Километр: единица измерения длины

Unit of length equal to 1,000 metres

The kilometre (SI symbol: km; '/k//ɪ//l//ə//m//iː//t//ər/ or /k//ɪ/'/l//ɒ//m//ə//t//ər/), spelt kilometer in American English and Philippine English, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousand metres (kilo being the SI prefix for 1000). It is the preferred measurement unit to express distances between geographical places on land in most of the world; notable exceptions are the United States and the United Kingdom where the statute mile is used. The abbreviation km is commonly used to represent kilometre. The abbreviation Km is not recommended by the BIPM. A slang term for the kilometre in the US, UK, and Canadian militaries is klick.

By a decree of 8 May 1790, the French National Constituent Assembly ordered the French Academy of Sciences to develop a new measurement system. In August 1793, the French National Convention decreed the metre as the sole length measurement system in the French Republic and it was based on millionth of the distance from the orbital poles (either North or South) to the Equator, this being a truly internationally based unit. The first name of the kilometre was "Millaire". Although the metre was formally defined in 1799, the myriametre (10000 metres) was preferred to the "kilometre" for everyday use. The term "myriamètre" appeared a number of times in the text of Develey's book Physique d'Emile: ou, Principes de la science de la nature, (published in 1802), while the term kilometre only appeared in an appendix. French maps published in 1835 had scales showing myriametres and "lieues de Poste (Postal leagues of about 4288 metres). The Dutch, on the other hand, adopted the kilometre in 1817 but gave it the local name of the mijl. It was only in 1867 that the term "kilometer became the only official unit of measure in the Netherlands to represent 1000 metres. Two German textbooks dated 1842 and 1848 respectively give a snapshot of the use of the kilometre across Europe: the kilometre was in use in the Netherlands and in Italy, and the myriametre was in use in France. In 1935, the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) officially abolished the prefix "myria " and with it the "myriametre", leaving the kilometre as the recognised unit of length for measurements of that magnitude.

Some sporting disciplines feature 1000 (one kilometre) races in major events (such as the Olympic Games). In some disciplines—although world records are catalogued—one kilometre events remain a minority. +1 km world records for various sporting disciplinesDisciplineNameTime (min:sec)LocationDateComments Running (M)Noah Ngeny2:11.96Rieti, Italy5 Sep 1999Not an Olympic eventRunning (F)Svetlana Masterkova2:28.98Brussels23 Aug 1996Not an Olympic eventSpeed skating (M)Pavel Kulizhnikov1:05.69Salt Lake City15 Feb 2020Speed skating (F)Brittany Bowe1:11.61Salt Lake City9 Mar 2019Track cycling (M)François Pervis56.303Aguascalientes, Mexico7 Dec 2013No official 1000 women's record