Японский высокоскоростной поезд N700: эволюция и перспективы

Japanese high speed train type

The N700 series (N700系) is a Japanese Shinkansen high speed train with tilting capability developed jointly by JR Central and JR West for use on the Tōkaidō and San'yō Shinkansen lines since 2007, and is operated by JR Kyushu on the Kyushu Shinkansen line. N700 series trains have a maximum speed of , and tilting of up to one degree allows the trains to maintain , even on radius curves that previously had a maximum speed of Another feature of the N700 is that it accelerates more quickly than the older 700 series Shinkansen trains, with a maximum acceleration rate of 2.6 km/h/s (0.72 m/s2). This enables it to reach in only three minutes. Further advancements led to the development of the N700A, an incremental evolution of the N700. N700A trains can reach on curves, allowing the maximum operating speed on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen to be raised to All N700 series sets have been retrofitted with most of the improvements added to the N700A series, and are now classified as "N700A". Because of these improvements, trains can travel between Tokyo and Osaka on a Nozomi run in as little as 2 hours and 22 minutes on the fastest service (8 minutes faster than before). A new train, the N700S, entered service in 2020 with plans to eventually replace all N700 series trains. The first four sets began operation on 1 July 2020.

N700 series trains gradually replaced 300, 500 and 700 series sets on Nozomi services, and by the end of February 2009, the N700 series were responsible for 74 Nozomi services per day. All Nozomi through runs (over the full route between Tokyo and Hakata) were scheduled to use the N700 series exclusively by 2009. From the start of the revised timetable on 17 March 2012, all regularly scheduled Nozomi services, including runs limited only to the Tokaido Shinkansen, were operated by N700 series sets. Since 4 March 2017, the N700 is also used on regularly scheduled Hikari services during the day, as well as all Kodama trains on the Tokaido Shinkansen, since March 2020. Since March 2009, the N700 series trains have been equipped with wireless internet available for use between Tokyo and Shin Osaka.

In an announcement by JR Central, JR West, and JR Kyushu made on 17 October 2023, the companies stated that all onboard smoking rooms on the Tokaido, San'yo, and Kyushu Shinkansen trains would be abolished by Q2 2024. In another announcement made on 14 February 2024, JR West revealed plans to convert four existing 16 car N700 series sets into 8 car formations. This move is to be made in a bid to retire four of the remaining 500 series sets on the San'yo Shinkansen. The new trains include modified brake discs, bogie vibration detection, and ATC improvements. Six "G" sets were scheduled to be introduced during fiscal 2012, replacing older 700 series sets, with seven more sets introduced during fiscal 2013. In October 2015, JR Central announced that it had ordered a further 20 N700A series sets to be delivered between fiscal 2016 and 2019, replacing all of the remaining 700 series trains sets on Tokaido Shinkansen services. The first set, G1, was delivered to Hamamatsu in August 2012, with test running commencing on the Tokaido Shinkansen the following month.

The 16 car G sets are formed as follows, with car 1 at the Shin Osaka (western) end and car 16 at the Tokyo (eastern) end.

as of 2020, the N700A series G set fleet is as follows. It was initially fitted with two auxiliary headlights located below the nose. The first full production Z set (Z1) was delivered to JR Central in April 2007, and trains entered revenue service on 1 July 2007, with eight daily Nozomi service runs. The final Z set, Z80, was delivered from Kawasaki Heavy Industries in February 2012. From fiscal 2013, the fleet of Z sets underwent modifications to incorporate some of the improvements featured in the later N700A series sets. Modified sets were re designated "X" sets, with cars renumbered in the 2000 subseries. The modified sets are also identified by the addition of a small "A" added to the right of the bodyside "N700" logos. The first original "Z" set, set Z65, was modified to become set X65 in May 2013, with the last original "Z" set, set Z4, modified to become set X4 in August 2015. The prototype set Z0 was used as a JR Central test train with cars numbered in the 9000 series, and was not used in revenue service. It was renumbered set X0 in 2014, but the car numbers remained in the 9000 subseries. The set was officially withdrawn from service in February 2019. Withdrawals of N700 series X sets commenced in July 2020, beginning with set X12.

The 16 car X sets are formed as follows. Set No. Manufacturer Date delivered Date converted to N700A Date withdrawn Remarks X0 Hitachi/Kawasaki HI/Nippon Sharyo 12 March 2005 12 May 2014 25 February 2019 Pre series set X1 Nippon Sharyo 17 April 2007 18 May 2015 4 October 2021 Full production sets X2 Hitachi 9 May 2007 9 June 20152 November 2021 X3 Nippon Sharyo 21 May 2007 15 June 20152 December 2021 X4 Hitachi 16 June 2007 5 August 20154 January 2022 X5 Nippon Sharyo 23 June 2007 7 July 20157 February 2022 X6 Hitachi 5 September 2007 16 July 20132 March 2022 X7 Nippon Sharyo 12 September 2007 12 August 201319 April 2022 X8 Hitachi 31 October 2007 28 August 201313 May 2022 X9 Nippon Sharyo 22 October 2007 21 October 201313 July 2022 X10 Hitachi 6 December 2007 25 October 201316 August 2022 X11 Nippon Sharyo 29 November 2007 11 December 201312 September 2022 X12 Kawasaki HI 9 January 2008 21 January 2014 2 July 2020 X13 Nippon Sharyo 16 January 2008 31 January 2014 1 September 2020 X14 Hitachi 6 February 2008 27 February 2014 26 September 2020 X15 Nippon Sharyo 21 February 2008 16 May 2014 21 October 2020 X16 Hitachi 5 March 2008 22 May 2014 18 November 2020 X17 Nippon Sharyo 8 May 2008 3 June 2014 14 December 2020 X18 Hitachi 15 May 2008 19 June 2014 X19 Nippon Sharyo 12 June 2008 1 July 2014 14 January 2021 X20 Hitachi 2 July 2008 7 July 2014 X21 Nippon Sharyo 17 July 2008 24 July 2014 X22 Hitachi 6 August 2008 7 August 2014 12 February 2021 X23 Nippon Sharyo 27 August 2008 8 September 2014 16 March 2021 X24 Hitachi 17 September 2008 12 September 201416 April 2021 X25 Nippon Sharyo 3 October 2008 21 October 20147 June 2021 X26 Kawasaki HI 16 November 2008 29 November 20145 August 2021 X27 Nippon Sharyo 9 November 2008 27 October 201414 May 2021 X28 Hitachi 21 December 2008 4 December 20148 July 2021 X29 Nippon Sharyo 14 December 2008 28 January 20157 September 2021 X30 Kawasaki HI 11 February 2009 22 December 2014 X31 Nippon Sharyo 24 January 2009 16 December 2014 X32 1 March 2009 9 February 2015 X33 Hitachi 15 April 2009 22 May 2015 X34 Nippon Sharyo 3 April 2009 3 February 2015 X35 13 May 2009 3 June 2015 X36 Kawasaki HI 26 August 2009 22 July 2013 X37 Nippon Sharyo 18 June 2009 19 June 2015 X38 24 July 2009 9 July 2013 X39 3 September 2009 27 July 201330 March 2022 X40 Hitachi 8 July 2009 19 June 2013 X41 Nippon Sharyo 11 October 2009 27 September 20133 June 2022 X42 14 November 2009 13 November 2013 X43 Hitachi 1 December 2009 21 December 201311 October 2022 X44 Nippon Sharyo 17 December 2009 27 January 201411 November 2022 X45 Hitachi 13 January 2010 5 March 201413 December 2022 X46 Nippon Sharyo 27 January 2010 15 March 2014 X47 Hitachi 17 February 2010 20 March 201412 January 2023 X48 Nippon Sharyo 1 March 2010 9 April 2014 X49 2 April 2010 28 May 2014 X50 9 May 2010 25 June 2014 X51 9 June 2010 18 July 2014 X52 10 July 2010 31 July 2014 X53 Hitachi 21 July 2010 22 August 2014 X54 Nippon Sharyo 18 August 2010 27 September 2014 X55 18 September 2010 19 September 2014 X56 Hitachi 1 October 2010 15 October 2014 X57 Nippon Sharyo 21 October 2010 31 October 2014 X58 Hitachi 10 November 2010 18 November 2014 X59 Nippon Sharyo 21 November 2010 12 December 2014 X60 22 December 2010 25 November 2014 X61 Hitachi 19 January 2011 22 January 2015 X62 Nippon Sharyo 28 January 2011 19 March 2015 X63 Hitachi 23 February 2011 25 March 2015 X64 Nippon Sharyo 3 March 2011 25 April 2015 X65 6 April 2011 7 May 2013 X66 Hitachi 20 April 2011 14 July 2015 X67 Nippon Sharyo 13 May 2011 1 July 2015 X68 15 June 2011 27 June 2013 X69 16 July 2011 23 August 2013 X70 Hitachi 3 August 2011 12 September 2013 X71 Nippon Sharyo 20 August 2011 19 September 2013 X72 Hitachi 7 September 2011 15 October 2013 X73 Nippon Sharyo 22 September 2011 29 November 2013 X74 24 October 2011 5 December 2013 X75 Hitachi 3 November 2011 17 December 2013 X76 Nippon Sharyo 23 November 2011 27 December 2013 X77 22 December 2011 21 February 2014 X78 29 January 2012 11 March 2014 X79 Hitachi 22 February 2012 15 April 2014 X80 Nippon Sharyo 1 March 2012 21 April 2014

These are N700A series sets owned by JR West and classified N700 4000 series, with one set (set F1) delivered in November 2013 and entering revenue service from 8 February 2014. followed by three in fiscal 2017 (sets F10 to F12), five in fiscal 2018 (sets F13 to F17), and seven in fiscal 2019 (sets F18 to F24).

The 16 car F sets are formed as follows. Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Designation Tc M2 M'w M1 M1w M' M2k M1s M's M2s M'h M1 M1w M' M2w T'c Numbering 783 4000 787 4000 786 4500 785 4000 785 4300 786 4000 787 4400 775 4000 776 4000 777 4000 786 4700 785 4600 785 4500 786 4200 787 4500 784 4000 Seating capacity 65 100 85 100 90 100 75 68 64 68 63 100 90 100 80 75 Facilities Toilets   Toilets / smoking room Telephone Toilets   Toilets / smoking room Conductor's compartment / AED Toilets / telephone Smoking room Toilets / multi purpose compartment Telephone Toilets   Toilets / smoking room / telephone

The 8 car R sets are formed as follows.

as of 2016, the fleet consists of 11 sets, all based at Kumamoto Shinkansen Depot. Nominally specified as an 8 car set with a maximum operating speed of 330 km/h (205 mph), the train can be configured in lengths from 6 to 16 cars to suit customer requirements. The same model was being considered in the developing Houston–Dallas Texas Central Railway, before focus shifted to the N700S due to its inherently modular construction, and higher top speed.

On 16 November 2009, JR Central conducted a late night high speed demonstration run using N700 series trainset Z0, recording a maximum speed of 332 km/h (206 mph) on the Tokaido Shinkansen between and The high speed run was conducted as a demonstration for approximately 160 international guests attending a high speed railway symposium in Nagoya.

Car 783 2059 (car 1) of JR Central set X59 was scrapped due to fire damage sustained in an arson attack occurring on 30 June 2015. A replacement car with the same running number was built by Nippon Sharyo in 2016.

On 11 December 2017, Car 785 5505 (car 13) of JR West set K5 (a 16 car N700A built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries) was taken out of service at Nagoya Station after engineers confirmed an unusual burning smell. The smell was detected at Kokura Station, but was ordered by the operational centre to continue service until Nagoya which JR West later admitted was a "big danger". An on site inspection revealed that the outer frame of the carriage had cracked and its underfloor carriage was leaking oil.