Введение
Река в Бразилии
Roosevelt and his son Kermit undertook the adventure after the former U. S. president's failed attempt to regain the office as the "Bull Moose Party" candidate in 1912. Roosevelt's original plan for the expedition was much more leisurely, however upon arrival in South America he was convinced to adopt a more strenuous goal. The Roosevelt Rondon expedition was the first non Amazonian native party to travel and record what Rondon had named the "Rio da Dúvida", then one of the most unexplored and intimidating tributaries of the Amazon. Rondon had spent very little time on the river itself, only discovering its existence several years prior. Its end point was completely unknown. On top of this, sections of the river have impassable rapids and waterfalls, which hindered the expedition. Still carrying the bullet from his 1912 assassination attempt, Roosevelt, Rondon, and 17 other men set out to map the river's course. They covered nearly 1000 miles in a 33 day period, following waters that eventually fed into the Aripuanã River
In 1992 a third (modern) expedition was organized, funded, and led by Charles Haskell and Elizabeth McKnight of New Century Conservation Trust, a non profit environmental education organization in Maine, and sponsored in part by the Theodore Roosevelt Association, the American Museum of Natural History, and the National Wildlife Federation. This expedition consisted of a total of twenty persons including professional river guides Joe Willie Jones, Kelley Kalafatich, Jim Slade, and Mike Boyle, photographers Carr Clifton and Mark Greenberg, cinematographer Joe Kaminsky, Haskell's son Charles 'Chip' Haskell Jr. who served as the expedition's communications expert, Brazilian scientists Geraldo Mendes dos Santos and João Ferraz (ichthyologist and pharmacologist), and chiefs Oita Mina and Tatataré of the Cinta Larga tribe whose land borders much of the river. The expedition took 33 days to complete the nearly 1000 mile journey. While the Roosevelt Rondon Expedition had to portage almost all of the many rapids on the river with their heavy dugout canoes, the Haskel McKnight Expedition was able to safely navigate all of the rapids except for one which was portaged. Haskell reported that his expedition "found spots chronicled by the original team, saw plants and insects they described, and went down the rapids that crushed the dugout canoes of 1914". The expedition members were awarded the Theodore Roosevelt Association's Distinguished Service Medal for their achievement. A documentary of the expedition was subsequently produced and aired on PBS called the New Explorers: The River of Doubt narrated by Bill Kurtis and Wilford Brimley. Since this time, the expedition has inspired others to undergo its challenges such as Materials Science Professor Marc A. Meyers, Col. Huram Reis, Col. Ivan Angonese, and Jeffery Lehmann.
Рузвельт и его сын Кермит предприняли это приключение после неудачной попытки бывшего президента США вновь занять пост, баллотируясь от "Партии Бычьего Лося" в 1912 году. Изначальный план Рузвельта для экспедиции был более размеренным, однако по прибытии в Южную Америку его убедили поставить более сложную цель. Экспедиция Рузвельта и Рондона стала первой группой, не состоящей из коренных жителей бассейна Амазонки, которая исследовала и задокументировала реку, названную Рондоном "Рио-да-Дувида" – тогда один из самых малоизученных и опасных притоков Амазонки. Рондон сам провел на этой реке совсем немного времени, обнаружив ее существование лишь несколько лет назад. Ее исток оставался совершенно неизвестным. Кроме того, на некоторых участках реки были непроходимые пороги и водопады, что затрудняло продвижение. Все еще нося в себе пулю, полученную при покушении в 1912 году, Рузвельт, Рондон и 17 других человек отправились картографировать течение реки. За 33 дня они преодолели почти 1600 километров, следуя по водам, которые в конечном итоге впадали в реку Арипуана.
Roosevelt and his son Kermit undertook the adventure after the former U. S. president's failed attempt to regain the office as the "Bull Moose Party" candidate in 1912. Roosevelt's original plan for the expedition was much more leisurely, however upon arrival in South America he was convinced to adopt a more strenuous goal. The Roosevelt Rondon expedition was the first non Amazonian native party to travel and record what Rondon had named the "Rio da Dúvida", then one of the most unexplored and intimidating tributaries of the Amazon. Rondon had spent very little time on the river itself, only discovering its existence several years prior. Its end point was completely unknown. On top of this, sections of the river have impassable rapids and waterfalls, which hindered the expedition. Still carrying the bullet from his 1912 assassination attempt, Roosevelt, Rondon, and 17 other men set out to map the river's course. They covered nearly 1000 miles in a 33 day period, following waters that eventually fed into the Aripuanã River
In 1992 a third (modern) expedition was organized, funded, and led by Charles Haskell and Elizabeth McKnight of New Century Conservation Trust, a non profit environmental education organization in Maine, and sponsored in part by the Theodore Roosevelt Association, the American Museum of Natural History, and the National Wildlife Federation. This expedition consisted of a total of twenty persons including professional river guides Joe Willie Jones, Kelley Kalafatich, Jim Slade, and Mike Boyle, photographers Carr Clifton and Mark Greenberg, cinematographer Joe Kaminsky, Haskell's son Charles 'Chip' Haskell Jr. who served as the expedition's communications expert, Brazilian scientists Geraldo Mendes dos Santos and João Ferraz (ichthyologist and pharmacologist), and chiefs Oita Mina and Tatataré of the Cinta Larga tribe whose land borders much of the river. The expedition took 33 days to complete the nearly 1000 mile journey. While the Roosevelt Rondon Expedition had to portage almost all of the many rapids on the river with their heavy dugout canoes, the Haskel McKnight Expedition was able to safely navigate all of the rapids except for one which was portaged. Haskell reported that his expedition "found spots chronicled by the original team, saw plants and insects they described, and went down the rapids that crushed the dugout canoes of 1914". The expedition members were awarded the Theodore Roosevelt Association's Distinguished Service Medal for their achievement. A documentary of the expedition was subsequently produced and aired on PBS called the New Explorers: The River of Doubt narrated by Bill Kurtis and Wilford Brimley. Since this time, the expedition has inspired others to undergo its challenges such as Materials Science Professor Marc A. Meyers, Col. Huram Reis, Col. Ivan Angonese, and Jeffery Lehmann.
В 1992 году была организована третья (современная) экспедиция, финансируемая и возглавляемая Чарльзом Хаскеллом и Элизабет Макнайт из New Century Conservation Trust – некоммерческой организации, занимающейся экологическим образованием в штате Мэн, при поддержке Ассоциации Теодора Рузвельта, Американского музея естественной истории и Национальной федерации дикой природы. В состав экспедиции вошли двадцать человек, включая профессиональных речных гидов Джо Вилли Джонса, Келли Калафатич, Джима Слейда и Майка Бойла, фотографов Карра Клифтона и Марка Гринберга, оператора Джо Камински, сына Хаскелла, Чарльза "Чипа" Хаскелла-младшего, выполнявшего функции эксперта по коммуникациям, бразильских ученых Джеральдо Мендеса дос Сантоса и Жоао Ферраса (ихтиолога и фармаколога), а также вождей Оита Мины и Татаре из племени Синта-Ларжа, земли которых граничат с большей частью реки. Экспедиции потребовалось 33 дня, чтобы преодолеть почти 1600 километров. В то время как экспедиция Рузвельта и Рондона была вынуждена обносить почти все пороги на реке, используя тяжелые выдолбленные каноэ, экспедиция Хаскелла и Макнайт смогла безопасно пройти все пороги, за исключением одного, который пришлось обнести. Хаскелл сообщил, что его экспедиция "нашла места, описанные первопроходцами, увидела растения и насекомых, которые они зафиксировали, и прошла по порогам, которые разбили каноэ 1914 года". Члены экспедиции были удостоены медали за выдающиеся заслуги от Ассоциации Теодора Рузвельта. Позже о экспедиции был снят документальный фильм, показанный на канале PBS под названием "Новые исследователи: Река сомнений" с закадровым голосом Билла Куртиса и Уилфорда Бримли. С тех пор эта экспедиция вдохновила других на подобные испытания, таких как профессор материаловедения Марк А. Мейерс, полковник Хурам Рейс, полковник Иван Ангонезе и Джеффри Леман.
Roosevelt and his son Kermit undertook the adventure after the former U. S. president's failed attempt to regain the office as the "Bull Moose Party" candidate in 1912. Roosevelt's original plan for the expedition was much more leisurely, however upon arrival in South America he was convinced to adopt a more strenuous goal. The Roosevelt Rondon expedition was the first non Amazonian native party to travel and record what Rondon had named the "Rio da Dúvida", then one of the most unexplored and intimidating tributaries of the Amazon. Rondon had spent very little time on the river itself, only discovering its existence several years prior. Its end point was completely unknown. On top of this, sections of the river have impassable rapids and waterfalls, which hindered the expedition. Still carrying the bullet from his 1912 assassination attempt, Roosevelt, Rondon, and 17 other men set out to map the river's course. They covered nearly 1000 miles in a 33 day period, following waters that eventually fed into the Aripuanã River
In 1992 a third (modern) expedition was organized, funded, and led by Charles Haskell and Elizabeth McKnight of New Century Conservation Trust, a non profit environmental education organization in Maine, and sponsored in part by the Theodore Roosevelt Association, the American Museum of Natural History, and the National Wildlife Federation. This expedition consisted of a total of twenty persons including professional river guides Joe Willie Jones, Kelley Kalafatich, Jim Slade, and Mike Boyle, photographers Carr Clifton and Mark Greenberg, cinematographer Joe Kaminsky, Haskell's son Charles 'Chip' Haskell Jr. who served as the expedition's communications expert, Brazilian scientists Geraldo Mendes dos Santos and João Ferraz (ichthyologist and pharmacologist), and chiefs Oita Mina and Tatataré of the Cinta Larga tribe whose land borders much of the river. The expedition took 33 days to complete the nearly 1000 mile journey. While the Roosevelt Rondon Expedition had to portage almost all of the many rapids on the river with their heavy dugout canoes, the Haskel McKnight Expedition was able to safely navigate all of the rapids except for one which was portaged. Haskell reported that his expedition "found spots chronicled by the original team, saw plants and insects they described, and went down the rapids that crushed the dugout canoes of 1914". The expedition members were awarded the Theodore Roosevelt Association's Distinguished Service Medal for their achievement. A documentary of the expedition was subsequently produced and aired on PBS called the New Explorers: The River of Doubt narrated by Bill Kurtis and Wilford Brimley. Since this time, the expedition has inspired others to undergo its challenges such as Materials Science Professor Marc A. Meyers, Col. Huram Reis, Col. Ivan Angonese, and Jeffery Lehmann.
Население
В верхнем течении реки Рузвельт проживает народ Синта Ларга, некоторые представители которого были встречены экспедицией Рузвельта-Рондона в 1914 году. Синта Ларга до сих пор остаются относительно изолированными, однако ряд враждебных столкновений в начале XX века привели к трагическому пику в 1963 году. Резня на 11-й параллели произошла в ноябре 1963 года и привела к гибели более 3500 представителей народа Синта Ларга. Коренной заповедник Рузвельта (reserva Roosevelt) был создан в 1973 году и находится под управлением FUNAI, его площадь составляет и население – 1200 человек.