Креветка обыкновенная (Crangon crangon)

Species of shrimp
Speciesbox
| image = Crangon crangon. jpg
| genus = Crangon
| species = crangon
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
| synonyms =
Astacus crangon (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cancer crangon Linnaeus, 1758
Crago vulgaris (Fabricius, 1798)
Crangon maculatus Marcusen, 1867
Crangon maculosa Rathke, 1837
Crangon rubropunctatus Risso, 1816
Crangon vulgaris Fabricius, 1798
Steiracrangon orientalis Czerniavsky, 1884
| synonyms ref =   Commercially important, it is fished mainly in the southern North Sea. Common names include brown shrimp, common shrimp, bay shrimp, and sand shrimp, while translation of its French name crevette grise (or its Dutch equivalent grijze garnaal) sometimes leads to the English version grey shrimp.

Adults are typically long, although individuals up to have been recorded. The animals have cryptic colouration, being a sandy brown colour, which can be changed to match the environment.

C. crangon has a wide range, extending across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean from the White Sea in the north of Russia to the coast of Morocco, including the Baltic Sea, as well as occurring throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Despite its wide range, however, little gene flow occurs across certain natural barriers, such as the Strait of Gibraltar or the Bosphorus. The populations in the western Mediterranean Sea are thought to be the oldest, with the species' spread across the north Atlantic thought to postdate the Pleistocene. It is generally highly abundant, and has a significant effect on the ecosystems where it lives. The young hatch from their eggs into planktonic larvae. These pass through five moults before reaching the postlarval stage, when they settle to the sea floor.]] Historically, the commercial fishery was accomplished by horse drawn beam trawls on both sides of the Dover straits. In the sandy shallows of Morecambe Bay (Lancashire, UK) horses have been replaced by tractors. Some small fishing vessels also use beam trawls for brown shrimp. A few artisanal fishermen use hand pushed nets. In all UK shrimp fisheries, the catch is first 'riddled' to release the young of shrimps and fish. The shrimps are then traditionally boiled on board before landing. Over of C. crangon were caught in 1999, with Germany and the Netherlands taking over 80% of this total. In the Lancashire fishery for brown shrimp it has been shown that landings in any year are related to the annual catch, average annual air temperature (inverse) and total rainfall in the previous year. That has enabled a good prediction of annual landings one year in advance. Moreover, for the port of Lytham, the abundance of shrimp (annual catch per unit effort) was found to be closely correlated with the mean annual Zürich sunspot number for the period 1965 1975. Given that sunspot numbers are predictable, this provides another tool for the prediction of annual shrimp catch. Sunspot cycle No. 23 (1997–2008) is a good example of the correlation between UK annual brown shrimp catch and mean annual sunspot number. Brown shrimp have been documented to contain microplastics.

The consumption of brown shrimp is popular in Belgium, the Netherlands, northern Germany, and Denmark. Shrimp in general are known as garnalen in Dutch. It is the basis of the dish tomate crevettes, where the shrimp are mixed with mayonnaise and fresh parsley, and served in a hollowed out uncooked tomato. The shrimp croquette is another Belgian speciality; the shrimp are in the interior of the battered croquette along with béchamel sauce. Freshly cooked, unpeeled brown shrimp are often served as a snack accompanying beer, typically a sour ale or Flemish red such as Rodenbach. In Lancashire, England, the peeled brown shrimps are mixed with butter and spices (including nutmeg or mace) to make potted shrimps, a dish traditionally eaten with bread.