Checker Marathon: амер. автомобиль 1961-1982 гг. Седаны и универсалы, включая редкие модели Aerobus. Отличался от такси улучшенной отделкой. История и характеристики.
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Введение
Checker Marathon — автомобиль, производившийся компанией Checker Motors Corporation в Каламазу, штат Мичиган, с 1961 по 1982 год. Он позиционировался как легковой автомобиль для частных покупателей, в отличие от схожей модели Taxi, ориентированной на корпоративных клиентов и компании таксопарков.
The Checker Marathon is an automobile produced by the Checker Motors Corporation of Kalamazoo, Michigan, between 1961 and 1982. It was marketed as a passenger car for consumers, as opposed to the similar Taxi, which was aimed at fleet buyers.
История
Марафоны выпускались в кузовах четырехдверного седана и четырехдверного универсала, а также в более редких шестидверных 9-местных и восьмидверных 12-местных седанах и универсалах "Аэробус". Модель Марафон была представлена в сентябре 1960 года для модельного года 1961 года, одновременно с Checker Superba Custom, и впоследствии заменила её, отличаясь от Superba более качественной отделкой салона. Первоначально она сохранила код кузова Superba A10, в то время как A9 использовался для такси. Внешне Марафон отличался полноширинной решеткой радиатора в виде сотовой структуры, в отличие от более узкой решетки Superba и расположенных внутри парковочных огней. После незначительного рестайлинга в 1963 году коды шасси изменились на A11 для такси и A12 для пассажирских версий. Также в 1963 году появилась модель Marathon Town Custom – версия лимузина с увеличенной колесной базой (129 против 120 дюймов). Эта восьмиместная версия получила код шасси A19E, который через несколько лет был изменен на A12E. Компания Checker не имела общенациональной дилерской сети и продавала большую часть своей продукции для корпоративных парков автомобилей.
Marathons were produced in both four door sedan and four door station wagon forms, and the rarer six door 9 seater and eight door, 12 seater "Aerobus" sedans and wagons. The Marathon was introduced in September 1960 for the 1961 model year, alongside, and later superseding, the Checker Superba Custom and differing from the Superba with its better interior appointments. Originally, it retained the Superba's A10 body code, whereas A9 was the code used for taxis. The exterior of the Marathon had a full width egg crate grille, differing from the Superba's narrower grille and inboard parking lights. After a minor facelift for 1963, chassis codes changed to A11 for taxis and A12 for passenger versions. Also in 1963, the Marathon Town Custom, a limousine version on a longer (129 versus 120 in) wheelbase appeared. This version, which seated eight, received the A19E chassis code. A few years later, this was changed to A12E. Checker did not have a nationwide dealer network and sold most of its production for fleet service.
Двигатели
Изначально использовались двигатели Continental L-образной головки, рядные шестицилиндровые (OHV для вагонов), но они были заменены на шестицилиндровые двигатели Chevrolet и небольшие V8 для 1965 модельного года. Они продолжали меняться по мере того, как Chevrolet вводил модификации, достигнув пика с 1969 L 48 350 V8, который развивал (брутто) мощность. В 1969 году нетурбированный дизельный двигатель Perkins объемом 4,236 л был доступен в качестве опции для всех моделей, но только в течение одного года. К 1973 году мощность 350 снизилась до, а в 1975 году были введены каталитические нейтрализаторы. В 1980 году модельный ряд двигателей был полностью изменен: 3,8-литровый V6 заменил старый рядный двигатель, а стандартным V8 стал меньший 267 куб. дюймов (4,4 л). Главной новостью стал двигатель Oldsmobile LF9 – дизельный V8.
The engines used were originally Continental built L head inline sixes (OHV units for the wagons), but these were exchanged for Chevrolet sixes and small block V8s for the 1965 model year. These continued to change as Chevrolet introduced modifications, peaking with the 1969 L 48 350 V8 which produced (gross). In 1969, a Perkins 4.236 L diesel non turbo engine was available as an option for all models, but for only one year. By 1973, power for the 350 had decreased to and in 1975 catalytic converters were introduced. For 1980, the engine lineup was changed entirely, with a 3.8 litre V6 replacing the old inline unit, and a smaller 267 ci (4.4 L) standard V8. The big news was the Oldsmobile LF9 engine, a diesel V8. Six cylinder engines Model Years Layout Size Fuel system Power Origin Notes 1961–1964 L head I6 single carb at 3,100 rpm Continental Sedans only until 1963 1961–1962 OHV I6 single carb at 4,000 rpm Continental Station Wagon only 1963–1964 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Continental $57 option 1965–1968 OHV I6 single carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet base 1969–1970 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,200 rpm Chevrolet base 1971–1972 at 4,200 rpm 110 hp SAE net 1973–1975 at 3,600 rpm low comp, EGR 1976 single carb at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.3:1 1980 OHV V6 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,200 rpm LC3 V8 engines 1965–1967 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 1966–1968 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet 10.5:1 1969 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1 1968 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,600 rpm Chevrolet 1969 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 10.25:1 1970 at 4,500 rpm 9.0:1 1971–1972 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1, 165 hp SAE net 1973–1976 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1, EGRcatalyzed from 1975 1977 4 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1 1978–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm Chevrolet 8.5:1, 8.4:1 after 1978 1980 at 4,000 rpm 8.6:1 1981 at 3,800 rpm 8.6:1, higher torque (LG4) 1980 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,600 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,000 rpm L39, electronic feedback carb 1980 OHV V8 diesel at 3,600 rpm Oldsmobile 1981–1982 at 3,200 rpm improved "DX" version (LF9)
Шестицилиндровые двигатели
The engines used were originally Continental built L head inline sixes (OHV units for the wagons), but these were exchanged for Chevrolet sixes and small block V8s for the 1965 model year. These continued to change as Chevrolet introduced modifications, peaking with the 1969 L 48 350 V8 which produced (gross). In 1969, a Perkins 4.236 L diesel non turbo engine was available as an option for all models, but for only one year. By 1973, power for the 350 had decreased to and in 1975 catalytic converters were introduced. For 1980, the engine lineup was changed entirely, with a 3.8 litre V6 replacing the old inline unit, and a smaller 267 ci (4.4 L) standard V8. The big news was the Oldsmobile LF9 engine, a diesel V8. Six cylinder engines Model Years Layout Size Fuel system Power Origin Notes 1961–1964 L head I6 single carb at 3,100 rpm Continental Sedans only until 1963 1961–1962 OHV I6 single carb at 4,000 rpm Continental Station Wagon only 1963–1964 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Continental $57 option 1965–1968 OHV I6 single carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet base 1969–1970 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,200 rpm Chevrolet base 1971–1972 at 4,200 rpm 110 hp SAE net 1973–1975 at 3,600 rpm low comp, EGR 1976 single carb at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.3:1 1980 OHV V6 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,200 rpm LC3 V8 engines 1965–1967 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 1966–1968 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet 10.5:1 1969 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1 1968 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,600 rpm Chevrolet 1969 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 10.25:1 1970 at 4,500 rpm 9.0:1 1971–1972 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1, 165 hp SAE net 1973–1976 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1, EGRcatalyzed from 1975 1977 4 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1 1978–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm Chevrolet 8.5:1, 8.4:1 after 1978 1980 at 4,000 rpm 8.6:1 1981 at 3,800 rpm 8.6:1, higher torque (LG4) 1980 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,600 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,000 rpm L39, electronic feedback carb 1980 OHV V8 diesel at 3,600 rpm Oldsmobile 1981–1982 at 3,200 rpm improved "DX" version (LF9)
Модельные годы Расположение Объем Система питания Мощность Происхождение Примечания
1961–1964 L-образная головка I6 – однокарбюраторный – Continental Только для седанов до 1963 года
1961–1962 OHV I6 – однокарбюраторный – Continental Только для универсалов
1963–1964 OHV I6 – 2-ствольный карбюратор – Continental Опция за 57 долларов
1965–1968 OHV I6 – однокарбюраторный – Chevrolet Базовая комплектация
1969–1970 OHV I6 – 2-ствольный карбюратор – Chevrolet Базовая комплектация
1971–1972 – – – 110 л.с. SAE нетто
1973–1975 – – – – низкая компрессия, EGR
1976 – – однокарбюраторный – 8.2:1
1977–1979 – – – – 8.3:1
1980 OHV V6 – 2-ствольный карбюратор – Chevrolet
1981–1982 – – – – LC3 V8
The engines used were originally Continental built L head inline sixes (OHV units for the wagons), but these were exchanged for Chevrolet sixes and small block V8s for the 1965 model year. These continued to change as Chevrolet introduced modifications, peaking with the 1969 L 48 350 V8 which produced (gross). In 1969, a Perkins 4.236 L diesel non turbo engine was available as an option for all models, but for only one year. By 1973, power for the 350 had decreased to and in 1975 catalytic converters were introduced. For 1980, the engine lineup was changed entirely, with a 3.8 litre V6 replacing the old inline unit, and a smaller 267 ci (4.4 L) standard V8. The big news was the Oldsmobile LF9 engine, a diesel V8. Six cylinder engines Model Years Layout Size Fuel system Power Origin Notes 1961–1964 L head I6 single carb at 3,100 rpm Continental Sedans only until 1963 1961–1962 OHV I6 single carb at 4,000 rpm Continental Station Wagon only 1963–1964 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Continental $57 option 1965–1968 OHV I6 single carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet base 1969–1970 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,200 rpm Chevrolet base 1971–1972 at 4,200 rpm 110 hp SAE net 1973–1975 at 3,600 rpm low comp, EGR 1976 single carb at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.3:1 1980 OHV V6 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,200 rpm LC3 V8 engines 1965–1967 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 1966–1968 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet 10.5:1 1969 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1 1968 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,600 rpm Chevrolet 1969 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 10.25:1 1970 at 4,500 rpm 9.0:1 1971–1972 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1, 165 hp SAE net 1973–1976 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1, EGRcatalyzed from 1975 1977 4 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1 1978–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm Chevrolet 8.5:1, 8.4:1 after 1978 1980 at 4,000 rpm 8.6:1 1981 at 3,800 rpm 8.6:1, higher torque (LG4) 1980 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,600 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,000 rpm L39, electronic feedback carb 1980 OHV V8 diesel at 3,600 rpm Oldsmobile 1981–1982 at 3,200 rpm improved "DX" version (LF9)
V8 двигатели
The engines used were originally Continental built L head inline sixes (OHV units for the wagons), but these were exchanged for Chevrolet sixes and small block V8s for the 1965 model year. These continued to change as Chevrolet introduced modifications, peaking with the 1969 L 48 350 V8 which produced (gross). In 1969, a Perkins 4.236 L diesel non turbo engine was available as an option for all models, but for only one year. By 1973, power for the 350 had decreased to and in 1975 catalytic converters were introduced. For 1980, the engine lineup was changed entirely, with a 3.8 litre V6 replacing the old inline unit, and a smaller 267 ci (4.4 L) standard V8. The big news was the Oldsmobile LF9 engine, a diesel V8. Six cylinder engines Model Years Layout Size Fuel system Power Origin Notes 1961–1964 L head I6 single carb at 3,100 rpm Continental Sedans only until 1963 1961–1962 OHV I6 single carb at 4,000 rpm Continental Station Wagon only 1963–1964 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Continental $57 option 1965–1968 OHV I6 single carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet base 1969–1970 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,200 rpm Chevrolet base 1971–1972 at 4,200 rpm 110 hp SAE net 1973–1975 at 3,600 rpm low comp, EGR 1976 single carb at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.3:1 1980 OHV V6 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,200 rpm LC3 V8 engines 1965–1967 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 1966–1968 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet 10.5:1 1969 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1 1968 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,600 rpm Chevrolet 1969 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 10.25:1 1970 at 4,500 rpm 9.0:1 1971–1972 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1, 165 hp SAE net 1973–1976 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1, EGRcatalyzed from 1975 1977 4 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1 1978–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm Chevrolet 8.5:1, 8.4:1 after 1978 1980 at 4,000 rpm 8.6:1 1981 at 3,800 rpm 8.6:1, higher torque (LG4) 1980 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,600 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,000 rpm L39, electronic feedback carb 1980 OHV V8 diesel at 3,600 rpm Oldsmobile 1981–1982 at 3,200 rpm improved "DX" version (LF9)
The engines used were originally Continental built L head inline sixes (OHV units for the wagons), but these were exchanged for Chevrolet sixes and small block V8s for the 1965 model year. These continued to change as Chevrolet introduced modifications, peaking with the 1969 L 48 350 V8 which produced (gross). In 1969, a Perkins 4.236 L diesel non turbo engine was available as an option for all models, but for only one year. By 1973, power for the 350 had decreased to and in 1975 catalytic converters were introduced. For 1980, the engine lineup was changed entirely, with a 3.8 litre V6 replacing the old inline unit, and a smaller 267 ci (4.4 L) standard V8. The big news was the Oldsmobile LF9 engine, a diesel V8. Six cylinder engines Model Years Layout Size Fuel system Power Origin Notes 1961–1964 L head I6 single carb at 3,100 rpm Continental Sedans only until 1963 1961–1962 OHV I6 single carb at 4,000 rpm Continental Station Wagon only 1963–1964 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Continental $57 option 1965–1968 OHV I6 single carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet base 1969–1970 OHV I6 2 bbl carb at 4,200 rpm Chevrolet base 1971–1972 at 4,200 rpm 110 hp SAE net 1973–1975 at 3,600 rpm low comp, EGR 1976 single carb at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.3:1 1980 OHV V6 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,200 rpm LC3 V8 engines 1965–1967 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 1966–1968 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,400 rpm Chevrolet 10.5:1 1969 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1 1968 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 4,600 rpm Chevrolet 1969 OHV V8 4 bbl carb at 4,800 rpm Chevrolet 10.25:1 1970 at 4,500 rpm 9.0:1 1971–1972 at 4,800 rpm 9.0:1, 165 hp SAE net 1973–1976 2 bbl carb at 4,000 rpm at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1, EGRcatalyzed from 1975 1977 4 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm 8.5:1 1978–1979 at 3,800 rpm 8.2:1 1977–1979 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,800 rpm Chevrolet 8.5:1, 8.4:1 after 1978 1980 at 4,000 rpm 8.6:1 1981 at 3,800 rpm 8.6:1, higher torque (LG4) 1980 OHV V8 2 bbl carb at 3,600 rpm Chevrolet 1981–1982 at 4,000 rpm L39, electronic feedback carb 1980 OHV V8 diesel at 3,600 rpm Oldsmobile 1981–1982 at 3,200 rpm improved "DX" version (LF9)
Конец производства
Последний Marathon был изготовлен в 1982 году, когда Checker прекратил производство автомобилей. Компания продолжала работу еще 27 лет, производя штампованные детали кузова для General Motors, Ford и Chrysler, до января 2009 года, когда из-за кризиса в автомобильной промышленности США она была объявлена банкротом и начала процедуру ликвидации.
The final Marathon was manufactured in 1982, when Checker exited the automobile manufacturing business. The company continued operations for an additional 27 years producing body stampings for General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler, until January 2009, when it entered bankruptcy liquidation as a result of the downturn in the USA auto industry.
Нью-Йорк
В течение десятилетий Checker был такси по умолчанию для Нью-Йорка и многих других американских городов. Вместительность автомобиля (возможность перевозить много пассажиров), прочная конструкция, отсутствие ежегодных изменений в дизайне (особенно в моделях 1958 года выпуска и более поздних, что упрощало управление запчастями), а также задние четвертные панели, крепящиеся на болтах, – все это способствовало повсеместному распространению Marathon на улицах Манхэттена. Последний нью-йоркский Checker был списан в 1999 году и принадлежал Эрлу Джонсону с 1978 года. Этот Marathon проехал более 750 000 миль и трижды подвергался замене двигателя за время эксплуатации. Практически в любом фильме, действие которого происходит в Нью-Йорке в 1960-х, 1970-х и 1980-х годах, можно увидеть Checker Marathon. Многие фильмы, действие которых разворачивается в 1950-х и 1960-х годах, используют Checker, собранные в 1970-х и начале 1980-х годов, поскольку кузова были практически идентичными, а также из-за нехватки сохранившихся ранних моделей. Кроме того, в фильмах и сериалах, изображающих Советский Союз или страны Восточного блока, таких как "Парк Горького" и оригинальный сериал "Миссия невыполнима", Checker Marathon использовались для изображения советских автомобилей GAZ-13 "Чайка".
For decades, Checker was the taxicab of choice for New York City and many other American cities. The size of the car (seating many passengers), the robust construction, the lack of yearly changes to the styling (especially the 1958 and later models, simplifying parts management), and the bolt on rear quarter panels all contributed to the Marathon's ubiquity on the streets of Manhattan. The last New York City Checker cab retired in 1999, operated by Earl Johnson from 1978 onwards. The Marathon covered over 750,000 miles and had three engine replacements over the years. Virtually any film set in New York City in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s will show a Checker Marathon. Many movies set in the 1950s and 1960s use Checker cabs built in the 1970s and early 1980s, since the bodies were virtually the same, and due to the lack of usable early specimens. Also, in works depicting the Soviet Union or East Bloc countries, such as the film Gorky Park and the original Mission: Impossible television series, Checker Marathons were used to depict Soviet made GAZ 13 Chaika automobiles.
Каламазуо
Помимо использования в качестве такси, автомобили Marathon также закупались полицейскими управлениями, в частности, в Каламазу, где располагалась фабрика Checker.
Apart from taxicab use, Marathons were also bought by police departments, most notably in Kalamazoo, where Checker had its factory.
Ватикан
В конце 1960-х и в начале 1970-х годов некоторые чёрные автомобили SCV (Stato Città del Vaticano, Ватикан) A12 Marathon использовались для перевозки свиты Папы Павла VI во время кортежей.
In the late 1960s and into the early 1970s, some black SCV plated (Stato Città del Vaticano Vatican City) A12 Marathons were used to accommodate Pope Paul VI's entourage in motorcades.