Иерусалимнің атаулары мен этимологиясы

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Names of Jerusalem refers to the multiple names by which the city of Jerusalem has been known and the etymology of the word in different languages. According to the Jewish Midrash, "Jerusalem has 70 names". Lists have been compiled of 72 different Hebrew names for Jerusalem in Jewish scripture. Today, Jerusalem is called Yerushalayim and Al Quds (اَلْـقُـدْس). Yerushalayim is a derivation of a much older name, recorded as early as in the Middle Bronze Age, which has however been repeatedly re interpreted in folk etymology, notably in Biblical Greek, where the first element of the name came to be associated with ἱερός (hieros, "holy"). The city is also known, especially among Muslims, as Bayt al Maqdis (بَـيْـت الْـمَـقْـدِس), referring to the Temple in Jerusalem, called Beit HaMikdash in Hebrew.

The name Shalem/Salem (שלם šālêm) is found in the account of Melchizedek in : And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God (El Elyon). That the name Salem refers to Jerusalem is evidenced by Psalm 76:2 which uses "Salem" as a parallel for "Zion", the citadel of Jerusalem. The same identification is made by Josephus and the Aramaic translations of the Bible. Language Name Translit. LXXΣαλήμSalēmGreek (variant)ΣόλυμαSolymaBiblical LatinSalemArabicسَـالِـمSālimHebrewשָׁלֵםŠālēm

Shalem was the Canaanite god of dusk, sunset, and the end of the day, also spelled Shalim. Many scholars believe that his name is preserved in the name of the city Jerusalem. It is believed by some scholars that the name of Jerusalem comes from Uru + Shalem, meaning the foundation of Shalem or founded by Shalem or city of Shalem, and that Shalem was the city god of the place before El Elyon.

Mount Zion ( Har Tsiyyon) was originally the name of the hill where the Jebusite fortress stood, but the name was later applied to the Temple Mount just to the north of the fortress, also known as Mount Moriah, possibly also referred to as "Daughter of Zion" (i. e., as a protrusion of Mount Zion proper). From the Second Temple era, the name came to be applied to a hill just to the south west of the walled city. This latter hill is still known as Mount Zion today. From the point of view of the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), Zion has come to be used as a synonym of the city of Jerusalem as a whole.

According to "Shahnameh", ancient Iranian used "Kangdezh Hûkht" کَـنْـگ دِژ هُـوْخْـت or "Dezhkang Hûkht" دِژ کَـنْـگ هُـوْخْـت to name Jerusalem. "Kang Diz Huxt" means "holy palace" and was the capital of "Zahhak" and also "Fereydun's" kingdom. Another variant of the name is Kang e Dozhhûkht (Dozhhûkht Kang), which is attested in Shahnameh. It means "[the] accursed Kang".

Aelia Capitolina was the Roman name given to Jerusalem in the 2nd century, after the destruction of the Second Temple. The name refers to Hadrian's family, the gens Aelia, and to the hill temple of Jupiter built on the remains of the Temple. During the later Roman Era, the city was expanded to the area now known as the Old City of Jerusalem. Population increased during this period, peaking at several hundred thousand, numbers only reached again in the modern city, in the 1960s. From this name derives Tiberian Hebrew אֵילִיָּה קַפִּיטוֹלִינָה ʼÊliyyāh Qappîṭôlînāh. The Roman name was loaned as إِيْـلْـيَـاء, early in the Middle Ages, and appears in some Hadith (Bukhari 1:6, 4:191; Muwatta 20:26), like Bayt ul Maqdis.

Jewish and Arab signers of Israeli Sign Language use different signs: the former mimic kissing the Western Wall, the latter gesture to indicate the shape of the Masjid Al Aqsa (i. e. the Dome of the Rock).