Вампиры в массовой культуре: от литературы до видеоигр

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Vampires are frequently represented in popular culture across various forms of media, including appearances in ballet, films, literature, music, opera, theatre, paintings, and video games. Though there are diverse and creative interpretations and depictions of vampires, the common defining trait is their consumption of blood for sustenance. They are represented using different mediums, including comic books, films, games. Examples of notable vampire themed works, span from classic films like Nosferatu, to modern franchises like Twilight and Underworld. The role of vampires in role playing games, particularly Dungeons & Dragons and Vampire: The Masquerade, is noteworthy. Vampires appear in vampire themed manga and TV shows.

Comic books and graphic novels such as Vampirella (1969), Tomb of Dracula (1972), Blade (1973), 30 Days of Night (2002) Anita Blake Guilty Pleasures, and Dracula vs. King Arthur (2005). In addition, many major superheroes have faced vampire supervillains at some point. Many comic books featuring Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin off Angel have been released. Marceline and the Scream Queens is a mini series of comic books focusing on Marceline the Vampire Queen from the cartoon TV show Adventure Time with Finn and Jake. The spin off comic was produced by BOOM! Studios and published between July and December 2012.

As a well known and iconic creature type, vampires are central to a variety of games, including board games, role playing games, and video games. These include a number of games where vampires are either incidental villains, or the primary villain of the game, as well as games that allow players to play as a vampire. It has been noted that vampires are "supernatural beings with a laundry list of fantastic abilities and a need for feeding on the living, which would presumably give numerous options for a plot". As late as 2014, however, it was lamented that there were not enough video games featuring vampires, with one commentary noting that "Vampires have never lent themselves readily to video games" due to their combination of cerebral and passionate characteristics, which "need something that most video games can't handle at the best of times, great writing".

The Fury of Dracula is a board game for 2 4 players designed by Stephen Hand and published by Games Workshop in 1987. Fantasy Flight Games released an updated version in 2006 as Fury of Dracula, and a third edition in 2015 by the same name. WizKids Games released a fourth edition in 2019. In the April 1988 edition of Dragon (Issue 132), Jim Bambra liked the first edition of the game, saying, "[It] takes some of the best elements of role playing games and neatly transposes them into an intriguing and fun board game." Bambra recommended the game, concluding, "Steeped in Gothic atmosphere and tinged with the unexpected, The Fury of Dracula game deserves to be in every gamer’s collection." Vampire: The Eternal Struggle (published as Jyhad in the first or "Limited" edition and often abbreviated as V:TES) is a multiplayer collectible card game published by White Wolf Publishing, set in the World of Darkness. The game was designed in 1994 by Richard Garfield and initially published by Wizards of the Coast and was the third CCG ever created. As Garfield's first follow up to his popular Magic: The Gathering collectible card game, he was eager to prove that the genre was "a form of game as potentially diverse as board games". In 1995 the game was renamed from Jyhad to Vampire: The Eternal Struggle to increase its appeal and distance itself from the Islamic term jihad.

In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role playing game, the vampire is an undead creature. A humanoid or monstrous humanoid creature can become a vampire, and looks as it did in life, with pale skin, haunting red eyes, and a feral cast to its features. A new vampire is created when another vampire drains the life out of a living creature. Its depiction is related to those in 1930s and 1940s Hollywood Dracula and monster movies. In writing vampires into the game, as with other creatures arising in folklore, the authors had to consider what elements arising in more recent popular culture should be incorporated into their description and characteristics. The vampire was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described simply as powerful undead. They appeared again in the Greyhawk supplement. The vampire later appeared in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where its description was changed somewhat to a chaotic evil, night prowling creature whose powerful negative force drains life energy from victims. One popular Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting, Ravenloft, has as a central character a vampire named Strahd Von Zarovich, who is both ruler and prisoner of his own personal domain of Barovia. How Count Von Zarovich became the darklord of Barovia was detailed in the novel, I, Strahd: The Memoirs of a Vampire.

The role playing game Vampire: The Masquerade has been influential upon modern vampire fiction and elements of its terminology, such as embrace and sire, appear in contemporary fiction. GURPS Cabal, a book that features a customizable campaign setting for the GURPS role playing game system, depicts a modern day secret society composed of vampires, lycanthropes and sorcerers who study the underlying principles of magic and visit other planes of existence and was integrated into Infinite Worlds, the "default" (core) setting for GURPS's 4th Edition. The Third Edition GURPS supplement Blood Types lists 47 different "species" of vampires describing 30 of them from both folklore and fiction in 23 listings (several are simply different names for the same type of vampire; for example the Burma's Kephn is considered a male version of the Penanggalen)

Shadowrun features vampires whose existence is explained by a resurgence of the Human Meta Human Vampiric Virus. As such, the afflicted are not undead, but instead are still alive but radically changed by the retrovirus. They normally do not suffer from the supernatural limitations such as crosses, but still are vulnerable to sunlight. In the tabletop wargame Warhammer Fantasy, Vampire Counts are one of the playable forces.

One of the earliest video games featuring a vampire as the antagonist is The Count, a 1979 text adventure for various platforms, in which local villagers send the player to defeat Count Dracula. A number of video game developers "have taken inspiration from the vampire myth to create unique gaming experiences that have players hunting down the beasts as well as playing as a member of the undead". Popular video games about vampires include Castlevania, which is an extension of the original Bram Stoker novel Dracula, and Legacy of Kain. A number of websites have compiled "best of" lists of vampire games, with games frequently mentioned including Castlevania: Symphony of the Night, Darkwatch, Infamous: Festival of Blood, Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver, and Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines. While most vampire themed games involve some kind of combat between the player (either fighting vampires, or as a vampire fighting other foes), some games incorporate vampires without including those elements. In particular, The Sims 4 features the game pack, The Sims 4: Vampires, which includes Vampires as a life state, with Gothic themed objects, outfits, interactions, aspirations, foods, and a Vampire Lore Skill. It is only available for digital download. The pack also features a new neighborhood called Forgotten Hollow which, fitting with the vampiric theme, has longer nighttimes than other neighborhoods. It takes elements from The Sims 2: Nightlife, The Sims 3: Late Night and The Sims 3: Supernatural.

Japanese anime and manga features vampires in several titles, including JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (1987), Vampire Princess Miyu (OAV 1988, TV series 1997), Nightwalker: The Midnight Detective (1998), Vampire Hunter D (2000), Blood: The Last Vampire (2000), Hellsing (2002), Vampire Host (2004), Tsukihime, Lunar Legend (2003), Tsukuyomi Moon Phase (2004), Bleach (2005), Blood+ (2005),Trinity Blood (2005),Vampire Knight,'(2005)'Karin (2006), Black Blood Brothers (2006), Shiki (2007), Rosario + Vampire (2004) and Castlevania:The Animated series.

Marilyn Manson has a song entitled "If I Was Your Vampire." It is the opening track on the band's sixth studio album, "Eat Me, Drink Me," which has several other songs that deal with vampiric themes. The band also has a song called "No Reflection" (from the album "Born Villain") in direct reference to the belief that vampires do not have reflections. Bonnie Tyler has a song entitled "Total Eclipse of the Heart" which was a huge hit and was originally written as a vampire love song. Alternative rock band HIM has a song called "Vampire Heart" on their Dark Light album. Concrete Blonde has a song titled "Bloodletting (The Vampire Song)" on their Bloodletting album. Darkthrone has a song and album entitled "Transilvanian Hunger". My Chemical Romance has a song titled "Vampires Will Never Hurt You" on their debut album, I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love. Ash has a song entitled "Vampire Love" on their album Meltdown. Nox Arcana recorded the album Transylvania based on Bram Stoker's Dracula. The folk band Antsy Pants has a song entitled "Vampire" on their debut album "Antsy Pants". Xandria plays a song called "Vampire". Blue Öyster Cult has a song titled "Nosferatu", and another called "I Love the Night", in which the narrator succumbs to a female vampire's seduction and becomes one himself. They are the last two tracks on the original release of the band's Spectres album. Cuban singer Lissette has a song title "Vampiro" on her 1989 album Maniqui. Fall out Boy's "A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More "Touch Me"" music video revolves around vampires. Falling in Reverse has a song entitled "I'm Not A Vampire" on their album "The Drug in Me Is You". Ice Nine Kills has a song named Bloodbath and Beyond on their album Every Trick In The Book. The song is about Dracula. The Orion Experience have a song titled "Vampire" on their Sugar Deluxe album. Vocaloid musician DECO*27 has a song titled "The Vampire" (ヴァンパイア) on his album MANNEQUIN. The music video depicts Hatsune Miku as a vampire. Pop Star Olivia Rodrigo has a song titled "vampire" on her second studio album, GUTS.

"The Vampire" (1897) by Philip Burne Jones depicts an alluring female vampire crouched over a male victim. The model was the famous actress Mrs Patrick Campbell. This femme fatale inspired a poem of the same name (also 1897) by Rudyard Kipling. Like much of Kipling's verse it was incredibly popular, and its inspired many early silent films whose "vampires" were actually "vamps" rather than being supernatural undead blood suckers. The 1913 film The Vampire features the famous and controversial "Vampire Dance", which takes inspiration from the painting. The poem's refrain: A fool there was . , describing a seduced man, became the title of the popular film A Fool There Was (1915) which made Theda Bara a star, and the archetypal cinematic "vamp".

Hellsing (2001–2002)" manga and TV series and the later anime remake "Hellsing Ultimate" (2006–2012): An anime series about a vampire named Alucard. He is the main protagonist in the Hellsing series and the most powerful weapon of the Hellsing Organization which works against vampires and other such supernatural forces. Alucard is no mere vampire; it has been implied that he is the most powerful vampire alive and may be the most powerful character in the series. Dark Shadows (1966–1971), a gothic horror themed soap opera featuring vampire Barnabas Collins. This presentation carried over the traditional lore of vampires as creatures of the night who sleep in coffins, cast no reflection and wear black capes. However, the series was one of the first to humanize its vampire, depicting Barnabas Collins as a sympathetic, emotionally conflicted anti hero. Star Trek (1966): In the original series episode titled "The Man Trap", there is a creature that lives on a remote planet that Captain Kirk and the away team encounter, which appears to be a female human but is otherwise a hideous chameleon like creature that can take on human appearance. This creature makes its way aboard their starship, the Enterprise, and kills several crew members. The creature is a pseudo vampire, as it looks nothing like a vampire but draws others' life force from them by sucking all the salt from their bodies. Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1972–1975): This was a television series in which Kolchak discovers an overlooked victim from a crime scene, now turned vampire, has made her way from Las Vegas to Los Angeles in episode #4, titled "The Vampire" (1974) which is a sequel of the first of the two TV movies, the series being inspired by "The Night Stalker" movie which also had vampires (a TV movie made in 1972). See List of Kolchak: The Night Stalker episodes. There was a very short lived remake of this series simply called "Night Stalker" (2005). The Curse Of Dracula (1979): Count Dracula is alive and well and teaching college in 1979. The series lasted one season and featured flashback memories of Count Dracula, using sepia tone to show scenes in a different era of time. Dracula: The Series (1990): This show was a Saturday morning feature with Van Helsing's descendants and vampires. Forever Knight (1992–1996): A Canadian TV series featuring a vampire known as Det. Nicholas 'Nick' Knight, who works at night and is a detective on the police force. In some episodes of this series, Nick's eyes would change to a silver white color. Outer Limits: The New Series (1995): In an episode called "Caught In the Act", a small town girl encounters a mysterious object that crashes through her ceiling into her bedroom. She is then turned into a lustful girl with a vampiric type entity inhabiting her which demands sex from everyone she meets, and in the process, then absorbs their energy from them until they die. Will it be any different with her boyfriend, with which they were both previously waiting to have sex until marriage? Kindred: The Embraced (1996): This series features a conclave of vampires highly organized like a mob. Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997): Inspired by the movie of the same title. The vampires in this series are presented as strong but fundamentally 'fragile' walking corpses, vulnerable to sunlight, decapitation, and stakes through the heart, and are clearly established as being demons possessing human corpses rather than humans corrupted by their vampire instincts. The vampire Angel is an exception to this rule, as he was cursed with his soul over a century ago, restoring his capacity for compassion and grief, driving him to seek redemption for his sins in the spin off series "Angel". Earth: Final Conflict (1997–2002): In the fifth and final season of this series, there is an episode, in a departure from the current storyline, that replaces the Taelons with the newly born and more aggressive alien race of energy vampires called the Atavus. Angel (1999): A spinoff of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Unlike most vampires in the Whedonverse, Angel was cursed with a soul. If he was ever to experience a moment of perfect happiness, he would lose the soul and become Angelus, the ruthless and bloodthirsty vampire that he was in the past. Angel seeks redemption for his crimes by helping others who have supernatural problems. Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000–2001): Several episodes feature an energy vampire named NOS 4 A2, created by Zurg, who controls machines that he bites. Blood Ties (2006–2008): Based on the "Blood Books" by Tanya Huff. This series was a supernatural drama that revolved around Vicki Nelson, a former homicide cop now a private investigator, and Henry Fitzroy, a 470 year old vampire. Together they form a team which solves cases and deals with the supernatural world. Moonlight (2007–2008): In this TV series, the vampire Mick St. John has a love interest who is a mortal woman. Blade: The Series (2008): Inspired by the "Blade" saga of films (minus Wesley Snipes in the lead role). Like the movie, Blade is only half vampire so he can effortlessly walk in the daylight to slay vampires. He is called a "daywalker", since sunlight doesn't bother him in the least. Being Human (2008–2013): A British television series about a vampire, a werewolf, and a ghost sharing a flat in Bristol. While a lot of vampires give into their nature, drinking blood and killing people without remorse, other vampires in the series feel guilty. These vampires try to give up their blood drinking addiction; however, their true nature usually comes through at some point. True Blood (2008–2014): A cable TV series about vampires as well as a host of other supernatural beings. This series continues the folklore that vampires cannot walk in the daylight. The Vampire Diaries (2009–2017): The TV series plot eventually has two brothers biding over the hand of a mortal girl who looks just like a vampire girl they knew generations ago. The vampires have 'daylight rings' made by witches that allow them to walk in the daylight. In the popular (2010) cartoon TV show Adventure Time, one of the main recurring characters is Marceline the Vampire Queen. Being Human (2011–2014): An American remake series of the British TV series of the same name. The show included vampires, werewolves, disembodied spirits, and witches. The Originals (2013–2018): A spinoff of "The Vampire Diaries" TV series, dealing with a family of vampires, a brooding faction between witches of the court of New Orleans and the vampires, as well as some shapeshifter wolves. Dracula (2013–2014): The mysticism of Count Dracula as a wealthy and seductive force to be reckoned with is further embellished in this drama, telling the story of his character and genius as both an entrepreneur and an inventor, a Tesla of his times. Also, this drama's sub theme deals with his obsession to permanently walk in sunlight, while seeking a romantic liaison with Mina Murray, who appears to be a doppelganger or reincarnation of his past lover. He carries out his business transactions while hiding from a secret society cult that has sought to destroy all vampires for centuries. From Dusk till Dawn (2014): A series inspired by the movie of the same name. Grimm season 3, episode 14 titled “Mommy Dearest” (2014): This show centres around Nick Burkhardt, an American police officer who can see people who have an alternative animal side, which can in some cases be evil. This episode uses a figure taken from Filipino folklore, the Aswang, a creature (someone with an evil side let loose) something like a cross between a vampire and a werewolf, a humanoid shape shifter that feeds on unborn infants of pregnant women. American Horror Story: Hotel (2015–2016), the fifth season of the FX anthology series American Horror Story: The season focuses on the fictional Hotel Cortez and its inhabitants, vampire like creatures that are immortal, feed on blood, and are adverse to sunlight. Countess Elizabeth Johnson is the owner of the titular hotel. Her brood of children is infected with the blood virus, as is her lover Donovan and arch nemesis Ramona Royale. Throughout the season, references to pop culture vampires, such as Count Orlok, are frequently made. Vampirina (2017): A Disney Junior original series about Vampirina "Vee" Hauntley moving from Transylvania to Pennsylvania with her family, all of whom are benevolent vampires. What We Do In The Shadows (2019–present): A spinoff of the 2014 film of the same name, a mockumentary comedy TV show that revolves around three vampires that reside together in Staten Island.

Many regional vampire myths, or other creatures similar to or related to vampires have appeared in popular culture.

In the film I Am Legend, a mutated virus turns some humans and dogs into vampiric beings, called "Darkseekers", that prey on unmutated humans and dogs.

In the movie Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), Count Dracula calls his wolf pet by the names strigoi and moroi. Mike Mignola's Right Hand of Doom, from the Hellboy series, features a female vampire proclaiming that the vârcolac (singular entity here) is the master of the moroii and strigoi. Richelle Mead's Vampire Academy series features Moroi as the protagonists and Strigoi as the antagonists.

The TV series Supernatural features a shtriga in the season 1 episode "Something Wicked". In a homage to The Simpsons, the shtriga in 'Supernatural' was said to have moved through Brockway, Ogdenville, and North Haverbrook, the same towns taken in by the monorail conman in the episode Marge vs. the Monorail. Shtrigas also appear in Andrzej Sapkowski's The Witcher short stories and saga.

In the 2008 adventure video game A Vampyre Story, one of the more prominent characters is named Madam Strigoi and, although she is not herself a vampyre (as far as is known), she has great insight into vampires. The video game Ace Combat 6 features an elite enemy fighter squadron called "Strigon Team" formally known as the "Vampire Team", whose insignia and paint scheme contains death motifs and whose commander flies an experimental aircraft named "Nosferatu". The Underground adventure game Ben Jordan: Case 3 features a Strigoi who goes by the name of Zortherus. In the Disgaea video game series, there is a class of vampires called Strigoi. In the 2008 video game Soul Calibur 4, the French fencer (and vampire) Raphael Sorel has a move called the Strigoi Envelopment. The 2007 video game The Witcher, based on the novels by Andrzej Sapkowski, features a vampiric female creature known as a striga. The Sixth Edition of the Warhammer Fantasy Battle game gives the name Strigoi to a bloodline of monstrous vampires, similar to Count Orlok. In Dragon's Dogma: Dark Arisen, Strigoi are encountered as enemies after the defeat of the main boss. They look like large, blood red gargoyles and attack by draining blood from the Arisen and their pawns using their tail. One of the playable heroes in Defense of the Ancients, Strygwygr the Bloodseeker, is based on Poltergeist, a variant of vampire. Darkstalkers heavily features vampires, such as Demitri Maximoff (a classic Dracula type of vampire) and Hsein Ko who is a Jiang shi (a type of Chinese vampire), and other monsters.

One of the villains in the 30 Days of Night (2007) film is listed as "Strigoi" in the end credits. In the film Bloodstone: Subspecies II (1993), some of the characters refer to vampires as "strigoi". In the Dracula 2000 movie, Count Dracula calls his wolf pet by the names of "strigoi" and "moroi". The 2009 film Strigoi involves vampires in Romania, which are referred to as "strigoi".

The term is used in a song from the black metal band Dark Funeral called "Ravenna Strigoi Mortii" on the album Vobiscum Satanas. Italian musician Lord Vampyr, famous for being the former vocalist of the gothic metal band Theatres des Vampires, has a song named "Strigoi" on his second solo studio album, Carpathian Tragedies (2009). German power metal band Powerwolf has a song called "Armata Strigoi" on the album Blessed & Possessed (2015).

A group of strigoi appeared in the episode "Bite Father, Bite Son" in the animated series American Dragon: Jake Long. Strigoi are the featured enemy in the 1999 episode "Darkness Visible" of the show Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. The strigoi was featured in the Animal Planet TV series Lost Tapes. In the ABC television series Scariest Places on Earth, strigoi are discussed in an episode called "Return to Romania Dare." The episode originally aired on April 21, 2002. The vampires in the 2014 television series The Strain are referred to as strigoi by the character Abraham. In "Earth Final Conflict" (1997–2002), energy vampires as such are called the Atavus. They are not the traditional style vampires of folklore. In the TV series "Vampire Dairies" and "The Originals" the vampires have what are called 'daylight rings' made by witches allowing them to walk in daylight. There is even one ring made that allows the user any mortal to bet death if killed. (Even the werewolves in "The Originals" series were seeking to get 'moonlight rings' to keep them all from turning into wolves when they do not want to).

The Stirge was presented as a popular monster in Dungeons & Dragons. In the game, it took the form of a many legged flying creature which sucked the blood from its victims through a sharp, tubular beak. A version of the striga makes an appearance in The Witcher video game based on the works of Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski. As a demonic undead creature, which transforms from the corpse of a dead child conceived via incest, striga in the Witcher's universe does not look like insects or vampires but looks similar to a ghoul with a muscular quadrupedal body, big claws, and a fang filled mouth. The strix make an appearance in the Vampire: The Requiem historical book Requiem for Rome. In contrast to the more traditional vampires presented in the line, the strix are disembodied spirits who commonly take the shape of owls and can possess both humans and torpored vampires. It is rumored that the strix restored Remus to undeath, and corrupted a sixth clan of vampires who were destroyed en masse. The strix believed themselves to be betrayed by the vampires of Rome, especially those of the Julii clan, and swore to bring about their ruin. They reappear in Night Horrors: Wicked Dead as heralds of disaster, mainly unbound by their former oath (although they still occasionally pursue such activities for personal reasons). Immensely amoral libertines, they view vampires clinging to humanity as weak, and as such will often serve as tempters in order to make them lose themselves to the Beast. Strix are also described in the GURPS third edition Sourcebook for Vampires Blood Types. They are described as witches who, having made pacts with dark entities, gained the ability to become blood drinking birds at night. What their pacts with these dark forces require of them is not described.

Mario Bava's 1963 anthology film Black Sabbath includes one segment about the wurdulac based on Tolstoy's story and starring Boris Karloff. In 1972, the Italian/Spanish film called La Notte dei Diavoli (Night of the Devils) was also based on Tolstoy's story. The character of Stefan (portrayed by Adam Croasdell) in the 2012 film Werewolf: The Beast Among Us was a wurdulac.