy nɔːʁ; ), officially Paris Nord, is one of the seven large mainline railway station termini in Paris, France. The station is served by trains that run between the capital and northern France via the Paris–Lille railway, as well as to international destinations in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Located in the northern part of Paris near the Gare de l'Est in the 10th arrondissement, the Gare du Nord offers connections with several urban transport lines, including Paris Métro, RER and buses. It is the busiest railway station in Europe by total passenger numbers, and the busiest outside Japan. In 2015, the Gare du Nord saw more than 700,000 passengers per day. while the original complex was constructed between 1861 and 1864 on behalf of the Chemin de Fer du Nord company. The station replaced an earlier and much smaller terminal sharing the same name, which was operational between 1846 and 1860. A substantial refurbishment programme during the late 2010s and early 2020s will greatly redesign the station. The plans for this include a significant expansion of the station's footprint and ability to handle passengers, expanding onsite amenities and establishing a new departure terminal in preparation for the 2024 Summer Olympics. As a consequence of this redevelopment, the Gare du Nord will become the largest railway station in Europe.

The first Gare du Nord was constructed on behalf of the Chemins de fer du Nord company, which was managed by Léonce Reynaud, professor of architecture at the École Polytechnique. During 1843, the engineer Onfroy de Bréville, having been placed in charge of the first section of the company's proposed line between Paris and Amiens, produced a report that considered two different options for the terminal station. The engineer and architect Francois Leonce Reynaud was appointed to design the station itself. During the late 1850s, it had become clear that the original Gare du Nord would be far too small to accommodate the demands of a major terminal station, thus it was decided to replace it entirely. The decision to redevelop the station was considerably eased by the expense of doing so being shared between the company and the city. Accordingly, the station building was partially demolished in 1860 to provide space for the current station; the original station's façade was removed and transferred to Lille station (now Lille Flandres).

The SNCF has long sought to improve the station to better handle traffic, particularly following the expansion of high speed rail services during the 1990s and 2000s accompanied by rising passenger numbers. The changes to the Gare du Nord shall be substantial, expanding its footprint to roughly two and a half times its pre refurbishment footprint, turning it into the largest railway station in Europe. and Mr Bean's Holiday in 2007. The ending of the 2012 movie The Raven by James McTeigue takes place at the station. Scenes of Gossip Girl episode "Double Identity" were shot inside the Gare du Nord.

Gare du Nord is connected to the Paris RER network. Line B stops at tracks 42 and 43, while Line D stops at tracks 41 and 44. All four tracks are located on level 3, under the main station. Line B trains serve either Charles de Gaulle Airport or Mitry – Claye north of the city, and Antony (for Orly Airport), Massy Palaiseau (for Massy TGV) or Saint Rémy lès Chevreuse south of the city. Line D offers a quick connection between Gare du Nord and Gare de Lyon and many areas of south east Paris. Line D also operates to northern Paris, to Saint Denis and Creil. Both lines also serve Stade de France in Saint Denis. The RER station is directly connected to Magenta station, served by the RER E line. The underground connecting tunnel can be accessed from levels 1 or 2. The RER E offers a link between the Gare du Nord and Saint Lazare/Gare Saint Lazare and to eastern Paris, to Bondy, Chelles and Tournan en Brie.

The Gare du Nord station of the Paris Metro is served by lines 4 and 5 and can be reached through underground connecting tunnels can be accessed from levels 1 or 2. Both stations offer a connection between Gare du Nord and Gare de l'Est. There is also a connection to La Chapelle station on Line 2 of the Paris Metro. An underground connecting tunnel can be accessed on level 2.