Каупанк: История и эволюция кантри-панка

Punk rock subgenre and music scene

Cowpunk (or country punk) is a subgenre of punk rock that began in the United Kingdom and Southern California in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It combines punk rock or new wave with country, folk, and blues in its sound, lyrical subject matter, attitude, and style. Examples include Social Distortion, The Gun Club, The Long Ryders, Dash Rip Rock, Violent Femmes, The Blasters, Mojo Nixon, Meat Puppets, The Beat Farmers, Rubber Rodeo, Rank and File, and Jason and the Scorchers. Many of the musicians in this scene subsequently became associated with alternative country, roots rock or Americana.

The term "cowpunk" is first attested in 1979, as a blend of "cowboy" and "punk". The term "country punk" has been proposed as an equivalent term. Both terms are sometimes hyphenated, especially in late 1970s or early 1980s sources (e. g., cow punk or country punk). In 1984, Robert Palmer wrote in the New York Times on the emerging aesthetic acknowledged "cowpunk" as one of several catch all terms critics were using to categorize the country influenced music of otherwise unrelated punk and new wave bands. The article briefly summarized the music's history, at least in the United States, saying that in the early 1980s, several punk and new wave bands had begun collecting classic country records, and soon thereafter began performing high tempo cover versions of their favorite songs, and that new bands had also formed around the idea. By 1984, there were dozens of bands in both the U. S. and England "personalizing country music and making it palatable for the MTV Generation." A New York Times writer stated that one issue with the "cowpunk" term was that " no single term really describes the music of all these bands." A 2018 article looking back at the 1980s trends states that the " diversity of styles beyond punk proper" in cowpunk, " for some, made the category suspect, [or] at least misleading."

The first cowpunk bands in the late 1970s " were inspired not by mainstream country but classic country, a more authentic sounding music but also historically distant enough to be non mainstream by default " Another factor that made country music unappealing to many youth in the early 1980s was that it was perceived as being on the "wrong side" in the "culture war", as country music was associated with conservative political values and highly produced commercial music. Don McLeese said the ways that youth associated country music made them not realize that it had youthful, exuberant "hillbilly music" roots in earlier eras. Music writer Peter Doggett has stated that there has been a "difficult relationship between punk and country" since musicians from the two genres first encountered each other, but they did manage to meet and blend their styles. As well, some new wave bands "displayed blatant country influences". T. Tex Edwards , the singer for Dallas area punk band The Nervebreakers, which opened for the Ramones in 1977 and the Sex Pistols on their 1978 US Tour, went on to cowpunk and other country influenced groups. After The Nervebreakers, influenced by The Cramps and Gun Club he started Tex & The Saddletramps.

In the early 1980s, punk groups such as L. A. band X, " began to lean toward the twangy side, providing a subgenre that became known as cowpunk". The L. A. cowpunk bands like X tended to be as intentionally sloppy, against "slick" production values, and anti commercial as the punk genre they had "morphed" from, often from "blitzkrieg bands" (for example, The Dils became cowpunk band Rank and File). In the 1980s, Rosie Flores left the Screamers and joined a cowpunk all female band called Screamin' Sirens. UK groups include the country tinged pop band Boothill Foot Tappers and the tongue in cheek new wave outfit Yip Yip Coyote. There are a number of U. S. bands: X, the Blasters, Meat Puppets, The Beat Farmers, Rubber Rodeo (which "juxtaposed countrypolitan elements and more conventional rock postures" in homage to "a pop culture west rather than a geographic or historic one"), Rank and File (playing "an updated version of 1960s country rock"), Jason and the Scorchers (with "authentically deep country roots"), Tex & the Horseheads, Blood on the Saddle 1984), Dash Rip Rock, Drivin' n Cryin', Fetchin Bones (from North Carolina), The Rave Ups, Concrete Blonde, Great Plains (from Ohio), and Violent Femmes (at that time incorporating "mountain banjo, wheezing saxophones, scraping fiddle, twanging jew's harp, and ragged vocal choruses"). founded by The Dictators' guitarist Scott Kempner. The band's cowpunk sound combined elements of 1960s garage rock with country, blues and folk influences. They were one of the early originators of urban roots rock. The band members were Scott Kempner, Manny Caiati, Eric Ambel and Frank Funaro. Nine Pound Hammer is an American hardcore cowpunk band formed in 1985 by vocalist Scott Luallen and guitarist Blaine Cartwright in their hometown of Owensboro, Kentucky. They were one of the first rural hardcore punk bands to incorporate rural blue collar motifs into the hardcore sound. Their lyrics (suggestive of outlaw country) featured themes such as alcoholism, rural poverty, and violence. In contrast, most of the urban, experimental cowpunk bands of 1970s/80s Los Angeles and the UK were roots rock, folk rock or New Wave bands, and they incorporated country music instruments and influences as a secondary (sometimes temporary) aspect of their sound. In Social Distortion's album Prison Bound (1986–1988), the band makes a notable style change, exploring a country/western flavor This record marks the start of the band's entrance into a cowpunk style. Country legend Johnny Cash and a honky tonk style became more prominent influences and there are references to Cash. Lone Justice is a Los Angeles cowpunk band. SPIN magazine also named Long Ryders, Danny & Dusty, and Mekons as from the genre. In Canada, prairies singer K. D. Lang was called a "Canadian Cowpunk" in the 20 June 1985 issue of Rolling Stone. In the late 1980s, Edmonton based Jr. Gone Wild has been called a "[c]risp, cheerfully honest" example of ," that "cowpunk" thing, sure — but really it's just the sugary yet direct indie rock of its time, poppy and looking back more than a little at the Gram Parsons side of the Byrds." In 1987, the independent film Border Radio was associated with the cowpunk scene. The film, which is directed by Allison Anders, Dean Lent and Kurt Voss, is about two musicians and a roadie who haven't been paid who rob money from a club and one of whom flees to Mexico leaving his wife and daughter behind. It features music from the Flesh Eaters, Green on Red, John Doe, the Divine Horsemen, X, and the Blasters. Cowpunk made its mark on mainstream country radio for a brief period from 1987 1990 with the emergence of super duo Foster & Lloyd. The video for their debut single Crazy Over You received extensive airplay on CMT. The radio single peaked at #4 on Billboard and #1 on the now defunct Radio & Records chart. By the late 1980s, high end firms tried to capitalize on the cowpunk trend by selling expensive country western themed merchandise. In 1989, The Washington Post reported that " the biggest trend, especially at NM [Neimen Marcus], is Madison Avenue cowpunk—costumes for trust fund Cowboy Junkies ranging from hand stenciled "Indian" deerskin jackets by Ralph Lauren for her ($2,200) to western style yoke front tuxedos ($1,975) that are the visual equivalent of a Lonesome Strangers song. There's a Busch commercial/"Young Riders" yellow duster in lambskin ($1,200) that quite outshines the honest canvas one from J. Peterman ($184)."

In 1990, SPIN magazine called The Dead Milkmen a cowpunk band, also noting that they have been called "scruff rock". In 1991, a reviewer called The Vandals a cowpunk band, while noting that by this year, the band was moving away from cowpunk towards a mix of metal with a touch of pop. Dan Baird is an American singer songwriter, musician and producer best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist from the chart topping 1980s rock band The Georgia Satellites, who is often credited as one of the pioneers in cowpunk and alt country music, as his songs combine elements of rock music, country music, outlaw country, and punk rock. Goober & The Peas were a cowpunk band from Detroit, Michigan, active from 1990 to 1995, known for blending odd humor to a darker side of country music and indie rock (and for Jack White of The White Stripes having served as drummer for a period). The band was known for their frenetic live shows. The Damn Band is the cowpunk influenced backing band of Hank Williams III. It was formed in 1995 and consists of acoustic guitar (played by Williams), steel guitar, fiddle, bass, drums, electric guitar and banjo. Steve Kidwiller, the former guitarist of punk rock band NOFX (on their 1989 and 1991 records) subsequently joined cowpunk band Speedbuggy USA. in 1994. Following the breakup of Nine Pound Hammer in 1997, guitarist Blaine Cartwright formed Nashville Pussy, a Grammy Nominated American rock & roll band from Atlanta, Georgia that has been called a mix of cowpunk, psychobilly, Southern rock, and hard rock, as well as "sleaze rock". The American rock and roll band Supersuckers' fourth studio album, Must've Been High (1997) was called their first cowpunk album. It was released on 25 March 1997, via Sub Pop.

In the 2000s, Those Darlins were called a cowpunk act. Vandoliers, a band formed in 2015 by Joshua Fleming, following the dissolution of his Fort Worth based punk trio The Phuss. He met members from The Marty Stuart Show and learned more about the similarities between punk and country. The band's album The Native is noted for ushering in a cowpunk resurgence. In the 2010s, both Bloodshot Records artists Lydia Loveless and Sarah Shook's band were classified country punk or cowpunk. Other cowpunk groups of the 2000s and 2010s included Old Crow Medicine Show, Those Darlins, The Waco Brothers, 7 Shot Screamers, and Blackfoot. Danish hellbilly group Volbeat specialise in heavy metal infused covers of classic country songs.