Введение
Палауз /p//ə/'/l//uː//s/ – племя сахаптинцев, признанное по Договору 1855 года с Соединенными Штатами вместе с племенем Якама. Переговоры по договору проходили на Совете в Уолла-Валле в 1855 году. Альтернативное написание – Палус. В настоящее время они зарегистрированы в составе федерально признанных Конфедеративных племен и групп нации Якама, а некоторые также представлены Конфедеративными племенами Колвилля, Конфедеративными племенами индейской резервации Уматилла и племенем Нез-Персе.
the district in India
The Palouse /p//ə/'/l//uː//s/ are a Sahaptin tribe recognized in the Treaty of 1855 with the United States along with the Yakama. It was negotiated at the 1855 Walla Walla Council. A variant spelling is Palus. Today they are enrolled in the federally recognized Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation and some are also represented by the Colville Confederated Tribes, the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and Nez Perce Tribe.
The Palouse /p//ə/'/l//uː//s/ are a Sahaptin tribe recognized in the Treaty of 1855 with the United States along with the Yakama. It was negotiated at the 1855 Walla Walla Council. A variant spelling is Palus. Today they are enrolled in the federally recognized Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation and some are also represented by the Colville Confederated Tribes, the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and Nez Perce Tribe.
Этнография
Это один из сахаптинских народов, проживающих на Колумбийском плато в восточном Вашингтоне, северо-восточном Орегоне и северном центральном Айдахо: к ним относятся нез-персе, кайюзы, уолла-уолла, уматилла и якама. Территория палуза (Palus) простирается от слияния рек Снейк и Кливвотер на востоке до слияния рек Снейк и Колумбия на западе. Она охватывала долину реки Палуз до озера Рок на севере и оставалась к северу от долины реки Туше на юге. На севере их территория граничила с синкиус-колумбийцами, споканами и кёр-д’ален; на востоке – с нез-персе; на юге – с кайюзами и уолла-уолла; а на западе – с восточной границей территорий якама и ванапум. Палуза (Palus) жили в трех основных региональных группах, состоящих из нескольких поселенческих общин:
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Верхняя группа палуза (Palus): часто образовывала двуязычные поселенческие общины с группой альмотипу и группой альповна (альповай) народа нез-персе. Экспедиция Льюиса и Кларка называла их чопунниш (Nez Percé). Их поселения вдоль реки Кливвотер (с запада на восток) – Пинавави/Пинавави (Penawawa) («выход из кустарниковой местности к рыбе»), Виткиспе (Witkispu), Вавави/Вавави (Wawawai) («место комаров»), Аламотин/Аламотин (Almota) («подобное пламени») и Альпова (Alpowa) («общая рыболовная зона») – были идентифицированы американцами и в договорах как «поселения нез-персе», поэтому их земли были включены в индейскую резервацию нез-персе. Сегодня часть входит в «Конфедерацию племен резервации Колвилл» и «Племя нез-персе». «Палуза из Пинавави/Пинавави (Penawawa)» были идентифицированы как группа Пиневевикспу (Pinăwăwipu) нез-персе, «Палуза из Виткиспе (Witkispu)» – как группа Виткиспу нез-персе, «Палуза из Вавави/Вавави (Wawawai)» – как группа Вававипу нез-персе, «Палуза из Аламотина/Аламотина (Almota)» – как группа Альмотипу нез-персе, а «Палуза из Альповы (Alpowa)» – как группа Альповна (Альповай) нез-персе.
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Средняя группа палуза (Palus): жила вдоль реки Палуз, Нижней реки Кливвотер и реки Туканнон. Их главная деревня Палуша/Палуса на стыке рек Палуз и Снейк, примерно в 6 км ниже по течению от водопада Палуз (Апутапут – «падающая вода»), дала название всему племени палуза. Они часто были союзниками «группы Пикунан (Пикунин)» нез-персе. Экспедиция Льюиса и Кларка называла их «Пеллоатпалла (Нез Персе)». Большинство из них сейчас входит в «Конфедеративные племена и группы нации якама», меньшинство – в «Конфедеративные племена резервации Колвилл».
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Нижняя группа палуза (Palus): жила вдоль Нижней реки Снейк до ее слияния с рекой Колумбия в районе современной столичной области Три-Сити. Экспедиция Льюиса и Кларка называла их «Сокулки» и «Чимнапумы». Поздние историки также идентифицировали их как «нез-персе». Сейчас они входят в «Конфедеративные племена и группы нации якама».
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Предки были кочевниками, следуя за источниками пищи в течение сезонов. Народ палуза собирался с другими коренными народами для таких мероприятий, как сбор пищи, охота, рыбалка, пиршества, торговля и празднества, включавшие танцы, спорт и азартные игры. Они жили рядом с другими группами, включая народы нез-персе, ванапум, уолла-уолла, уматилла и якама.
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Современное племенное название, вероятно, происходит от обозначения самой многочисленной из трех региональных групп народа палуза/палус – «Средняя группа палуза/палус» – как Палушпам, «народ Палуш-са/Палуса [одно из их важнейших поселений]». Соседние нез-персе также называли их Палуш-са/Пэлуцпу, а якама – Палушпам/Пэлушпэм, оба названия означают «народ Палуш-са/Палуса». Их правильным самоназванием было Наксиямтама или Наха’ампу/Наха’у’умпу’у – «народ реки».
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Этот народ был искусными наездниками. Термин «аппалуза», вероятно, произошел от термина «палузская лошадь». Они разводили лошадей с характерной окраской. Во второй половине XIX века армия Соединенных Штатов захватила и уничтожила сотни лошадей племени, чтобы ослабить его во время индейских войн.
The people are one of the Sahaptin speaking groups of Native Americans living on the Columbia Plateau in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, and North Central Idaho: these included the Nez Percé, Cayuse, Walla Walla, Umatilla and the Yakama. The Palouse (Palus) territory extends from the confluence of the Snake and Clearwater Rivers in the east to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers in the west. It encompassed the Palouse River Valley up to Rock Lake in the north and stayed north of the Touchet River Valley in the south. To the north, their territory bordered the Sinkiuse Columbia, Spokane, and Coeur d'Alene; to the east, their territory bordered the Nez Perce; to the south, the Cayuse and Walla Walla; and to the west, they bordered the eastern boundary of the Yakama and Wanapum territories. The Palouse (Palus) lived in three main regional bands, composed of several village based groups:
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
Upper Palouse (Palus) Band: often formed bilingual village communities with the Almotipu Band and Alpowna (Alpowai) Band of the Nez Perce people, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as Chopunnish (Nez Percé), their villages along the Clearwater River (from west to east) Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) ("coming out of bushy area to fish"), Witkispe (Witkispu), Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) ("place of mosquitoes"), Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) ("soaring flame") and Alpo’wa (Alpowa) ("total area of fishing") were identified by Americans and in treaties as "Nez Percé villages" and therefore their lands were included into the Nez Perce Indian Reservation; today part of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation" and "Nez Perce Tribe". The "Pinăwăwi/Pinawa’wi (Penawawa) Palouse" were identified as Pinewewixpu (Pinăwăwipu) Nez Perce Band, the "Witkispe (Witkispu) Palouse" as Witkispu Nez Perce Band, the "Wawawi/Wawáwi (Wawawai) Palouse" as Wawawipu Nez Perce Band, the "Alamotin/Alamo’tin (Almota) Palouse" as Almotipu Nez Perce Band, and the "Alpo’wa (Alpowa) Palouse" as Alpowna (Alpowai) Nez Perce Band. Middle Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Palouse River, Lower Clearwater River and along the Tucannon River, their main village Pa luš sa/Palus at the junction of Palouse and Snake River about 4 mi (6 km) downstream from the Palouse Falls (Aputaput "Falling Water") gave its name to the entire Palouse tribe, often allies of the "Pikunan (Pikunin) Band" of the Nez Percé, the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as the "Pelloatpallah (Nez Percé)", the majority are now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation", a minority of the "Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation". Lower Palouse (Palus) Band: lived along the Lower Snake River to its confluence with the Columbia River near the present day Tri Cities metropolitan area; the Lewis and Clark Expedition referred to them as "Sokulks" and "Chymnapums"; later historians also identified them as "Nez Percé," now part of the "Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation". The ancestral people were nomadic, following food sources through the seasons. The Palus people gathered with other native peoples for activities such as food gathering, hunting, fishing, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included dancing, sports and gambling. They lived near other groups including the Nez Perce, Wanapum, Walla Walla, Umatilla and Yakama peoples. The present tribal designation probably derives from the proper designation of the most populous of the three regional bands of the Palouse/Palus people the ″Middle Palouse/Palus Band″ as Palúšpam "people of Pa luš sa/Palus [one of their most important settlements]", the neighboring Nez Percé also called them Pa loots poo/Pelú`cpu/Peluutspu and the Yakama Palúuspam/Pelúuspem both meaning "people of Pa luš sa/Palus", their proper autonym was Naxiyamtama or Naha’ámpoo/Naha'u'umpu'u “the river people”. The people were expert horsemen. The term Appaloosa is probably a derivation of the term "A Palouse horse." They bred the horses for their distinct markings. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, the United States Army captured and slaughtered hundreds of tribal horses to cripple the tribe during the Indian Wars.
История
В октябре 1805 года Льюис и Кларк встретились с племенем, хотя большинство из них отсутствовали в этом районе, занимаясь осенним сбором продовольствия и охотой. Льюис и Кларк вручили одному из вождей, Кепоухану, одну из серебряных медалей мира, изготовленных для экспедиции. В "Дневниках Корпуса открытия" этот народ описывается как отдельная и отличная группа от Не-Персе. После Кепоуана, в течение десятилетий 1830-х, 1840-х и 1850-х годов, лидерами были Ватайватайхоулис (сын Кепоуана и, вероятно, главный вождь), Кахлотус (известный также как Квелаптип и Талатуче, вождь Верхнего Палуза), Соэи (вождь Среднего Палуза), Нехталекин (также называемый Хахталекин Старший), Тилкоакс (вождь Нижнего Палуза), Хинмахтэкаутеккит, также известный как Джеймс (один из первых, кто принял христианство, друг Генри Х. Спэлдинга и Маркуса Уитмена, часто ассоциировался с группой Нимипу из Холлосетоте). Они возглавляли народ Палуза до заключения договора с Исааком I. Стивенсом в 1855 году, когда Палуза отказались участвовать, но отправили в качестве наблюдателей Кахлотуса (уже дружившего с Маркусом Уитманом), Тилкоакса (военного вождя) и Хахталекина Старшего; Хахталекин Старший и Тилкоакс возглавили воинов Палуза против войск США во время восстания Кайюзов в 1847–1848 годах, разгромив полковника Корнелиуса Гиллиама и его "Орегонских добровольцев" на ручье Туканнон (14–15 марта 1848 года). В 1858 году Тилкоакс вновь возглавил воинов Палуза в "Войне Скитсуиш (Код’Ален)": в мае 1858 года Палуза сумели захватить стадо лошадей армии, но 8 сентября 1858 года их собственное стадо из 800 лошадей было уничтожено солдатами полковника Джорджа Райта, после чего они сдались. Хусишусис Куте, вождь Палуза Вававай, и "Молодой" Хатлалекин (также известный как Такцсукт Йлппилп), военный вождь, возглавили небольшой отряд Палуза в качестве союзников последнего свободного Нимипу, Хейнмота Туялакета, известного как "Вождь Джозеф"; "Молодой" Хатлалекин погиб в бою 9 августа 1877 года при Биг-Хоул; Хусишусис Куте сдался вместе с Хейнмотом Туялакетом 5 октября 1877 года.
In October 1805, Lewis and Clark met with the tribe, although most were away from the area for fall food gathering and hunting. Lewis and Clark presented one of the expedition's silver peace medals to paramount Chief Kepowhan. The Diaries of the Corps of Discovery describe the people as a separate and distinct group from the Nez Percé. After Kepowhan, during the decades 1830', 1840', 1850, Wattaiwattaihowlis (Kepowhan's son and probably principal chief), Kahlotus (known also as Quelaptip and Talatuche, chief of the Upper Palouse), Soei (chief of the Middle Palouse), Nehtalekin (called also Hahtalekin the Elder), Tilcoax (chief of the Lower Palouse), Hinmahtutekekaikt alias “James” (one among the first to be Christianized, friend to Henry H. Spalding and Marcus Whitman, often associated to the Nimiipu band of Hollolsotetote), were the leaders until the Isaac I. Stevens Treaty in 1855, when the Palouse refused to take part but sent, as observers, Kahlotus (already a good friend to Marcus Whitman), Tilcoax (a war chief) and Slyotze; "Old" Hathalekin and Tilcoax led the Palouse warriors against the U. S. troops during the Cayuse's uprising in 1847–1848, defeating col. Cornelius Gilliam and his "Oregon Volunteers" on the Tucannon Creek (March 14–15, 1848). In 1858 Tilcoax led again the Palouse warriors in the "Skitswish (Coeur d'Alene) War": in May 1858 the Palouses succeeded in taking possession of an herd of Army's horses, but, on September 8, 1858, their own herd of 800 horses was slaughtered by col. George Wright's soldiers, and they surrendered. Husishusis Kute, chief of the Wawawai Palouse, and "Young" Hathalekin (also known as Taktsoukt Jlppilp), war chief, led a small Palouse band as allies of the last free Nimiipu of Heinmot Tooyalaket alias "Chief Joseph"; "Young" Hathalekin died fighting on August 9, 1877, at Big Hole; Husishusis Kute surrendered with Heinmot Tooyalaket on October 5, 1877.