Хиям: История и современность ливанского города

City in Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon

Khiam (الخيام; sometimes spelled Khiyam) is a large town in the Nabatieh Governorate of Southern Lebanon.

Khiam is situated approximately south from the capital city of Beirut and south east from the city of Nabatieh. The border with Israel is to the south. Khiam lies at a height of above sea level.

E. H. Palmer wrote that the name means "The tents".

In 1596, it was named as a village, Hiyam, in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 111 households and 7 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid a tax on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 6,914 akçe. In 1838, Eli Smith noted it as el Khiyam; a Metawileh, "Greek" Christian and Maronite village in Merj 'Ayun. In 1875, Victor Guérin visited: "El Khiam contains two quarters: the one on the south, with a population of 700 Metawileh, and the other on the north, with 600 Christians, divided into Maronites, Greek Orthodox, and Greek Catholics, with some Protestants, who have founded a chapel and a school." In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as: "A village, north east of the Merj Ayun, built of stone, containing about 300 Christians and 200 Druzes. It contains a white round Moslem holy place and a modern church. It is situated on a low ridge, surrounded by figs, olives, and arable. The water supply is from three rock cut cisterns, one birket, and the good spring of 'Ain ed Derdarah."

During the 1990s, Khiam became known for the Khiam Prison, operated by the Israeli backed South Lebanon Army during the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon. Lebanese Muslim civilians were exposed to torture by Israeli and Lebanese agents in this camp and faced indefinite detention once arrested. The prison was captured by Hezbollah during the Battle of Khiam in 2000, shortly before the Israeli withdrawal from South Lebanon. The town saw a major confrontation between the Israeli Army and Hezbollah fighters in the 2006 Lebanon War, during which a United Nations post was bombed by the Israeli Army killing four United Nations Military Observers.