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Содержание
Введение
Революционное правительство Ирландской Республики 1919–1921 гг.
Revolutionary government of the Irish Republic 1919 to 1921
Правительство 1-го Дайла было исполнительным органом односторонне провозглашенной Ирландской Республики. На выборах в Вестминстер в 1918 году кандидаты от партии «Шинн Фейн» выступали с платформой бойкота, заявив, что не будут оставаться в парламенте Соединенного Королевства, а вместо этого сформируют однопалатный революционный парламент для Ирландии под названием Дайл Эйреанн. Первое заседание Первого Дайла состоялось 21 января 1919 года в Круглой комнате особняка в Дублине, где была принята Декларация независимости. Также была утверждена Конституция Дайла. Согласно статье 2 этой Конституции, должно было быть министерство Дайл Эйреанн во главе с президентом и пятью секретарями, возглавляющими правительственные департаменты. В период Первого Дайла существовало два министерства Дайл Эйреанн. Первое министерство (22 января – 1 апреля 1919 года) возглавлял Катал Бруга и просуществовало 69 дней; оно было сформировано, когда значительное число избранных от «Шинн Фейн» находились в заключении. Второе министерство (1 апреля 1919 года – 26 августа 1921 года) возглавлял Эмон де Вале́ра, лидер «Шинн Фейн», и просуществовало 878 дней.
The government of the 1st Dáil was the executive of the unilaterally declared Irish Republic. At the 1918 Westminster election, candidates for Sinn Féin stood on an abstentionist platform, declaring that they would not remain in the Parliament of the United Kingdom but instead form a unicameral, revolutionary parliament for Ireland called Dáil Éireann. The first meeting of the First Dáil was held on 21 January 1919 in the Round Room of the Mansion House in Dublin and made a Declaration of Independence. It also approved the Dáil Constitution. Under Article 2 of this Constitution, there would be a ministry of Dáil Éireann led by a President, with five Secretaries leading government departments. There were two ministries of Dáil Éireann during the First Dáil. The 1st ministry (22 January to 1 April 1919) was led by Cathal Brugha and lasted for 69 days; it was formed when a large number of those elected for Sinn Féin were in prison. The 2nd ministry (1 April 1919 to 26 August 1921) was led by Éamon de Valera, leader of Sinn Féin, and lasted for 878 days.
Второе министерство
1 апреля 1919 года первое министерство подало в отставку. По предложению Катала Бруги и при поддержке Падраика О’Майя Эамон де Валера был объявлен избранным президентом Дэйл Эйрейн (Príomh Aire). Конституция была изменена, чтобы разрешить формирование министерства из девяти членов, помимо президента. На следующий день он сформировал второе министерство. Графиня Маркевич стала первой ирландской женщиной-министром. Она занимала эту должность до 26 августа 1921 года, а следующей женщиной, назначенная в кабинет, стала Маир Геогеган Квинн, назначенная министром по делам галтахта в 1979 году. В июне 1919 года де Валера отправился в Соединенные Штаты и письменно попросил назначить Артура Гриффита заместителем президента на время его отсутствия, а Эрнеста Блайта – включить в состав кабинета. Де Валера вернулся к своим обязанностям в Дэйле 25 января 1921 года.
On 1 April 1919, the 1st ministry resigned. On a motion proposed by Cathal Brugha and seconded by Pádraic Ó Máille, Éamon de Valera was declared elected as President of Dáil Éireann (Príomh Aire). The Constitution was amended to allow for up to nine members of the ministry, as well as the President. The following day, he formed the 2nd ministry. Countess Markievicz became the first Irish female Cabinet minister. She served until 26 August 1921, and the next woman appointed to cabinet was Máire Geoghegan Quinn, who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979. De Valera travelled to the United States in June 1919, and by letter requested that Arthur Griffith be appointed as Deputy President in his absence and that Ernest Blythe take a place at cabinet. De Valera resumed his position in the Dáil on 25 January 1921. Office NamePresident of Dáil ÉireannÉamon de ValeraSecretary for Home AffairsArthur GriffithSecretary for DefenceCathal BrughaSecretary for Foreign AffairsCount PlunkettSecretary for LabourConstance MarkieviczSecretary for IndustriesEoin MacNeillSecretary for FinanceMichael CollinsSecretary for Local GovernmentW. T. CosgraveMinisters not in cabinetOffice NameDirector of PropagandaLaurence GinnellDirector of AgricultureArthur GriffithDirector of Trade and CommerceErnest BlytheSubstitute Director of PropagandaDesmond FitzGeraldChanges on 27 October 1919
On the arrest of Ernest Blythe. Office NameSubstitute Director of Trade and CommerceJoseph McGuinnessChanges on 29 June 1920
Appointment of new ministries and substitute ministries. Office NameMinister for IrishJohn J. O'KellyActing Minister at the Ministry of Home AffairsAustin StackSubstitute Minister for Local GovernmentKevin O'HigginsSubstitute Minister for AgricultureArt O'ConnorDirector of FisheriesSeán EtchinghamChange on 17 September 1920Office NameAssistant Minister for IrishFrank Fahy
ДолжностьИмяПрезидент Dáil ÉireannЭамон де ВалераМинистр внутренних делАртур ГриффитМинистр обороныКатхал БругаМинистр иностранных делГраф ПланкеттМинистр трудаКонстанс МаркиевичМинистр промышленностиЭоин МакнилМинистр финансовМайкл КоллинзМинистр местного самоуправленияW. Т. Косгрейв
On 1 April 1919, the 1st ministry resigned. On a motion proposed by Cathal Brugha and seconded by Pádraic Ó Máille, Éamon de Valera was declared elected as President of Dáil Éireann (Príomh Aire). The Constitution was amended to allow for up to nine members of the ministry, as well as the President. The following day, he formed the 2nd ministry. Countess Markievicz became the first Irish female Cabinet minister. She served until 26 August 1921, and the next woman appointed to cabinet was Máire Geoghegan Quinn, who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979. De Valera travelled to the United States in June 1919, and by letter requested that Arthur Griffith be appointed as Deputy President in his absence and that Ernest Blythe take a place at cabinet. De Valera resumed his position in the Dáil on 25 January 1921. Office NamePresident of Dáil ÉireannÉamon de ValeraSecretary for Home AffairsArthur GriffithSecretary for DefenceCathal BrughaSecretary for Foreign AffairsCount PlunkettSecretary for LabourConstance MarkieviczSecretary for IndustriesEoin MacNeillSecretary for FinanceMichael CollinsSecretary for Local GovernmentW. T. CosgraveMinisters not in cabinetOffice NameDirector of PropagandaLaurence GinnellDirector of AgricultureArthur GriffithDirector of Trade and CommerceErnest BlytheSubstitute Director of PropagandaDesmond FitzGeraldChanges on 27 October 1919
On the arrest of Ernest Blythe. Office NameSubstitute Director of Trade and CommerceJoseph McGuinnessChanges on 29 June 1920
Appointment of new ministries and substitute ministries. Office NameMinister for IrishJohn J. O'KellyActing Minister at the Ministry of Home AffairsAustin StackSubstitute Minister for Local GovernmentKevin O'HigginsSubstitute Minister for AgricultureArt O'ConnorDirector of FisheriesSeán EtchinghamChange on 17 September 1920Office NameAssistant Minister for IrishFrank Fahy
Министры, не входящие в кабинет
ДолжностьДиректор пропагандыЛоуренс ГиннеллДиректор сельского хозяйстваАртур ГриффитДиректор торговли и коммерцииЭрнест БлайтЗаместитель директора пропагандыДесмонд Фицджеральд
On 1 April 1919, the 1st ministry resigned. On a motion proposed by Cathal Brugha and seconded by Pádraic Ó Máille, Éamon de Valera was declared elected as President of Dáil Éireann (Príomh Aire). The Constitution was amended to allow for up to nine members of the ministry, as well as the President. The following day, he formed the 2nd ministry. Countess Markievicz became the first Irish female Cabinet minister. She served until 26 August 1921, and the next woman appointed to cabinet was Máire Geoghegan Quinn, who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979. De Valera travelled to the United States in June 1919, and by letter requested that Arthur Griffith be appointed as Deputy President in his absence and that Ernest Blythe take a place at cabinet. De Valera resumed his position in the Dáil on 25 January 1921. Office NamePresident of Dáil ÉireannÉamon de ValeraSecretary for Home AffairsArthur GriffithSecretary for DefenceCathal BrughaSecretary for Foreign AffairsCount PlunkettSecretary for LabourConstance MarkieviczSecretary for IndustriesEoin MacNeillSecretary for FinanceMichael CollinsSecretary for Local GovernmentW. T. CosgraveMinisters not in cabinetOffice NameDirector of PropagandaLaurence GinnellDirector of AgricultureArthur GriffithDirector of Trade and CommerceErnest BlytheSubstitute Director of PropagandaDesmond FitzGeraldChanges on 27 October 1919
On the arrest of Ernest Blythe. Office NameSubstitute Director of Trade and CommerceJoseph McGuinnessChanges on 29 June 1920
Appointment of new ministries and substitute ministries. Office NameMinister for IrishJohn J. O'KellyActing Minister at the Ministry of Home AffairsAustin StackSubstitute Minister for Local GovernmentKevin O'HigginsSubstitute Minister for AgricultureArt O'ConnorDirector of FisheriesSeán EtchinghamChange on 17 September 1920Office NameAssistant Minister for IrishFrank Fahy
Изменения 27 октября 1919 года
В связи с арестом Эрнеста Блайта.
ДолжностьЗаместитель директора по торговле и коммерцииДжозеф МакГиннесс
On 1 April 1919, the 1st ministry resigned. On a motion proposed by Cathal Brugha and seconded by Pádraic Ó Máille, Éamon de Valera was declared elected as President of Dáil Éireann (Príomh Aire). The Constitution was amended to allow for up to nine members of the ministry, as well as the President. The following day, he formed the 2nd ministry. Countess Markievicz became the first Irish female Cabinet minister. She served until 26 August 1921, and the next woman appointed to cabinet was Máire Geoghegan Quinn, who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979. De Valera travelled to the United States in June 1919, and by letter requested that Arthur Griffith be appointed as Deputy President in his absence and that Ernest Blythe take a place at cabinet. De Valera resumed his position in the Dáil on 25 January 1921. Office NamePresident of Dáil ÉireannÉamon de ValeraSecretary for Home AffairsArthur GriffithSecretary for DefenceCathal BrughaSecretary for Foreign AffairsCount PlunkettSecretary for LabourConstance MarkieviczSecretary for IndustriesEoin MacNeillSecretary for FinanceMichael CollinsSecretary for Local GovernmentW. T. CosgraveMinisters not in cabinetOffice NameDirector of PropagandaLaurence GinnellDirector of AgricultureArthur GriffithDirector of Trade and CommerceErnest BlytheSubstitute Director of PropagandaDesmond FitzGeraldChanges on 27 October 1919
On the arrest of Ernest Blythe. Office NameSubstitute Director of Trade and CommerceJoseph McGuinnessChanges on 29 June 1920
Appointment of new ministries and substitute ministries. Office NameMinister for IrishJohn J. O'KellyActing Minister at the Ministry of Home AffairsAustin StackSubstitute Minister for Local GovernmentKevin O'HigginsSubstitute Minister for AgricultureArt O'ConnorDirector of FisheriesSeán EtchinghamChange on 17 September 1920Office NameAssistant Minister for IrishFrank Fahy
Изменения 29 июня 1920 года
Назначение новых министерств и заместителей министров.
ДолжностьМинистр по делам ирландцевДжон Дж. О’КеллиИсполняющий обязанности министра внутренних делОстин СтэкЗаместитель министра местного самоуправленияКевин О’ХиггинсЗаместитель министра сельского хозяйстваАрт О’КоннорДиректор по рыболовствуШон Этчингем
On 1 April 1919, the 1st ministry resigned. On a motion proposed by Cathal Brugha and seconded by Pádraic Ó Máille, Éamon de Valera was declared elected as President of Dáil Éireann (Príomh Aire). The Constitution was amended to allow for up to nine members of the ministry, as well as the President. The following day, he formed the 2nd ministry. Countess Markievicz became the first Irish female Cabinet minister. She served until 26 August 1921, and the next woman appointed to cabinet was Máire Geoghegan Quinn, who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979. De Valera travelled to the United States in June 1919, and by letter requested that Arthur Griffith be appointed as Deputy President in his absence and that Ernest Blythe take a place at cabinet. De Valera resumed his position in the Dáil on 25 January 1921. Office NamePresident of Dáil ÉireannÉamon de ValeraSecretary for Home AffairsArthur GriffithSecretary for DefenceCathal BrughaSecretary for Foreign AffairsCount PlunkettSecretary for LabourConstance MarkieviczSecretary for IndustriesEoin MacNeillSecretary for FinanceMichael CollinsSecretary for Local GovernmentW. T. CosgraveMinisters not in cabinetOffice NameDirector of PropagandaLaurence GinnellDirector of AgricultureArthur GriffithDirector of Trade and CommerceErnest BlytheSubstitute Director of PropagandaDesmond FitzGeraldChanges on 27 October 1919
On the arrest of Ernest Blythe. Office NameSubstitute Director of Trade and CommerceJoseph McGuinnessChanges on 29 June 1920
Appointment of new ministries and substitute ministries. Office NameMinister for IrishJohn J. O'KellyActing Minister at the Ministry of Home AffairsAustin StackSubstitute Minister for Local GovernmentKevin O'HigginsSubstitute Minister for AgricultureArt O'ConnorDirector of FisheriesSeán EtchinghamChange on 17 September 1920Office NameAssistant Minister for IrishFrank Fahy
Изменение 17 сентября 1920 года
ДолжностьЗаместитель министра по делам ирландцевФранк Фахи
On 1 April 1919, the 1st ministry resigned. On a motion proposed by Cathal Brugha and seconded by Pádraic Ó Máille, Éamon de Valera was declared elected as President of Dáil Éireann (Príomh Aire). The Constitution was amended to allow for up to nine members of the ministry, as well as the President. The following day, he formed the 2nd ministry. Countess Markievicz became the first Irish female Cabinet minister. She served until 26 August 1921, and the next woman appointed to cabinet was Máire Geoghegan Quinn, who was appointed as Minister for the Gaeltacht in 1979. De Valera travelled to the United States in June 1919, and by letter requested that Arthur Griffith be appointed as Deputy President in his absence and that Ernest Blythe take a place at cabinet. De Valera resumed his position in the Dáil on 25 January 1921. Office NamePresident of Dáil ÉireannÉamon de ValeraSecretary for Home AffairsArthur GriffithSecretary for DefenceCathal BrughaSecretary for Foreign AffairsCount PlunkettSecretary for LabourConstance MarkieviczSecretary for IndustriesEoin MacNeillSecretary for FinanceMichael CollinsSecretary for Local GovernmentW. T. CosgraveMinisters not in cabinetOffice NameDirector of PropagandaLaurence GinnellDirector of AgricultureArthur GriffithDirector of Trade and CommerceErnest BlytheSubstitute Director of PropagandaDesmond FitzGeraldChanges on 27 October 1919
On the arrest of Ernest Blythe. Office NameSubstitute Director of Trade and CommerceJoseph McGuinnessChanges on 29 June 1920
Appointment of new ministries and substitute ministries. Office NameMinister for IrishJohn J. O'KellyActing Minister at the Ministry of Home AffairsAustin StackSubstitute Minister for Local GovernmentKevin O'HigginsSubstitute Minister for AgricultureArt O'ConnorDirector of FisheriesSeán EtchinghamChange on 17 September 1920Office NameAssistant Minister for IrishFrank Fahy
Отставка от должности
В мае 1921 года Дэйл принял резолюцию, объявляющую выборы в Палату общин Северной Ирландии и Палату общин Южной Ирландии одновременно выборами во Второй Дэйл. Члены 2-го Дала впервые собрались 16 августа 1921 года. Действующее министерство не ушло в отставку немедленно. 26 августа 1921 года Эмон де Валера подал в отставку с поста президента. Затем де Валера был переизбран, приняв новый титул Президента Республики, и сформировал 3-е министерство Дайл Эйрен.
In May 1921, the Dáil passed a resolution declaring that elections to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland would be used as the election for the Second Dáil. The members of the 2nd Dáil first met on 16 August 1921. The outgoing ministry did not resign immediately. On 26 August 1921, Éamon de Valera resigned as president. De Valera was then re elected, taking the new title of President of the Republic, and formed the 3rd ministry of Dáil Éireann.