9,10-Антрахинон: свойства и применение

Yellow chemical compound: building block of many dyes
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| Name = 9,10 Anthraquinone
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| C=14 | H=8 | O=2
| Appearance = Yellow solid
| Density = 1.438g/cm3
| BoilingPtC = 377
| BoilingPt ref = This process was pioneered by BASF. It also arises via the Rickert–Alder reaction, a retro Diels–Alder reaction.

Hydrogenation gives dihydroanthraquinone (anthrahydroquinone). Reduction with copper gives anthrone. Sulfonation with sulfuric acid gives anthroquinone 1 sulfonic acid, which reacts with sodium chlorate to give 1 chloroanthaquinone.

9,10 Anthraquinone is used as a digester additive in production of paper pulp by alkaline processes, like the kraft, the alkaline sulfite or the Soda AQ processes. The anthraquinone is a redox catalyst. The reaction mechanism may involve single electron transfer (SET). The anthraquinone oxidizes the reducing end of polysaccharides in the pulp, i. e., cellulose and hemicellulose, and thereby protecting it from alkaline degradation (peeling). The anthraquinone is reduced to 9,10 dihydroxyanthracene which then can react with lignin. The lignin is degraded and becomes more watersoluble and thereby more easy to wash away from the pulp, while the anthraquinone is regenerated. This process gives an increase in yield of pulp, typically 1–3% and a reduction in kappa number.

9,10 Anthraquinone is used as an electrolyte in flow battery which can provide long term electrical storage.

9,10 anthraquinone is used as a bird repellant on seeds, and as a gas generator in satellite balloons. It has also been mixed with lanolin and used as a wool spray to protect sheep flocks against kea attacks in New Zealand.

Several other isomers of anthraquinone are possible, including the 1,2 , 1,4 , and 2,6 anthraquinones. They are of comparatively minor importance. The term is also used in the more general sense of any compound that can be viewed as an anthraquinone with some hydrogen atoms replaced by other atoms or functional groups. These derivatives include substances that are technically useful or play important roles in living beings. Recently, a class of anthraquinone derivates were shown to have self healing properties when doped in PMMA matrix.

Anthraquinone has no recorded , probably because it is so insoluble in water. In terms of metabolism of substituted anthraquinones, the enzyme encoded by the gene UGT1A8 has glucuronidase activity with many substrates including anthraquinones.