Джеймс Хилтон: Жизнь и творчество английского писателя

British novelist and screenwriter (1900–1954)

James Hilton (9 September 1900 – 20 December 1954) was an English novelist and screenwriter. He is best remembered for his novels Lost Horizon, Goodbye, Mr. Chips and Random Harvest, as well as co writing screenplays for the films Camille (1936) and Mrs. Miniver (1942), the latter earning him an Academy Award.

Hilton was born in Leigh, Lancashire, the son of John Hilton, the headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow. He was educated at the Monoux School Walthamstow till 1914, then The Leys School, Cambridge, and then at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he wrote his first novel and was awarded an honours degree in English literature. He started work as a journalist, first for the Manchester Guardian, then reviewing fiction for The Daily Telegraph.

Hilton's first novel, Catherine Herself, was published in 1920 when he was still an undergraduate. This is true of Mr. Chips, but some of his novels had a darker side. Flaws in the English society of his time—particularly narrow mindedness and class consciousness—were frequently his targets. His novel We Are Not Alone, despite its inspirational sounding title, is a grim story of legally approved lynching brought on by wartime hysteria in Britain. Sigmund Freud, an early admirer despite his tepid reaction to The Meadows of the Moon, came to conclude that Hilton had wasted his talent by being too prolific. From 1948 to 1952, Hilton was also host of one of radio's prestige drama anthologies, Hallmark Playhouse. He also presented six episodes of Ceiling Unlimited (1943) and hosted The Hallmark Playhouse (1948–1953) for CBS Radio.

First published in 1933, this novel won Hilton the Hawthornden Prize in 1934. Later, Pocket Books, which pioneered the publication of small, soft cover, inexpensive books, picked Lost Horizon as its first title in 1939. For that reason, the novel is frequently called the book that began the "paperback revolution." Hilton is said to have been inspired to write Lost Horizon, and to invent "Shangri La" by reading the National Geographic articles of Joseph Rock, an Austrian American botanist and ethnologist exploring the southwestern Chinese provinces and Tibetan borderlands. Still living in Britain at the time, Hilton was perhaps influenced by the Tibetan travel articles of early travelers in Tibet whose writings were found in the British Library. Christian Zeeman, the Danish father of the mathematician Christopher Zeeman, has also been claimed to be the model for the hero of the story. He disappeared while living in Japan (where his son was born in 1925), and was reputed to be living incognito in a Zen Buddhist monastery. Some say that the isolated valley town of Weaverville, California, in far northern Trinity County, was a source, but this is the result of a misinterpretation of a comment by Hilton in a 1941 interview, in which he said that Weaverville reminded him of Shangri La. Coincidentally, Junction City (about 8 miles from Weaverville) now has a Tibetan Buddhist centre with the occasional Tibetan monks in saffron robes. The name "Shangri La" has become a byword for a mythical utopia, a permanently happy land, isolated from the world. After the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, when the fact that the bombers had flown from an aircraft carrier remained highly classified, U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt told the press facetiously that they had taken off from Shangri La. The Navy subsequently gave that name to an aircraft carrier, and Roosevelt named his presidential retreat in Maryland Shangri La. (Later, President Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed the retreat Camp David after his grandson, and that name has been used for it ever since.) Zhongdian, a mountain region of northwest Tibet, has been renamed Shangri La (Xianggelila), based on its claim to have inspired Hilton's book.

W. H. Balgarnie, a master at The Leys School, Cambridge and Hilton's father, headmaster of Chapel End School in Walthamstow, were the inspirations for the character of Mr. Chipping in Goodbye, Mr. Chips, a best seller. Hilton first sent the material to The Atlantic, and the magazine printed it as a short story in April 1934. On 8 June, it was published as a book. Four months later it appeared as a book in Britain.

Hilton wrote his two best remembered books, Lost Horizon and Goodbye, Mr. Chips, while living in a house at 42 Oak Hill Gardens, in Woodford Green in northeast London. The house still stands, with a blue plaque marking Hilton's residence. By 1938, he had moved to California, and his work became more connected with the Hollywood film industry. The same year, he married actress Galina Kopernak, but they divorced eight years later. He became an American citizen in 1948. was a New York Times Notable Book.

A furore was caused in the late 1990s, when Wigan Council (the Metropolitan Borough responsible for Leigh) announced that a blue plaque in honour of Hilton would be placed not on his house in Wilkinson Street, but on the town hall. This caused great debate amongst the populace of Leigh, which considered it more appropriate to have it on the house itself, which is only a few hundred yards from the town hall. Subsequently, in 2013, a blue plaque was affixed to his birthplace at 26 Wilkinson Street. In 1997, a blue plaque was erected on the wall of 42 Oakhill Gardens, Woodford Green, the modest semi detached house in which Hilton was living with his parents from 1921. James Hilton should not be confused with the Leigh businessman of the same name who became chairman of Leigh Rugby League Football Club after the war and after whom the club's former ground, Hilton Park (1947–2009), was named.