Введение
Бывший второй уровень Османской провинции во Французском сирийском мандате, ныне провинция Хатай.
The Sanjak of Alexandretta (لواء الإسكندرونة; İskenderun Sancağı; ) was a sanjak of the Mandate of Syria composed of two qadaas of the former Aleppo Vilayet (Alexandretta and Antioch, now İskenderun and Antakya). It became autonomous under Article 7 of the 1921 Treaty of Ankara: "A special administrative regime shall be established for the district of Alexandretta. The Turkish inhabitants of this district shall enjoy facility for their cultural development. The Turkish language shall have official recognition". In 1923, Alexandretta was attached to the State of Aleppo, and in 1925, it was attached to the combined State of Syria, with a sort of federal administrative status termed régime spécial. The 1936 elections in the sanjak returned two MPs favoring the independence of Syria from France, and this prompted communal riots as well as passionate articles in the Turkish and Syrian press. The sanjak was given autonomy in November 1937 in an arrangement brokered by the League. Under its new statute, the sanjak became 'distinct but not separated' from the French Mandate of Syria on the diplomatic level, linked to both France and Turkey for defence matters. | bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="left"
! Ethnic group
! Inhabitants
! %
|
| Alawites || 61,600 || 28%
|
| Sunni Arabs || 22,000 || 10%
|
| Turks || 85,800 || 39%
|
| Armenians || 24,200 || 11%
|
| Melkites, Greeks and other Christians|| 17,600 || 8%
|
| Circassians, Jews, Kurds || 8,800 || 4%
|
| Total || 220,000 || 100%
|
|}
Despite the plurality, Turks were overrepresented in the assembly of the province, constituting more than half of it. The minorities took their oaths in Turkish when they were appointed as a deputy.
Саняк Александретты (لواء الإسكندرونة; İskenderun Sancağı; ) был санджаком Мандата Сирии, состоящим из двух кадасов бывшего вилайета Алеппо (Александретта и Антиохия, ныне Искандерун и Антакия). Он получил автономию в соответствии со статьей 7 Анкарского договора 1921 года: «Для округа Александретта будет установлен особый административный режим. Турецкие жители этого округа будут иметь возможности для развития своей культуры. Турецкий язык получит официальное признание». В 1923 году Александретта была присоединена к Государю Алеппо, а в 1925 году – к объединенному Государю Сирия, с некоторым видом федерального административного статуса, называемого «специальным режимом». Выборы 1936 года в санджаке привели к избранию двух депутатов, выступавших за независимость Сирии от Франции, что спровоцировало межобщинные беспорядки, а также вызванные этим страстные статьи в турецкой и сирийской прессе. В ноябре 1937 года санджаку была предоставлена автономия в рамках соглашения, заключенного при посредничестве Лиги Наций. Согласно новому статуту, санджак стал «отличным, но не отделенным» от Французского мандата Сирии на дипломатическом уровне, связанным как с Францией, так и с Турцией по вопросам обороны.
The Sanjak of Alexandretta (لواء الإسكندرونة; İskenderun Sancağı; ) was a sanjak of the Mandate of Syria composed of two qadaas of the former Aleppo Vilayet (Alexandretta and Antioch, now İskenderun and Antakya). It became autonomous under Article 7 of the 1921 Treaty of Ankara: "A special administrative regime shall be established for the district of Alexandretta. The Turkish inhabitants of this district shall enjoy facility for their cultural development. The Turkish language shall have official recognition". In 1923, Alexandretta was attached to the State of Aleppo, and in 1925, it was attached to the combined State of Syria, with a sort of federal administrative status termed régime spécial. The 1936 elections in the sanjak returned two MPs favoring the independence of Syria from France, and this prompted communal riots as well as passionate articles in the Turkish and Syrian press. The sanjak was given autonomy in November 1937 in an arrangement brokered by the League. Under its new statute, the sanjak became 'distinct but not separated' from the French Mandate of Syria on the diplomatic level, linked to both France and Turkey for defence matters. | bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="left"
! Ethnic group
! Inhabitants
! %
|
| Alawites || 61,600 || 28%
|
| Sunni Arabs || 22,000 || 10%
|
| Turks || 85,800 || 39%
|
| Armenians || 24,200 || 11%
|
| Melkites, Greeks and other Christians|| 17,600 || 8%
|
| Circassians, Jews, Kurds || 8,800 || 4%
|
| Total || 220,000 || 100%
|
|}
Despite the plurality, Turks were overrepresented in the assembly of the province, constituting more than half of it. The minorities took their oaths in Turkish when they were appointed as a deputy.
| Этническая группа | Численность населения | % |
|---|---|---|
| Алавиты | 61 600 | 28% |
| Суннитские арабы | 22 000 | 10% |
| Турки | 85 800 | 39% |
| Армяне | 24 200 | 11% |
| Мелкиты, греки и другие христиане | 17 600 | 8% |
| Черкесы, евреи, курды | 8 800 | 4% |
| Итого | 220 000 | 100% |
The Sanjak of Alexandretta (لواء الإسكندرونة; İskenderun Sancağı; ) was a sanjak of the Mandate of Syria composed of two qadaas of the former Aleppo Vilayet (Alexandretta and Antioch, now İskenderun and Antakya). It became autonomous under Article 7 of the 1921 Treaty of Ankara: "A special administrative regime shall be established for the district of Alexandretta. The Turkish inhabitants of this district shall enjoy facility for their cultural development. The Turkish language shall have official recognition". In 1923, Alexandretta was attached to the State of Aleppo, and in 1925, it was attached to the combined State of Syria, with a sort of federal administrative status termed régime spécial. The 1936 elections in the sanjak returned two MPs favoring the independence of Syria from France, and this prompted communal riots as well as passionate articles in the Turkish and Syrian press. The sanjak was given autonomy in November 1937 in an arrangement brokered by the League. Under its new statute, the sanjak became 'distinct but not separated' from the French Mandate of Syria on the diplomatic level, linked to both France and Turkey for defence matters. | bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="left"
! Ethnic group
! Inhabitants
! %
|
| Alawites || 61,600 || 28%
|
| Sunni Arabs || 22,000 || 10%
|
| Turks || 85,800 || 39%
|
| Armenians || 24,200 || 11%
|
| Melkites, Greeks and other Christians|| 17,600 || 8%
|
| Circassians, Jews, Kurds || 8,800 || 4%
|
| Total || 220,000 || 100%
|
|}
Despite the plurality, Turks were overrepresented in the assembly of the province, constituting more than half of it. The minorities took their oaths in Turkish when they were appointed as a deputy.
Несмотря на то, что турки не составляли большинства, они были перепредставлены в ассамблее провинции, составляя более половины ее состава. Представители меньшинств приносили присягу на турецком языке при назначении на должность депутата.
The Sanjak of Alexandretta (لواء الإسكندرونة; İskenderun Sancağı; ) was a sanjak of the Mandate of Syria composed of two qadaas of the former Aleppo Vilayet (Alexandretta and Antioch, now İskenderun and Antakya). It became autonomous under Article 7 of the 1921 Treaty of Ankara: "A special administrative regime shall be established for the district of Alexandretta. The Turkish inhabitants of this district shall enjoy facility for their cultural development. The Turkish language shall have official recognition". In 1923, Alexandretta was attached to the State of Aleppo, and in 1925, it was attached to the combined State of Syria, with a sort of federal administrative status termed régime spécial. The 1936 elections in the sanjak returned two MPs favoring the independence of Syria from France, and this prompted communal riots as well as passionate articles in the Turkish and Syrian press. The sanjak was given autonomy in November 1937 in an arrangement brokered by the League. Under its new statute, the sanjak became 'distinct but not separated' from the French Mandate of Syria on the diplomatic level, linked to both France and Turkey for defence matters. | bgcolor=#f0f0f0 align="left"
! Ethnic group
! Inhabitants
! %
|
| Alawites || 61,600 || 28%
|
| Sunni Arabs || 22,000 || 10%
|
| Turks || 85,800 || 39%
|
| Armenians || 24,200 || 11%
|
| Melkites, Greeks and other Christians|| 17,600 || 8%
|
| Circassians, Jews, Kurds || 8,800 || 4%
|
| Total || 220,000 || 100%
|
|}
Despite the plurality, Turks were overrepresented in the assembly of the province, constituting more than half of it. The minorities took their oaths in Turkish when they were appointed as a deputy.
Государство Хатай
2 сентября 1938 года ассамблея провозгласила Санджак Александретты государством Хатай. Это государство просуществовало один год под совместным французским и турецким военным контролем. Название «Хатай» было предложено Ататюрком, а правительство находилось под контролем Турции. Президент Тайфур Сёкмен был членом турецкого парламента, избранным в 1935 году от провинции Анталия, а премьер-министр доктор Абдуррахман Мелек также был избран в турецкий парламент в 1939 году от провинции Газиантеп, оставаясь при этом на посту премьер-министра. 29 июня 1939 года, после проведения референдума, законодательное собрание Хатая проголосовало за упразднение государства Хатай и присоединение к Турции. В 1939 году государство Хатай стало провинцией Хатай в составе Турции.