Немецкая конфедерация профсоюзов (DGB)

German union federation

The German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund; DGB) is an umbrella organisation (sometimes known as a national trade union center) for eight German trade unions, in total representing more than 6 million people (31 December 2011). It was founded in Munich, 12 October 1949. The DGB coordinates joint demands and activities within the German trade union movement. It represents the member unions in contact with the government authorities, the political parties and the employers' organisations. However, the umbrella organisation is not directly involved in collective bargaining and does not conclude collective labour agreements. Union delegates elect committees for 9 districts, 66 regions and the federal centre. The organisation holds a federal congress every four years. This assembly sets the framework for trade union policies and elects five Federal Executives. Together with the presidents of the member unions they constitute the DGB's executive committee. The members of the executive committee, together with the DGB regional presidents and 70 delegates from the unions, form a Federal Council which meets once a year to make decisions on national issues. The DGB also has a youth organisation, DGB Jugend. The DGB has its headquarters in Berlin. It is a member of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC).

As first German confederation of unions at 14 March 1892 the Generalkommission der Gewerkschaften Deutschlands was founded in Halberstadt. It represented 57 national and some local unions with approximate 300,000 people in total. After World War I unions had to reorganise. During a congress in Nuremberg from 30 June until 5 July 1919 the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (ADGB) was founded as an umbrella organisation of 52 unions with more than 3 million members. The ADGB may be seen as predecessor of today's DGB. Like today, there also existed a conservative counterpart of lesser importance. Curiously, this conservative organisation was named Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB. On 2 May 1933 all trade unions were dissolved by the Nazis.

In 1990, the members of the FDGB of the German Democratic Republic joined the members of the DGB. In recent years, many member unions of the DGB have merged, so today the DGB has only 8 members. This was seen as a progress by many unionists who hoped for stronger representation, while others claim that strong member unions like ver. di with its two million members have considerably weakened the DGB as a roof organization. In general, the influence of German trade unions has declined since 1990 and had to accept shrinking real incomes and a reform of the welfare system in 2004 ("Hartz IV laws"), which put additional pressure on wages. For some years, the DGB and its member unions have been campaigning for a minimum wage to be introduced in Germany. Well into the 1990s, they had rejected this idea because they got better results from their strong position in the German system of collective bargaining.

Members of DGB unions 2017 Union Women Men In totalIG Bauen Agrar Umwelt (Construction, Agriculture, Environment) IG BAU 67,069 26.35% 187,456 73.65% 254,525 4.25%IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie (Mining, Chemicals, Energy) IG BCE 137,012 21.49% 500,611 78.51% 637,623 10.64%Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft (Education and Science) GEW 199,529 71.71% 78,714 28.29% 278,243 4.64%IG Metall (Metalworkers) IGM 406,893 17.98% 1,855,768 82.02% 2,262,661 37.74%Gewerkschaft Nahrung Genuss Gaststätten (Food, Beverages and Catering) NGG 83,741 41.89% 116,180 58.11% 199,921 3.33%Gewerkschaft der Polizei (Police) GdP 46,032 24.86% 139,121 75.14% 185,153 3.09%Eisenbahn und Verkehrsgewerkschaft (Railway Workers) EVG 41,204 21.69% 148,771 78.31% 189,975 3.17%Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft (United Services Union) ver. di 1,038,221 52.24% 949,115 47.76% 1,987,336 33.15%DGB in total DGB 2,019,701 33.69% 3,975,736 66.31% 5,995,437 100.00%

Union Acronym Year merged Merged into German Railwaymen's Federation GdED 2010 EVG Textile and Clothing Union GTB 1998 IGM Wood and Plastic Union GHK 2000 IGM Building and Construction Union IG BSE 1996 IG BAU Horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry Union GGLF 1996 IG BAU Union of Mining and Energy IG BE 1997 IG BCE Chemical, Paper and Ceramic Union IG Chemie 1997 IG BCE Leather Union GL 1997 IG BCE German Postal Union DPG 2001 Ver. di Trade, Banking and Insurance Union HBV 2001 Ver. di Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union ÖTV 2001 Ver. di Printing and Paper Union DruPa 1989 IG Medien Arts Union Kunst 1989 IG Medien Media Union IG Medien 2001 Ver. di

In 1978 the Gewerkschaft der Polizei (GdP, see above) joined the DGB as 17th union. The Deutsche Angestellten Gewerkschaft – DAG – was a large white collar trade union. Although the DAG in the British zone 1946 was a member of the DGB in the British zone, the West German DAG never joined the West German DGB as a single member union. In 2001 the DAG merged with four existing DGB unions to become the new DGB union Ver. di. The railway union Verkehrsgewerkschaft GDBA was a member of the other labour federation, the German Civil Service Federation. In 2010 the GDBA merged with existing DGB union TRANSNET to form the new DGB union EVG.