List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations

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The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents. A country adjective describes something as being from that country, for example, "Italian cuisine" is "cuisine of Italy". A country demonym denotes the people or the inhabitants of or from there; for example, "Germans" are people of or from Germany. Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final s or, in the case of ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending men has feminine equivalent women (e. g. Irishman, Scotswoman). The French terminations ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding e ( oise / aise) makes them singular feminine; es ( oises / aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish and Portuguese termination o usually denotes the masculine, and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the o and adding a. The plural forms are usually os and as respectively. Adjectives ending in ish can be used as collective demonyms (e. g. "the English", "the Cornish"). So can those ending in ch / tch (e. g. "the French", "the Dutch") provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e. g. the adjective Czech does not qualify). Many place name adjectives and many demonyms are also used for various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cuisines, cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.) In cases where two or more adjectival forms are given, there is often a subtle difference in usage between the two. This is particularly the case with Central Asian countries, where one form tends to relate to the nation and the other tends to relate to the predominant ethnic group (e. g. Uzbek is primarily an ethnicity, Uzbekistani relates to citizens of Uzbekistan).

Country/entity name Adjectivals Demonyms Abkhazia Abkhazians Afghanistan Afghan Afghans Åland Åland Island Ålanders Albania Albanian Albanians Algeria Algerian Algerians American Samoa American Samoan American Samoans Andorra Andorran Andorrans Angola Angolan Angolans Anguilla Anguillan Anguillans Antarctica Antarctic Antarctic residents, Antarcticans Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Armenian Armenians Aruba Aruban Arubans Australia Australian Australians Austria Austrian Austrians Azerbaijan The Bahamas Bahamian Bahamians Bahrain Bahraini Bahrainis Bangladesh Bangladeshi Bangladeshis Barbados Barbadian Barbadians Belarus Belarusian Belarusians Belgium Belgian Belgians Belize Belizean Belizeans Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bhutanese Bhutanese Bolivia Bolivian Bolivians Bonaire Bonaire Dutch Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Botswana Batswana (singular Motswana) Bouvet Island Bouvet Island Bouvet Islanders Brazil Brazilian Brazilians British Indian Ocean Territory BIOT British Brunei Bruneian Bruneians Bulgaria Bulgarian Bulgarians Burkina Faso Burkinabé Burundi Burundian Cabo Verde Cabo Verdean Cabo VerdeansCambodia Cambodian Cambodians Cameroon Cameroonian Cameroonians Canada Canadian Canadians Cayman Islands Caymanian Caymanians Central African Republic Central African Central Africans Chad Chadian Chadians Chile Chilean ChileansChina Chinese ChineseChristmas Island Christmas Island Christmas Islanders Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos Island Cocos Islanders Colombia Colombian Colombians Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Congolese Congolese Republic of the Congo Congolese Congolese Cook Islands Cook Island Cook Islanders Costa Rica Costa Rican Costa Ricans Croatia Croatian Cuba Cuban Cubans Curaçao Curaçaoan Curaçaoans Cyprus Cypriot Cypriots Czech Republic Czech Czechs Denmark Danish Danes Djibouti Djiboutian Djiboutians Dominica Dominican Dominicans Dominican Republic Dominican Dominicans East Timor Timorese Timorese Ecuador Ecuadorian Ecuadorians Egypt Egyptian Egyptians El Salvador Salvadoran England English Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eritrean Eritreans Estonia Estonian Estonians Eswatini Swazis Ethiopia Ethiopian European Union European Europeans Falkland Islands Falkland Island Falkland Islanders Faroe Islands Faroese Faroese Fiji Fijian Fijians Finland Finnish Finns France French French Guiana French Guianese French Guianese French Polynesia French Polynesian French Polynesians French Southern Territories French Southern Territories French Gabon Gabonese The Gambia Gambian Gambians Georgia Georgian Georgians Germany German Germans Ghana Ghanaian Ghanaians Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltarians Greece Greenland Greenlandic Greenlanders Grenada Grenadian Grenadians Guadeloupe Guadeloupe Guam Guamanian Guamanians Guatemala Guatemalan Guatemalans Guernsey Guernsey Guernseymen and Guernseywomen Guinea Guinean Guineans Guinea Bissau Bissau Guinean Bissau Guineans Guyana Guyanese Guyanese Haiti Haitian Haitians Heard Island and McDonald Islands Honduras Honduran Hondurans Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Icelandic Icelanders India Indian Indians Indonesia Indonesian Indonesians Iran Iraq Iraqi Iraqis Ireland Irish Isle of Man Manx Israel Israelis Italy Italian Italians Ivory Coast Ivorian Ivorians Jamaica Jamaican Jamaicans Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Jan Mayen residents Japan Japanese Japanese Jersey Jersey Jordan Jordanian Jordanians Kazakhstan Kenya Kenyan Kenyans Kiribati Kiribati I KiribatiNorth Korea North Korean South Korea South Korean Kosovo Kosovars Kuwait Kuwaiti Kuwaitis Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lebanese Lebanese Lesotho Basotho Basotho (singular Mosotho) Liberia Liberian Liberians Libya Libyan Libyans Liechtenstein Liechtensteiner Liechtensteiners Lithuania Lithuanian Lithuanians Luxembourg Luxembourgers Macau Macanese Madagascar Malagasy, Madagascan Malagasy, Madagascans Malawi Malawian Malawians Malaysia Malaysian Malaysians Maldives Maldivian Maldivians Mali Malians Malta Maltese Maltese Marshall Islands Marshallese Marshallese Martinique Mauritania Mauritanian Mauritanians Mauritius Mauritian Mauritians Mayotte Mahoran Mahorans Mexico Mexican Mexicans Micronesia Micronesian Micronesians Moldova Moldovan Moldovans Monaco Mongolia Mongolian Montenegro Montenegrin Montenegrins Montserrat Montserratian Montserratians Morocco Moroccan Moroccans Mozambique Mozambican Mozambicans Myanmar Myanmar Namibia Namibian Namibians Nauru Nauruan Nauruans Nepal Netherlands Dutch New Caledonia New Caledonian New Caledonians New Zealand New Zealand New Zealanders Nicaragua Nicaraguan Nicaraguans Niger Nigerien Nigeriens Nigeria Nigerian Nigerians Niue Niuean Niueans Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Norfolk Islanders North Macedonia Macedonian Macedonians Northern Ireland Northern Irish Northern Mariana Islands Northern Marianan Northern Marianans Norway Norwegian Norwegians Oman Omani Omanis Pakistan Pakistani Pakistanis Palau Palauan Palauans Palestine Palestinian Palestinians Panama Panamanian Panamanians Papua New Guinea Paraguay Paraguayan Paraguayans Peru Peruvian Peruvians Philippines Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Island Pitcairn Islanders Poland Polish Poles Portugal Portuguese Portuguese Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Puerto Ricans Qatar Qatari Qataris Réunion Romania Romanian Romanians Russia Russian Russians Rwanda Rwandan Saba Saba Dutch Saint Barthélemy Barthélemois Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Helenian Saint Helenians Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Lucian Saint Lucians Saint Martin Saint Martinoise Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Samoan Samoans San Marino Sammarinese Sammarinese São Tomé and Príncipe São Toméan São Toméans Saudi Arabia Scotland Scottish Senegal Senegalese Senegalese Serbia Serbian Seychelles Seychellois Seychellois/Seychelloises Sierra Leone Sierra Leonean Sierra Leoneans Singapore Singaporeans Somalis South Africa South African South Africans South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Ossetia South Ossetian South Ossetians South Sudan South Sudanese South Sudanese Spain Spanish Spaniards Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Sri Lankans Sudan Sudanese Sudanese Suriname Surinamese Surinamers Svalbard Svalbard Svalbardians, Svalbard residents Sweden Swedish Swedes Switzerland Swiss Swiss Syria Syrian Syrians Taiwan Tajikistan Tajikistani Tanzania Tanzanian Tanzanians Thailand Thai Thai Timor Leste Timorese Timorese Togo Togolese Togolese Tokelau Tokelauan Tokelauans Tonga Tongan Tongans Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Tunisian Tunisians Turkey Turkish Turks Turkmenistan Turkmen Turkmens Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Island Turks and Caicos Islanders Tuvalu Tuvaluan Tuvaluans Uganda Ugandan Ugandans Ukraine Ukrainian Ukrainians United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America Americans Uruguay Uruguayan Uruguayans Uzbekistan Vanuatu Ni Vanuatu Vatican City Vaticanian Vaticanians Venezuela Venezuelan Venezuelans Vietnam Vietnamese VietnameseBritish Virgin Islands British Virgin Island British Virgin IslandersUnited States Virgin Islands U. S. Virgin Island U. S. Virgin Islanders Wales Welsh Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Yemeni Yemenis Zambia Zambian Zambians Zanzibar Zanzibari Zanzibaris Zimbabwe Zimbabwean Zimbabweans