Введение
Телефонный сигнал
Telephone signal
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
На аналоговых телефонных линиях со специальными услугами для управления функциями на телефонной станции, АТС или VoIP-шлюзе используется сигнал вспышки или сигнал ответа на запрос регистрации. Термин "отзыв регистрации" в Европе относится к отправке дискретного сигнала, уведомляющего "регистр" – логическую систему, управляющую телефонной станцией, о том, что она должна принимать команды от конечного пользователя во время разговора. Обычно регистр отключался от цепи после установления соединения. В современных телефонных системах функции регистра выполняются программным обеспечением и компьютерным оборудованием, но в предыдущих поколениях электромеханических станций, использующих технологии, такие как кроссовые или релейные переключатели, регистр часто представлял собой систему аналоговой электроники или даже релейной логики. Термин "вспышка" или "вспышка крючком" обычно используется в Северной Америке, в то время как в Европе аналогичный сигнал называется сигналом ответа на запрос регистрации или чаще "Вспышка" или просто кнопкой "R". Эти сигналы выполняют схожие функции, но не обязательно идентичны. Сигнал вспышки на короткое время разрывает локальную петлю, кратковременным нажатием на трубку или использованием специальной кнопки. В системах, подверженных влиянию американских стандартов, система коммутации принимает довольно длительное время разрыва, в пределах от 300 мс до 1000 мс, типичное для ручной вспышки крючком. В большинстве систем, основанных на европейских стандартах, используется точно определенный импульс разрыва петли, обычно продолжительностью 100 мс или 120 мс, аналогичный одному импульсу при импульсном наборе номера. Эти системы схожи, но могут быть несовместимы друг с другом. Более длительная вспышка, запрограммированная на североамериканском телефоне, или ручная вспышка крючком, может привести к освобождению линии европейской станцией, в то время как короткий импульс от европейского телефона может быть проигнорирован североамериканской системой коммутации. Многие современные телефоны, продаваемые на нескольких рынках, позволяют конечному пользователю определять время вспышки в программном обеспечении или с помощью настройки переключателя. Например, некоторые устройства позволяют установить его в диапазоне от 90 мс до 1000 мс. Это означает, что телефон можно настроить для использования с различными общедоступными сетями PSTN, АТС и бизнес-системами или устройствами, такими как аналоговые телефонные адаптеры (ATA), используемые для подключения простых аналоговых телефонов к услугам Voice over IP (VoIP). Распространенное использование вспышки для специальных действий – переключение на другой входящий вызов с помощью услуги ожидания вызова. Она также обычно используется для удержания вызовов, инициирования запроса, организации конференц-связи или для перевода вызовов на другие внутренние номера в АТС.
Telephone signal
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
Другое применение – указание запроса на голосовую конференцию, например, пользователь может использовать следующую процедуру для инициирования трехстороннего звонка. Это типичная процедура в большинстве сетей Северной Америки и некоторых офисных системах:
Telephone signal
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
Снять телефонную трубку (разрывая цепь). Услышать сигнал набора номера. Набрать первый номер и поприветствовать первого абонента. Нажать кнопку вспышки (или быстро нажать на датчик трубки). Услышать прерывистый сигнал набора номера (серию коротких гудков, за которыми следует обычный сигнал). Набрать второй номер и поприветствовать второго абонента. Нажать кнопку вспышки еще раз. Вторая "вспышка" сигнализирует центральной станции о необходимости объединить два активных разговора, чтобы все три стороны были подключены к одной и той же логической телефонной линии. В европейских сетях кнопка "R" используется в сочетании с тональным набором для выбора различных функций обработки вызовов. Например:
Telephone signal
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
Ожидание вызова:
R1 – Отвечает на входящий вызов и завершает текущий вызов. R2 – Отвечает на текущий вызов и позволяет пользователю переключаться между вызовами. R3 – Устанавливает трехстороннюю конференцию. R0 – Отклоняет входящий вызов и временно отключает ожидание вызова. Нажатие кнопки "R" во время разговора обычно ставит вызов на удержание и возвращает сигнал набора номера. Затем можно набрать второй номер. Затем вызовы можно переключать между собой с помощью R2 или объединить в конференцию с помощью R3. На линиях Centrex, в системах АТС и VoIP-шлюзах кнопка "R" также используется для выполнения перевода вызова (слепого или с запросом) на аналоговых портах. Во время разговора выполняется вспышка (вручную или нажатием кнопки "Flash" или "R"), помещая текущий вызов на удержание и возвращая сигнал набора номера. Затем набирается новый номер, и при возврате трубки на место вызов переводится. В европейских системах нажатие "R" перед завершением вызова обычно восстанавливает вызов на удержании и отменяет процесс без перевода вызова. Некоторые системы АТС, особенно в Европе, используют заземление (Earth Recall). Этот сигнал кратковременно соединяет одну ногу телефонной цепи с землей, чтобы сигнализировать станции. Обычно он не используется в двухпроводных общедоступных сетях, но был распространен в аналоговых офисных системах. Многие европейские телефоны имеют переключатель для настройки кнопки "R" для выполнения этой функции вместо временного разрыва петли. Связанная услуга часто встречалась на таксофонах в Европе и некоторых других частях мира, где предоставлялась кнопка "Follow on Call" (FC). Хотя в некоторых аспектах она похожа на вспышку крючком, она была совершенно иной. Вместо простой вспышки крючком телефон полностью завершал соединение (вешал трубку) на несколько секунд и выдавал новый сигнал набора номера, сохраняя при этом кредитный баланс на телефоне (монеты или карта). Это позволяло пользователю совершить второй звонок, не собирая неиспользованные монеты и не вставляя карту повторно на телефонах с предоплаченными картами. Это не сигнализация вспышкой крючком, а просто завершение соединения.
Telephone signal
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
On analog telephone lines with special services, a flash or register recall signal is used to control functions on the public telephone exchange, PBX or VoIP ATA. The term "register recall" in Europe refers to sending a discrete signal to alert the "register" — the logical system controlling a telephone exchange, that it should accept commands from the end user in the middle of a call. The register was normally disconnected from the circuit once a call was setup. In contemporary telephone systems, the functions of the register are carried out by software and computer hardware, but in previous generations of electromechanical exchanges, using technology such as crossbar or reed relay, the register was often a system of analog electronics or even relay logic. The term "flash" or "hook flash" is commonly used in North America, while in Europe a similar signal is referred to as a register recall or more commonly "Recall" or simply the "R" button. These signals perform similar functions, but are not necessarily identical. The flash signal briefly disconnects the local loop circuit by momentarily depressing the hook switch or using a dedicated button. In systems influenced by American standards, the switching system will accept quite a long disconnection time, within a duration between 300 ms and 1000 ms, typical of a manual hook flash. In most systems based on European standards, a precisely defined loop disconnect pulse is used, typically 100 ms or 120 ms in duration, similar to a single pulse on a pulse dialing telephone. These systems are similar, but may be mutually incompatible. The longer flash time programmed on a North American telephone, or a manual hook flash, may cause a European switch to clear the line, while a short pulse from a European phone may be ignored by a North American switching system. Many modern telephones, sold across multiple markets, allow the end user to define the flash time in software or with a switch setting. For example, some devices allow this to be set between 90 ms and 1000 ms. This means that the phone can be configured to be used with various public PSTN networks, PABX and business systems, or devices like analog telephone adaptors (ATAs) used for connecting simple analog telephones to Voice over IP (VoIP) services. A common use of a hook flash for special action is to switch to another incoming call with the call waiting service. It is also commonly used for placing calls on hold, initiate inquiry, conference calls, or for call transfer to other extensions in a PABX
Another use is to indicate a request for voice conferencing, for example, a user may use a procedure like the following to initiate three way calling. This is the typical procedure in most North American networks and some office systems:
Pick up phone handset (causing the line to be off hook). Hear a dial tone. Dial the first number and greet the first party. Press the hook flash button (or quickly tap the on hook sensor on the phone). Hear a stutter dial tone (a series of beeps followed by another dial tone). Dial the second number and greet the second party. Press the hook flash button again. The second "flash" signals the Central Office Switch to link the two active conversations, so that all three parties are connected to the same logical telephone line. In European networks an “R” button is used in combination with touch tone digits to select various call handling functions. For example:
Call Waiting:
R1 — Answers incoming call & terminates current call. R2 — Answers current call & allows the user to toggle between calls. R3 — Establishes a 3 party conference. R0 — Rejects incoming call and temporarily disables call waiting. Pressing the R button during a call usually places the call on hold and returns a dial tone. A second number can then be dialed. Calls can then be toggled between with R2 or conferenced together with R3. On Centrex lines, PBX systems and VoIP ATAs a hook flash or the R button is also used to perform call transfer (blind or with an enquiry) on analog extensions. During a call the hook is flashed (manually or Flash or R is pressed) placing the current call on hold and returning a dial tone. A new number is then dialed and when the phone is hung up, the call is transferred. In European systems, pressing R before hanging up, typically retrieves the call on hold and cancels the process without transferring the call. Some PBX systems, notably in Europe, use an Earth Recall. This signal connects one leg of the telephone circuit to the ground momentarily to signal the exchange. It's usually not used in public two wire networks, but was common in analog office systems. Many European telephones have a switch to configure the R button to perform this function instead of a timed break recall. A related service was often found on payphones in Europe and some other parts of the world where a Follow on Call (FC) button was often provided. While similar in some ways to a hook flash, this was quite different. Rather than simply flashing the hook, the phone would go completely on hook (hanging up) several seconds and would present a new dial tone, while retaining a credit balance on the phone (coins or card). This allowed the user to make a second call without needing to collect unused coins or re insert their card on phones that used prepaid cards. It is not hook flash signaling, but rather just hanging up the line.
История
Переключатель (или вилка) – это устройство, определяющее, находится ли телефонная трубка в базовой станции. Термин "импульс" (или "вспышка") произошел от цепи шнура ранней телефонной коммутации, которую операторы телефонной компании использовали для соединения вызовов. У каждой из сторон – вызывающей и вызываемой – был индикатор на цепи шнура. Когда абонент снимал или устанавливал трубку, индикатор мигал. Актеры в старых фильмах часто демонстрируют этот способ, чтобы привлечь внимание оператора. Пользователь быстро несколько раз нажимает на кнопку. Когда оператор отвечает, актер говорит: "Алло? Оператор? У нас прервалась связь". Затем оператор пытается восстановить соединение. Мигающий индикатор этого раннего оборудования и является происхождением фразы "имитация импульса" (или "вспышка вилки"). В 1960-х годах к телефонам Centrex добавили кнопку имитации импульса после того, как некоторые пользователи пытались использовать функцию вызова оператора неправильно и непреднамеренно разрывали соединение.
The switchhook is the device that senses whether the handset or receiver is in its cradle. The term "flash" originated from the cord circuit of the early telephone switchboard that telephone company operators used to connect calls. The calling party and called party each had an indicator light on the cord circuit. When the subscriber cycled the telephone on hook/off hook, the light would flash. Actors in old movies often demonstrate this method, seeking the operator's attention. The user performs a tap tap tap. When an operator comes on the line, the actor says, "Hello? Operator? We've been cut off." Then the operator attempts to reestablish the connection. The flashing light of this early equipment is the origin of the phrase "flashing the switchhook". Centrex telephones added a hook flash button in the 1960s after some users attempted the attendant recall function incorrectly and disconnected their calls inadvertently.