Үнді субконтинентінің қисық мүңкілді көкегі

Species of bird

The sirkeer malkoha or sirkeer cuckoo (Taccocua leschenaultii), is a non parasitic cuckoo found in dry scrub forest and open woodland habitats in the Indian subcontinent. The species is long tailed, largely olive brown on the upper side with a distinctive curved red beak tipped in yellow. They forage singly or in pairs mainly on or close to the ground creeping between grasses and bushes, often on rocky habitats where they feed on small lizards, insects, and sometimes berries and seeds. They are very silent and the sexes are identical in plumage.

The sirkeer cuckoo is about long with dark olive brown on the back, wings and the central tail feathers. The underside is rufous. A greenish gloss is visible on the wing and dark parts of the tail feathers. The feathers have dark shafts which are especially prominent on the breast as streaks. The tail is graduated (with outer feathers being sequentially shorter) and tipped broadly in white. The upper tail coverts are long. The chin, throat and breast are pale. The most distinctive feature is the curved red bill with a yellow tip. The eyes have curved and long bristles around the eye but not behind it that resemble eyelashes (an adaptation to protect their eyes when creeping through grass and vegetation) and the iris is reddish brown. They have a short and pale whitish streak over and below the eye and a thin line of black feathers in line with the commissure of the bill that reaches under the eye. A dark bare patch of skin around the eye that tapers behind it exaggerates the size of the eye. The legs are grey. They have zygodactyle feet and are forage on the ground, on rocks or between grass and bushes in scrub and thin forest, often in hilly ground but generally below an altitude of about 1500 m above sea level. They feed on caterpillars, insects and other invertebrates, small vertebrates, and on berries and seeds. When disturbed they creep through dense bushes and run on the ground almost appearing like a mongoose. Their flight is weak. They are normally very silent but produce a low buzzing , or a sharp and repeated or sounds with a tone similar to the calls of a rose ringed parakeet. The primary moult is from August to December while the second moult occurs in April. The populations, P. l. sirkee in northwestern India (Rajasthan, Gujarat and Sind) are pale and have a yellowish throat and breast. The populations in the Eastern Himalayas are darker and larger and are considered to be a subspecies infuscata described by Edward Blyth (Latin scholars suggest it should be spelled infuscatus when used in the genus Phaenicophaeus). The nominate subspecies is intermediate in coloration and is distributed across Peninsular India and extends into Sri Lanka. The species is placed in the genus Taccocua erected by Lesson in 1831 but some authors place it in the genus Phaenicophaeus. The genus Taccocua was separated from that of Rhopodytes (usually merged into Phaenicophaeus) by the bill being narrower at the base and the upper mandible being festooned at the base. The generic name is derived from the French word taco used for lizard cuckoos in the genus Coccyzus (earlier Saurothera) combined with the genus name Coua although Blanford noted that the supposed Indian names Surkool or Sircea of Latham were untraceable. One theory is that they were often found in areas with reeds called sirkanda (Saccharum sp., possibly S. bengalense Retz.) in northern India from which mats used as curtains known as (sirkean in plural) were manufactured. Across much of northern India, it is known locally as junglee tota meaning 'jungle parrot' (or 'parakeet') based on the similarity of the bill to that of the locally familiar rose ringed parakeet. Three subspecies have been designated, varying in colouration but showing continuous variation and having no disjunctions in their distribution ranges. The nest is a broad saucer of twigs placed in a low bush or tree and lined with green leaves. The clutch is two to three eggs which are pale yellowish brown with a glaze that is lost when washed. Both sexes incubate but the period is undocumented.