Канадская подводная лодка "Онондага": История и сохранение.

HMCS Onondaga (S73) is an that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and later the Canadian Forces. Built in the mid 1960s, Onondaga operated primarily with the Maritime Forces Atlantic until her decommissioning in 2000 as the last Canadian Oberon. Several plans for the disposal of the submarine were made and cancelled before the Site historique maritime de la Pointe au Père in Rimouski purchased the boat for preservation as a museum vessel. The submarine was moved into location during 2008, and is open to the public.

The Oberon class were considered an improved version of the preceding Porpoise class submarines, with a different frame of the pressure hull and constructed from a better grade of steel. These build differences allowed the Oberons to have a deeper diving depth at roughly 1000 feet (305 m). The boats were powered by a two shaft diesel electric system. The Oberons were equipped with two ASR 1 16 cylinder diesel engines creating and two English Electric motors creating This gave the submarines a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of The boats carried 258 tons of oil giving them a range of at 12 knots. The design was armed with eight 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, six in the bow and two in the stern. They carried 24 reloads for a total of 30 torpedoes. Canadian boats differed from the original design by being equipped for the US Mark 37C torpedo. The longer, wire guided Mod 2 version was carried in the forward tubes and the non guided Mod 0 for the rear tubes. The Oberons were equipped with Type 187 active passive sonar, Type 2007 passive sonar and Type 2019 sonar. In an effort to take the subs from anti submarine warfare training to frontline service, Maritime Command developed a refit program that included new sonars, periscopes, communications and fire control systems. They also had their armament upgraded with the fitting of torpedo tubes capable of firing the Mk 48 torpedo. This would allow the submarines to be deployed by NATO in the North Atlantic to monitor Soviet submarines. The SOUP refits comprised a new US fire control system, a digital Singer Librascope Mark I, and new Sperry passive ranging sonar with the Type 719 short range sonar removed. The new sonar was placed in the upper casing on the pressure hull. New communications and navigational systems were installed. Between 1980 and 1986, one of the Canadian Oberons was out of service undergoing the refit. SOUP came in on time and on its budget of C$45 million in 1986. SOUP kept the Canadian Oberons operating until the end of the 1990s when they were replaced by the British s.

In March 1962, the Cabinet recommended the purchase of three Oberons and eight frigates, on the condition that the cost of acquiring the submarines from the United Kingdom would be offset by British defence purchases in Canada. On 11 April 1962, the purchase was announced in the House of Commons of Canada by the Minister of National Defence, Douglas Harkness. However, the Conservative government postponed the acquisition of the Oberons due to the slow speed of the United Kingdom's attempt to offset the acquisition. The Conservative government was defeated in 1963 and the incoming Liberal government suspended all major defence procurement projects upon taking power. The final price of C$40 million for the entire contract was agreed upon in 1963. Since Onyx was already under construction, the boat was finished to Royal Navy specifications. All three boats received modifications to the original Oberon design, which included the enlargement of the snort de icer, a different weapons fit, a larger air conditioning unit, active sonar and different communications equipment. The three submarines were acquired for service as "clockwork mice", submarines used to train surface vessels in anti submarine warfare.

The submarine, built at Chatham Dockyard in England, was laid down on 18 June 1964, and launched on 25 September 1965. She was commissioned at Chatham on 22 June 1967. Onondoga spent time training with the Royal Navy after an exchange program was instituted in the 1960s that would see submarines from both the Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy spend time with each other's forces. This allowed Canadian submarines on intelligence gathering missions. Beginning in the 1970s, Canada began underwater surveillance patrols in the western Atlantic, tracking Soviet sub and surface fleet vessels, especially the ballistic missile submarines, usually in concert with a Canadair CP 107 Argus or Lockheed CP 140 Aurora patrol aircraft. Onondoga arrived at HMC Dockyard at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 18 January 1982 in preparation for her SOUP refit. The refit began on 25 June 1983 and was completed on 27 April 1984. Onondaga was decommissioned by Maritime Command on 28 July 2000.

In 2001, it was planned to cut Onondaga into pieces and reassemble her inside the Canadian War Museum. This plan was cancelled before the end of the year, because of the excessive cost. Instead of being scrapped, the submarine was purchased by the Site historique maritime de la Pointe au Père, Rimouski in 2006, for C$4 plus tax Onondaga project. Getting the submarine onto the marine railway required a high tide of , which would only occur during a 2 hour window on 2 August. The removal of torpedoes and batteries following decommissioning had significantly affected Onondagas displacement, and of water had to be pumped into the ballast tanks before the submarine could be safely towed. One of the tow bridles snapped before the tugboat and submarine left the harbour, causing a half day delay. On 12 July, submarine and tugboat were forced to divert via the Canso Canal to avoid Hurricane Bertha; a second tugboat was called in to help Onondaga traverse the locks. Onondaga arrived in Rimouski harbour on time for the 2 August high tide, but a heavy storm prevented the operation from occurring. The marine railway was extended further into the water to permit an attempt in September with a tide. The second attempt succeeded in half removing Onondaga from the water, but the submarine was not properly aligned with the support cradles. As the water receded overnight, the submarine rolled to the right and off the railway, puncturing the outer casing on a nearby boulder. A third attempt was made two weeks later, after the submarine was shored up and the cradles were replaced. Two tugboats were used to help position the submarine over the railway, but as the pull from shore started, one of the tugboats applied too much tension and pulled Onondaga back off.