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Введение
29-й саммит «Большой восьмерки» прошел в Эвиан-ле-Бен, Франция, 1–3 июня 2003 года. Как и следовало ожидать на саммитах G8, состоялся ряд протестов.
The 29th G8 summit was held in Évian les Bains, France, on 1–3 June 2003. As is usual for G8 summits, there were a range of protests.
Обзор
Группа семи (G7) была неофициальным форумом, объединявшим лидеров самых богатых индустриально развитых стран: Франции, Германии, Италии, Японии, Соединенного Королевства, Соединенных Штатов и Канады, начиная с 1976 года. G8, впервые собравшаяся в 1997 году, образовалась с присоединением России. Кроме того, президент Европейской комиссии официально участвует в саммитах с 1981 года. Саммиты не предполагали формальной связи с более широкими международными институтами; более того, своего рода протест против излишней формальности других международных встреч стал одним из факторов зарождения сотрудничества между президентом Франции Валери Жискаром д’Эстеном и канцлером Западной Германии Гельмутом Шмидтом, когда они планировали первый саммит Группы шести (G6) в 1975 году. Саммиты G8 в XXI веке вызывали широкие дискуссии, протесты и демонстрации; это двух- или трехдневное мероприятие превращалось в нечто большее, чем простое собрание, возводя участников, обсуждаемые вопросы и место проведения в центр внимания активистов. С 1998 года под эгидой принимающих стран издаются официальные журналы саммита G8 для распространения среди всех участников; издание 2008 года было опубликовано Prestige Media.
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada starting in 1976. The G8, meeting for the first time in 1997, was formed with the addition of Russia. In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981. The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the initial summit of the Group of Six (G6) in 1975. The G8 summits during the twenty first century have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two or three day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure. Official G8 Summit magazines which have been published under the auspices of the host nations for distribution to all attendees since 1998; the 2008 edition was published by Prestige Media.
Лидеры на саммите
G8 — это неофициальный ежегодный форум для лидеров Канады, Европейской комиссии, Франции, Германии, Италии, Японии, России, Соединенного Королевства и Соединенных Штатов. Основные члены G8. Государство и лидер указаны жирным шрифтом.
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Core G8 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text. Member Represented by Title Canada Jean Chrétien Prime Minister France Jacques Chirac President Germany Gerhard Schröder Chancellor Italy Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister Japan Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister Russia Vladimir Putin President United Kingdom Tony Blair Prime Minister United States George W. Bush President European Union Romano Prodi Commission President Costas Simitis Council PresidentGuest Invitees (Countries) Member Represented by Title Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika President Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President China Hu Jintao President Egypt Hosni Mubarak President Greece Costas Simitis Prime Minister India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister Mexico Vicente Fox President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo President Saudi Arabia Abdullah Regent Senegal Abdoulaye Wade President South Africa Thabo Mbeki President Switzerland Pascal Couchepin PresidentGuest Invitees (International Institutions) Member Represented by Title International Monetary Fund Horst Köhler Managing Director United Nations Kofi Annan Secretary General World Bank James Wolfensohn President World Trade Organization Supachai Panitchpakdi Director General
Член | Представлен | Должность
------- | -------- | --------
Канада | Жан Кретьен | Премьер-министр
Франция | Жак Ширак | Президент
Германия | Герхард Шрёдер | Канцлер
Италия | Сильвио Берлускони | Премьер-министр
Япония | Дзюнъитиро Коидзуми | Премьер-министр
Россия | Владимир Путин | Президент
Соединенное Королевство | Тони Блэр | Премьер-министр
Соединенные Штаты | Джордж Буш | Президент
Европейский Союз | Романо Проди | Председатель Комиссии
| Костас Симитис | Председатель Совета
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Core G8 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text. Member Represented by Title Canada Jean Chrétien Prime Minister France Jacques Chirac President Germany Gerhard Schröder Chancellor Italy Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister Japan Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister Russia Vladimir Putin President United Kingdom Tony Blair Prime Minister United States George W. Bush President European Union Romano Prodi Commission President Costas Simitis Council PresidentGuest Invitees (Countries) Member Represented by Title Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika President Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President China Hu Jintao President Egypt Hosni Mubarak President Greece Costas Simitis Prime Minister India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister Mexico Vicente Fox President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo President Saudi Arabia Abdullah Regent Senegal Abdoulaye Wade President South Africa Thabo Mbeki President Switzerland Pascal Couchepin PresidentGuest Invitees (International Institutions) Member Represented by Title International Monetary Fund Horst Köhler Managing Director United Nations Kofi Annan Secretary General World Bank James Wolfensohn President World Trade Organization Supachai Panitchpakdi Director General
Приглашенные гости (страны)
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Core G8 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text. Member Represented by Title Canada Jean Chrétien Prime Minister France Jacques Chirac President Germany Gerhard Schröder Chancellor Italy Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister Japan Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister Russia Vladimir Putin President United Kingdom Tony Blair Prime Minister United States George W. Bush President European Union Romano Prodi Commission President Costas Simitis Council PresidentGuest Invitees (Countries) Member Represented by Title Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika President Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President China Hu Jintao President Egypt Hosni Mubarak President Greece Costas Simitis Prime Minister India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister Mexico Vicente Fox President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo President Saudi Arabia Abdullah Regent Senegal Abdoulaye Wade President South Africa Thabo Mbeki President Switzerland Pascal Couchepin PresidentGuest Invitees (International Institutions) Member Represented by Title International Monetary Fund Horst Köhler Managing Director United Nations Kofi Annan Secretary General World Bank James Wolfensohn President World Trade Organization Supachai Panitchpakdi Director General
Член | Представлен | Должность
------- | -------- | --------
Алжир | Абдельазиз Бутефлика | Президент
Бразилия | Луис Инасиу Лула да Силва | Президент
Китай | Ху Цзиньтао | Президент
Египет | Хосни Мубарак | Президент
Греция | Костас Симитис | Премьер-министр
Индия | Атал Бихари Ваджпаи | Премьер-министр
Малайзия | Махатхир Мохамад | Премьер-министр
Мексика | Висенте Фокс | Президент
Нигерия | Олусегун Обасанджо | Президент
Саудовская Аравия | Абдулла | Регент
Сенегал | Абдулай Вад | Президент
Южная Африка | Табо Мбеки | Президент
Швейцария | Паскаль Кушепен | Президент
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Core G8 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text. Member Represented by Title Canada Jean Chrétien Prime Minister France Jacques Chirac President Germany Gerhard Schröder Chancellor Italy Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister Japan Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister Russia Vladimir Putin President United Kingdom Tony Blair Prime Minister United States George W. Bush President European Union Romano Prodi Commission President Costas Simitis Council PresidentGuest Invitees (Countries) Member Represented by Title Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika President Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President China Hu Jintao President Egypt Hosni Mubarak President Greece Costas Simitis Prime Minister India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister Mexico Vicente Fox President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo President Saudi Arabia Abdullah Regent Senegal Abdoulaye Wade President South Africa Thabo Mbeki President Switzerland Pascal Couchepin PresidentGuest Invitees (International Institutions) Member Represented by Title International Monetary Fund Horst Köhler Managing Director United Nations Kofi Annan Secretary General World Bank James Wolfensohn President World Trade Organization Supachai Panitchpakdi Director General
Приглашенные гости (международные организации)
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Core G8 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text. Member Represented by Title Canada Jean Chrétien Prime Minister France Jacques Chirac President Germany Gerhard Schröder Chancellor Italy Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister Japan Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister Russia Vladimir Putin President United Kingdom Tony Blair Prime Minister United States George W. Bush President European Union Romano Prodi Commission President Costas Simitis Council PresidentGuest Invitees (Countries) Member Represented by Title Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika President Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President China Hu Jintao President Egypt Hosni Mubarak President Greece Costas Simitis Prime Minister India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister Mexico Vicente Fox President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo President Saudi Arabia Abdullah Regent Senegal Abdoulaye Wade President South Africa Thabo Mbeki President Switzerland Pascal Couchepin PresidentGuest Invitees (International Institutions) Member Represented by Title International Monetary Fund Horst Köhler Managing Director United Nations Kofi Annan Secretary General World Bank James Wolfensohn President World Trade Organization Supachai Panitchpakdi Director General
Член | Представлен | Должность
------- | -------- | --------
Международный валютный фонд | Хорст Кёлер | Управляющий директор
Организация Объединенных Наций | Кофи Аннан | Генеральный секретарь
Всемирный банк | Джеймс Вулфенсон | Президент
Всемирная торговая организация | Супачай Панитпакди | Генеральный директор
The G8 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Core G8 membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text. Member Represented by Title Canada Jean Chrétien Prime Minister France Jacques Chirac President Germany Gerhard Schröder Chancellor Italy Silvio Berlusconi Prime Minister Japan Junichiro Koizumi Prime Minister Russia Vladimir Putin President United Kingdom Tony Blair Prime Minister United States George W. Bush President European Union Romano Prodi Commission President Costas Simitis Council PresidentGuest Invitees (Countries) Member Represented by Title Algeria Abdelaziz Bouteflika President Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva President China Hu Jintao President Egypt Hosni Mubarak President Greece Costas Simitis Prime Minister India Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad Prime Minister Mexico Vicente Fox President Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo President Saudi Arabia Abdullah Regent Senegal Abdoulaye Wade President South Africa Thabo Mbeki President Switzerland Pascal Couchepin PresidentGuest Invitees (International Institutions) Member Represented by Title International Monetary Fund Horst Köhler Managing Director United Nations Kofi Annan Secretary General World Bank James Wolfensohn President World Trade Organization Supachai Panitchpakdi Director General
Приоритеты
Традиционно страна, принимающая саммит G8, определяет повестку дня для переговоров, которые в основном ведутся между многонациональными государственными служащими в течение нескольких недель перед самим саммитом, что приводит к принятию совместной декларации, которую все страны могут согласовать и подписать. После начала войны в Ираке главным приоритетом стало примирение между лидерами G8. "Большая восьмерка" была серьезно разделена из-за вторжения, возглавляемого США. Широкая повестка дня, предложенная Шираком, была структурирована вокруг четырех основных тем: солидарности, ответственности, безопасности и демократии.
Traditionally, the host country of the G8 summit sets the agenda for negotiations, which take place primarily amongst multi national civil servants in the weeks before the summit itself, leading to a joint declaration which all countries can agree to sign. Reconciliation amongst the G8 leaders was the top priority in the wake of the beginning of the Iraq War. The G8 had sharply divided over the American led invasion. Chirac's broad agenda was organized under four main themes — solidarity, responsibility, security, and democracy.
Проблемы
Саммит задумывался как площадка для урегулирования разногласий между участниками. Фактически, саммит также рассматривался как возможность для участников поддержать друг друга в связи со сложными экономическими решениями.
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.