Домарк: от настольных игр к Eidos Interactive

British video game publisher

Domark found further success with computer conversions of board games: Trivial Pursuit was becoming increasingly popular, so Domark got into contact with games publisher Leisure Genius, which had found success with board game conversions. Leisure Genius was skeptical about a conversion of Trivial Pursuit, and Domark hired Oxford Digital Enterprises to develop it instead. Released in 1986, the Trivial Pursuit sold roughly 2 million copies. The success allowed Domark to move into proper offices and hire more employees. Domark released further Trivial Pursuit and James Bond games in the years following. The company also got into arcade game conversions in 1987 when Wheatley, alone at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, encountered Manlio Allegra, an agent for companies including Atari Games. Allegra wanted Domark to produce conversions for as many games as possible but Wheatley claimed that the company had only to spend. Allegra then went through a list of games to be licensed at low prices and Wheatley stopped him when he mentioned the Star Wars trilogy of games. They agreed on a license for Wheatley's claimed budget. To have the games developed, Domark brought a German programmer to England, who had previously developed Star Wars for Amiga. Domark released its versions later in 1987, and they became so successful that the first royalty cheque paid to Atari Games two months later amounted to Impressed with this return, Atari Games hired Domark as the exclusive partner for computer conversions of arcade games. With sufficient funds, the company published various games through the rest of the 1980s. It set up an internal development team, The Kremlin, within its Putney headquarters in 1990 and expanded to 20 employees by 1992. In the same year, Livingstone joined Domark's board as an investor, while Wheatley moved with his wife and two children to the US to better manage the company's American contacts. A US subsidiary for Domark was formally established in Silicon Valley in 1993. The new company was floated on the London Stock Exchange as Eidos that year. Livingstone became executive chairman and Strachan left Domark in that year. Eidos took over CentreGold in April 1996 for CentreGold consisted of distributor CentreSoft and publisher U. S. Gold, which included development subsidiaries Core Design and Silicon Dreams Studio. Eidos Interactive's first major title was soon to be released Tomb Raider by Core Design, which CentreGold had itself acquired two years prior. Silicon Dreams Studio was re acquired by its founder, Geoff Brown, through newly founded Geoff Brown Holdings (later Kaboom Studios), on 16 December that year. In 1997, Wheatley left the company to move back to Britain and focus on other projects. Eidos acquired developer Crystal Dynamics in September 1998. In 1999, Eidos acquired a 51% stake in Ion Storm, in exchange for advances to the developers, and a $55m stake in web portal company Maximum Holdings. Eidos founder Stephen B. Streater resigned as director in June and went on to found Forbidden Technologies. The following year Eidos CEO Cornwall left the company to focus on technology and mining interests and was succeeded by former COO Michael McGarvey. A publicised takeover bid from Infogrames Entertainment failed to materialize in October 2000. In January 2002, Eidos established label Fresh Games for games localised from Japan, with titles including Mister Mosquito, Mad Maestro! and Legaia 2: Duel Saga. Livingstone stepped down as chairman and became creative director in September 2002. In 2003, Eidos founded Beautiful Game Studios inside their headquarters, which continued its Championship Manager series after splitting with previous developer Sports Interactive. In March 2004, Eidos acquired Danish developer IO Interactive, which was developing published title Hitman: Contracts. Ion Storm was closed in February 2005. Elevation stated it plans to take Eidos private for some years to focus on game creation and release schedules, and its offer was initially recommended by Eidos' board.

On 22 March 2005, Eidos plc received a second takeover bid from games publisher SCi. The bid was for , and tabled a restructuring plan to cut from annual costs. To fund this takeover, SCi proposed to sell worth of stock. In late April, Elevation Partners formally withdrew its offer, leaving the way clear for SCi. SCi's takeover was finalized on 16 May 2005, with SCi merging itself into Eidos Interactive's parent SCi Entertainment Group. Livingstone was the only returning board member and became product acquisition director. Core Design pitched a Tomb Raider remake for the game's 10th anniversary to SCi/Eidos in 2005. In May 2006, Rebellion Developments acquired Core Designs' assets and staff, while the Core brand and intellectual property, including Tomb Raider, remained with SCi. In December 2006, Warner Bros. licensed classic properties to SCi, while investing for 10.3% of SCi shares. In 2007, SCi acquired a number of new studios for its New Media division: mobile phone developer Rockpool Games, along with its two sister companies Ironstone Partners and SoGoPlay, Morpheme, and gaming portal Bluefish Media. Majesco Entertainment signed a distribution deal for eight games with SCi in April 2007. In November 2007, SCi opened a new studio in Montreal, Quebec, which was later named Eidos Montréal and developed a new game in the Deus Ex franchise. On 4 September 2007, SCi stated that they had been approached with possible offers for the company. By January 2008, the offer talks had halted. The share price dropped by over 50% and shareholders called for the resignation of key personnel, including CEO Jane Cavanagh, over this issue as well as delays to key titles. On 18 January 2008, Cavanagh and management team left the company. Jürgen Goeldner was as appointed as interim COO that month. In April 2008, newly appointed CEO Phil Rogers, a former Electronic Arts executive, stated they want to be a "leaner and fitter company", as well as "studio led". They moved "certain functions" from the United Kingdom to Quebec, Canada, partially due to economic advantages offered by Montreal's government. Koch Media acquired Proein, SCi's Spanish distribution division, in July 2008. During SCi 2008 financial report, losses were at , which Rogers stated were due to the reconstructing plans. On 19 September 2008, SCi opened a Shanghai based studio, Eidos Shanghai, consisting of a small team to build up relations in Asia. In 2008, SCi set up an entity, which later became Square Enix London Studios headed by Lee Singleton in their Wimbledon headquarters. In December 2008, SCi rebranded as Eidos. Rockpool Games and Eidos Hungary (formerly Mithis Entertainment) were closed in 2009, among other cuts.

In February 2009, Square Enix reached an agreement to purchase Eidos plc for , pending shareholder approval, with an initial aim of completing the takeover on 6 May 2009. The offer was backed by majority stakeholder Warner Bros. The date was brought forward, and Square Enix took over Eidos on 22 April 2009. Square Enix initially stated that it would let Eidos remain structured as it was at the time of its takeover. In July 2009, it announced that it would merge Eidos into Square Enix, which created a new entity, tentatively titled Square Enix Europe and described as a business unit representing sales and marketing offices in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. Eidos' US operations were merged with Square Enix Incorporated, headed by John Yamamoto. The merger was completed on 10 November 2009 with the Square Enix Europe identity being retained. Square Enix Europe under Rogers continued to managed its own studios. Livingstone became Life President.

Square Enix External Studios, originally Square Enix London Studios and founded by Eidos in 2008. Responsible for working with third party developers on Batman: Arkham Asylum, Just Cause, Sleeping Dogs, Life Is Strange and Outriders.

In May 2022, Square Enix announced it would sell several of Square Enix Limited's assets to Embracer Group for $300 million. These included development studios Crystal Dynamics, Eidos Montréal, Square Enix Montréal, and intellectual properties such as Tomb Raider, Deus Ex, Thief, Legacy of Kain alongside "50 back catalogue games", with the deal expected to be completed in the second quarter of Embracer's financial year. Embracer announced that the subsidiaries and IPs would form as their 12th operative group, under the leadership of Phil Rogers, and was later given the name of CDE (Crystal Dynamics Eidos) Entertainment. The deal was completed on 26 August 2022. In November 2022, Embracer shut down Square Enix Montréal and transferred Eidos Shanghai to Gearbox Entertainment as Gearbox Studio Shanghai.

+StudioSubsidiaryLocationFoundedAcquiredFateRefs. DomarkLondon, England19841995Transformed into Eidos Interactive in 1996Beautiful Game StudiosEidos' headquarters2003Became Square Enix studioPivotal GamesBath, England2000SCi subsidiaryClosed in 2008Eidos MontréalMontreal, Quebec2007Became Square Enix subsidiary, acquired by Embracer in 2022Gimme5Games2007Management buyout in 2009Rockpool GamesManchester, England20022007Closed in 2009Square Enix London MobileLondon, England2021