Lancia Fulvia: История, Конструкция и Модификации

The Lancia Fulvia (Tipo 818) is a car produced by Lancia between 1963 and 1976. Named after Via Fulvia, the Roman road leading from Tortona to Turin, it was introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in 1963 and manufactured in three variants: Berlina 4 door saloon, 2 door Coupé, and Sport, an alternative fastback coupé designed and built by Zagato on the Coupé floorpan. Fulvias are noted for their role in motorsport history, including a 1972 win of the International Rally Championship. Road & Track described the Fulvia as "a precision motorcar, an engineering tour de force".

The Fulvia Berlina was designed by Antonio Fessia, to replace the Lancia Appia with which it shared almost no components. The Appia was a rear wheel drive car, however, while the Fulvia moved to front wheel drive like the Flavia. The general engineering design of the Fulvia was identical to that of the Flavia with the major exception of the engine, the Flavia having a four cylinder horizontally opposed engine and the Fulvia a 'Narrow Angle' vee configuration as featured on most production Lancias from the Lambda. The Fulvia used a longitudinal engine mounted in front of its transaxle. An independent suspension in front used wishbones and a single leaf spring, while a beam axle with a panhard rod and leaf springs was used in back. Four wheel Dunlop disc brakes were fitted to first series Fulvias. With the introduction of the second series in 1970 the brakes were uprated with larger Girling calipers all round and a brake servo. The handbrake design was also changed using separate drums and brake shoes operating on the rear wheels.

The Fulvia's narrow angle DOHC Lancia V4 engine was mounted well forward at a 45° angle. A new design, by Zaccone Mina, its unusually narrow 12° V allowed a single cylinder head to cover all the cylinders, with one cam each for intake and exhaust valves. Displacement started out at just 1091 cc, with a 72 mm bore and 67 mm stroke. Fitted with a single carburettor it produces A higher (9.0:1) compression ratio and twin Solex carburettors raised power to soon after. The engine was bored to 76 mm for the 1216 ccHF model. With additional tuning output was raised from
The engine was re engineered with a slightly narrower bank angle (from 12°53'28" down to 12°45'28") and longer (69.7 mm) stroke for 1967. Three displacements were produced: 1199 cc (74 mm bore), 1231 cc (75 mm bore), and 1298 cc (77 mm bore). The new 1298 cc engine was produced in two versions; the type 818.302 produced at 6000 rpm and was fitted to first series Coupés, Sports and Berlina GTE and later to the second Series Berlina. The Type 818.303 was first produced with and was fitted to the first series Coupé Rallye S and Sport S. For the second Series Coupé and Sport power was slightly reduced to at 6000 rpm. The 1199 cc engine was only fitted to the Berlina sold in Greece. The engine was completely reworked for the new 1.6 HF with an even narrower angle (now 11°20') and longer 75 mm stroke combined with a bore of 82 mm gave it a displacement of 1584 cc, and power ranged from depending on tune.

The Fulvia Sport was a fastback two seater based on Coupé mechanicals, built for Lancia by Zagato — where it had also been designed, by Ercole Spada. Inside it reprised the wood trimmed dashboard of the coupé, and featured two small bucket seats of Zagato's own design. The prototype reprised the lines of the Fulvia Sport, but was built on a ; the soft top folded underneath a flush tonneau cover. It was built with a fastback berlinetta body designed by Tom Tjaarda, using a Fulvia Rallye 1.6 HF Fanalone floorpan and mechanicals.

The Dunja 1.6 HF was a concept car with kammback coupé body based on Fulvia 1600 HF mechanicals, first shown on the Glasurit stand at the 1971 Turin Motor Show. Commissioned by Glasurit, it was designed by Aldo Sessano and built by Turinese coachbuilder Carrozzeria Coggiola

In 2003 the Fulvia name was used on a concept car, the Lancia Fulvia Coupé Concept, inspired by the original 1965 Coupé. Based on the Fiat Barchetta and designed by Centro Stile Lancia under the direction of Flavio Manzoni working with , the car made its début at the September 2003 Internationale Automobil Ausstellung in Frankfurt am Main. The two seater cabin was upholstered in Testa di moro (dark brown) leather and trimmed in Tanganika wood, contrasting with the tree layer Avorio (ivory) exterior paint colour. The prototype was front wheel drive, weighed , and was powered by a transverse mounted 16 valve 1.8 litre VVT, inline four engine which could propel the vehicle from in 8.6 seconds and to a top speed of The suspension uses MacPherson struts at the front and trailing arms at the rear; electronic control systems were limited to ABS. Despite the needs of a possible production model having been considered during development, Lampinen/Andreasson at the Rallye du Maroc, and Ballestrieri/Bernacchini at the Rallye Sanremo. In 1973 Lancia did not score any podium finishes valid for that year's first ever World Rally Championship season; though at the hands of Munari, the Fulvia won its second European Rally Championship, after the 1969 victory by Harry Källström. During the 1974 season the ageing Fulvia was replaced in rallying by the Lancia Stratos HF. That year Lancia won its second World Championship, also thanks to points scored by the Fulvia in the first rallies—such as the third place Munari caught in the gruelling East African Safari Rally.

The Fulvia Sport was prepared and raced by several privateers in track events. During 1968 Zagato built 27 Sport Competizione competition versions, as well as two specials which later became known as Sport Daytona. These were modified with twin, different sized round headlamps under flush Plexiglas covers, a mesh front grille, widened fenders, Plexiglas side and rear windows, quick fill fuel cap, and a 155 PS engine. The roof and about of rear bodywork were cut away; heating, interior trim, the passenger seat, and the inner pair of headlamps were removed, while the fuel tank took place of the rear bench seat. In spite of the chassis bracing needed to preserve rigidity without the roof, the car resulted lighter than the coupé; the suspension had to be retuned to compensate for the lighter weight, and one leaf was removed from the front spring. The car was christened Fulvia HF F&M Special, where F and M stood for the initials of Lancia team manager Cesare Fiorio and of Maglioli. The barchetta's first major race entry was the 1969 Targa Florio. Sandro Munari and Rauno Aaltonen drove one to a ninth overall placement as well as to a class victory.