Техники допроса: "Подавление гордости" – метод армии США для получения информации от пленных, основанный на атаке самооценки и стремлении к самооправданию.
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Введение
Техника допроса "Подавление гордости и эго" – термин, используемый в армии США для обозначения методов, применяемых допрашивающими для стимулирования сотрудничества заключенных, обычно заключающихся в "подрыве чувства собственного достоинства допрашиваемого" и в "попытке восстановить свою гордость, допрашиваемый, как правило, невольно предоставляет важную информацию, стремясь оправдать себя". В официальных документах указано, что подобные методы не должны выходить "за рамки, допустимые в отношении военнопленных".
Interrogation technique
Pride and ego down is a US Army term for techniques used by captors in interrogating prisoners to encourage cooperation, usually consisting of "attacking the source's sense of personal worth" and in an "attempt to redeem his pride, the source will usually involuntarily provide pertinent information in attempting to vindicate himself." Official documents state that such techniques should not go "beyond the limits that would apply to an EPW [enemy prisoner of war]."
Армейская определение FM 2-22.3
8 45. (Допрос) Подход, основанный на подавлении эмоциональной гордости и эго, заключается в атаке на самооценку или представление источника о себе. Источник, защищая свою гордость, раскрывает информацию, чтобы оправдать или рационализировать свои действия. Эта информация может быть ценной для выполнения задач по сбору данных или дать [человеческому интеллекту] сотруднику HUMINT представление о перспективности других подходов. Этот подход эффективен с источниками, проявившими слабость или чувство неполноценности. Реальный или мнимый недостаток, высказанный в адрес источника, его лояльность к организации или любая другая особенность могут послужить основой для данной техники. 8 46. Сотрудник HUMINT обвиняет источник в слабости или намекает на его неспособность что-либо сделать. Такой источник также склонен к оправданиям и рационализациям, часто перекладывая вину на других. Примером этой техники может служить начало сбора информации с вопроса: "Почему вы сдались так легко, когда могли бы бежать, переправившись через брод в реке неподалеку?" Источник, вероятно, предоставит основу для дальнейших вопросов или раскроет важную информацию, если попытается объяснить свою сдачу, чтобы оправдать себя. Он может ответить: "Никто не мог перейти брод, потому что он заминирован". 8 47. Цель состоит в том, чтобы сотрудник HUMINT использовал чувство гордости источника, атакуя его лояльность, интеллект, способности, лидерские качества, неряшливый внешний вид или любую другую воспринимаемую слабость. Это обычно побуждает источник к обороне, и он попытается убедить сотрудника HUMINT в его неправоте. В попытке восстановить свою гордость и объяснить свои действия, источник может предоставить важную информацию. Возможными объектами для подхода, основанного на подавлении эмоциональной гордости и эго, являются:
8 45. (Interrogation) The emotional pride and ego down approach is based on attacking the source's ego or self image. The source, in defending his ego, reveals information to justify or rationalize his actions. This information may be valuable in answering collection requirements or may give the [human intelligence] HUMINT collector insight into the viability of other approaches. This approach is effective with sources who have displayed weakness or feelings of inferiority. A real or imaginary deficiency voiced about the source, loyalty to his organization, or any other feature can provide a basis for this technique. 8 46. The HUMINT collector accuses the source of weakness or implies he is unable to do a certain thing. This type of source is also prone to excuses and rationalizations, often shifting the blame to others. An example of this technique is opening the collection effort with the question, "Why did you surrender so easily when you could have escaped by crossing the nearby ford in the river?" The source is likely to provide a basis for further questions or to reveal significant information if he attempts to explain his surrender in order to vindicate himself. He may give an answer such as, "No one could cross the ford because it is mined." 8 47. The objective is for the HUMINT collector to use the source's sense of pride by attacking his loyalty, intelligence, abilities, leadership qualities, slovenly appearance, or any other perceived weakness. This will usually goad the source into becoming defensive, and he will try to convince the HUMINT collector he is wrong. In his attempt to redeem his pride and explain his actions, the source may provide pertinent information. Possible targets for the emotional pride and ego down approach are the source's—
Loyalty. Technical competence. Leadership abilities. Soldierly qualities. Appearance. 8 48. There is a risk associated with this approach. If the emotional pride and ego down approach fails, it is difficult for the HUMINT collector to recover and move to another approach without losing his credibility. Also, there is potential for application of the pride and ego approach to cross the line into humiliating and degrading treatment of the detainee. Supervisors should consider the experience level of their subordinates and determine specifically how the interrogator intends to apply the approach technique before approving the interrogation plan.
Лояльность.
Техническая компетентность.
Лидерские способности.
Солдатские качества.
Внешний вид.
8 45. (Interrogation) The emotional pride and ego down approach is based on attacking the source's ego or self image. The source, in defending his ego, reveals information to justify or rationalize his actions. This information may be valuable in answering collection requirements or may give the [human intelligence] HUMINT collector insight into the viability of other approaches. This approach is effective with sources who have displayed weakness or feelings of inferiority. A real or imaginary deficiency voiced about the source, loyalty to his organization, or any other feature can provide a basis for this technique. 8 46. The HUMINT collector accuses the source of weakness or implies he is unable to do a certain thing. This type of source is also prone to excuses and rationalizations, often shifting the blame to others. An example of this technique is opening the collection effort with the question, "Why did you surrender so easily when you could have escaped by crossing the nearby ford in the river?" The source is likely to provide a basis for further questions or to reveal significant information if he attempts to explain his surrender in order to vindicate himself. He may give an answer such as, "No one could cross the ford because it is mined." 8 47. The objective is for the HUMINT collector to use the source's sense of pride by attacking his loyalty, intelligence, abilities, leadership qualities, slovenly appearance, or any other perceived weakness. This will usually goad the source into becoming defensive, and he will try to convince the HUMINT collector he is wrong. In his attempt to redeem his pride and explain his actions, the source may provide pertinent information. Possible targets for the emotional pride and ego down approach are the source's—
Loyalty. Technical competence. Leadership abilities. Soldierly qualities. Appearance. 8 48. There is a risk associated with this approach. If the emotional pride and ego down approach fails, it is difficult for the HUMINT collector to recover and move to another approach without losing his credibility. Also, there is potential for application of the pride and ego approach to cross the line into humiliating and degrading treatment of the detainee. Supervisors should consider the experience level of their subordinates and determine specifically how the interrogator intends to apply the approach technique before approving the interrogation plan.
8 48. Этот подход сопряжен с риском. Если подавление эмоциональной гордости и эго не удается, сотруднику HUMINT будет трудно восстановиться и перейти к другому подходу, не потеряв доверия. Кроме того, существует опасность, что применение подхода, основанного на гордости и эго, может перерасти в унизительное и оскорбительное обращение с задержанным. Руководители должны учитывать опыт своих подчиненных и четко определить, как допрашивающий намерен применять данную технику, прежде чем утверждать план допроса.
8 45. (Interrogation) The emotional pride and ego down approach is based on attacking the source's ego or self image. The source, in defending his ego, reveals information to justify or rationalize his actions. This information may be valuable in answering collection requirements or may give the [human intelligence] HUMINT collector insight into the viability of other approaches. This approach is effective with sources who have displayed weakness or feelings of inferiority. A real or imaginary deficiency voiced about the source, loyalty to his organization, or any other feature can provide a basis for this technique. 8 46. The HUMINT collector accuses the source of weakness or implies he is unable to do a certain thing. This type of source is also prone to excuses and rationalizations, often shifting the blame to others. An example of this technique is opening the collection effort with the question, "Why did you surrender so easily when you could have escaped by crossing the nearby ford in the river?" The source is likely to provide a basis for further questions or to reveal significant information if he attempts to explain his surrender in order to vindicate himself. He may give an answer such as, "No one could cross the ford because it is mined." 8 47. The objective is for the HUMINT collector to use the source's sense of pride by attacking his loyalty, intelligence, abilities, leadership qualities, slovenly appearance, or any other perceived weakness. This will usually goad the source into becoming defensive, and he will try to convince the HUMINT collector he is wrong. In his attempt to redeem his pride and explain his actions, the source may provide pertinent information. Possible targets for the emotional pride and ego down approach are the source's—
Loyalty. Technical competence. Leadership abilities. Soldierly qualities. Appearance. 8 48. There is a risk associated with this approach. If the emotional pride and ego down approach fails, it is difficult for the HUMINT collector to recover and move to another approach without losing his credibility. Also, there is potential for application of the pride and ego approach to cross the line into humiliating and degrading treatment of the detainee. Supervisors should consider the experience level of their subordinates and determine specifically how the interrogator intends to apply the approach technique before approving the interrogation plan.