Сен-Тропе: Тарихы мен қазіргі бейнесі

Saint Tropez (sɛ̃ tʁɔpe; , ; /US/,/s//æ//n// //t//r//oʊ/'/p//eɪ/ SANtrohPAY) is a commune in the Var department and the region of Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Southern France. It is west of Nice and east of Marseille, on the French Riviera, of which it is one of the best known towns. In 2018, Saint Tropez had a population of 4,103. The adjacent narrow body of water is the Gulf of Saint Tropez (French: Golfe de Saint Tropez), stretching to Sainte Maxime to the north under the Massif des Maures. Saint Tropez was a military stronghold and fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on its coast to be liberated during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. After the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Yé yé movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and tourists.

In 599 BC, the Phocaeans from Ionia founded Massilia (present day Marseille) and established other coastal mooring sites in the area. The ancient name of Saint Tropez has been identified as Athenopolis, and Pliny the Elder writes that it belonged to the Massilians. In 31 BC, the Romans invaded the region. Their citizens built many opulent villas in the area, including one known as the "Villa des Platanes" (Villa of the Plane Trees). The closest settlement to Saint Tropez in antiquity is attested as Heraclea Caccabaria, today Cavalaire sur Mer, situated on the southern end of the peninsula, while the gulf of Saint Tropez was called sinus Sambracitanus, which likely survives in the settlement name of Les Issambres. The town owes its current name to the early Christian martyr Saint Torpes. Legend tells of his decapitation at Pisa during Nero's reign, with his body placed in a rotten boat along with a rooster and a dog. The body purportedly landed at the present day location of the town of Saint Tropez. Toward the end of the ninth century, long after the fall of the Roman Empire in the West, pirates and privateers began a hundred years of attacks and sackings. In the tenth century, the village of La Garde Freinet was founded to the north of Saint Tropez. From 890 to 972, Saint Tropez and its surroundings became an Arab Muslim colony dominated by the nearby Saracenic settlement of Fraxinet; in 940, Saint Tropez was controlled by Nasr ibn Ahmad. Count René's promise in 1436 to not tax the citizens of Saint Tropez was honored until 1672, when Louis XIV abrogated it as he imposed French control. The Gulf of Saint Tropez was known as the Gulf of Grimaud until the end of the 19th century. During the 1920s, Saint Tropez attracted famous figures from the fashion world such as Coco Chanel and Elsa Schiaparelli. During World War II, the landing on 15 August 1944 began the Allied invasion of southern France, Operation Dragoon. In the 1950s, Saint Tropez became internationally renowned as the setting for such films as And God Created Woman, which starred French actress Brigitte Bardot. In May 1965, an Aérospatiale Super Frelon pre production aircraft crashed in the gulf, killing its pilot. On 4 March 1970, the French submarine Eurydice, with its home port as Saint Tropez, disappeared in the Mediterranean with 57 crew aboard after a mysterious explosion. The motto of Saint Tropez is Ad usque fidelis, Latin for "faithful to the end". After the Dark Age of plundering the French Riviera, Raphaël de Garesio landed in Saint Tropez on 14 February 1470, with 22 men, simple peasants or sailors who had left the overcrowded Italian Riviera. They rebuilt and repopulated the area, and in exchange were granted by a representative of the "good king", Jean de Cossa, Baron of Grimaud and Seneschal of Provence, various privileges, including some previously reserved exclusively for lords, such as exemptions from taxes status and the right to bear arms. About ten years later, a great wall with towers stood watch to protect the new houses from sea and land attack; some 60 families formed the new community. On 19 July 1479, the new Home Act was signed, "the rebirth charter of Saint Tropez".

Saint Tropez has a hot summer mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers, although daytime temperatures are somewhat moderated by its coastal position.

The main economic resource of Saint Tropez is tourism. The city is well known for the Hôtel Byblos and for Les Caves du Roy, a member of the Leading Hotels of the World; its 1967 inauguration featuring Brigitte Bardot and Gunter Sachs was an international event.

Tropezian beaches are located along the coast in the Baie de Pampelonne, which lies south of Saint Tropez and east of Ramatuelle. Pampelonne offers a collection of beaches along its five kilometre shore. Each beach is around 30 metres wide with its own beach hut and private or public tanning area. Many of the beaches offer windsurfing, sailing and canoeing equipment for rent, while others offer motorized water sports, such as power boats, jet bikes, water skiing and scuba diving. Some of the beaches are naturist beaches. There are also many exclusive beach clubs that are popular among wealthy people from around the world.

The port was widely used during the 18th century; in 1789 it was visited by 80 ships. Saint Tropez's shipyards built tartanes and three masted ships that could carry 1,000 to 12,200 barrels. The town was the site of various associated trades, including fishing, cork, wine and wood. The town had a school of hydrography. In 1860, the flagship of the merchant navy, named The Queen of the Angels (La Reine des Anges, a three masted ship of 740 barrels capacity), was built at Saint Tropez. Its role as a commercial port declined, and it is now primarily a tourist spot and a base for many well known sail regattas. There is fast boat transportation with Les Bateaux Verts to Sainte Maxime on the other side of the bay and to Port Grimaud, Marines de Cogolin, Les Issambres and St Aygulf.

Les Bravades de Saint Tropez is an annual celebration held in the middle of May when people of the town celebrate their patron saint, Torpes of Pisa, and their military achievements. One of the oldest traditions of Provence, it has been held for more than 450 years since the citizens of Saint Tropez were first given special permission to form a militia to protect the town from the Barbary pirates. During the three day celebration, the various militias in costumes of the time fire their muskets into the air at traditional stops, march to the sound of bands and parade St. Torpes's bust. The townspeople also attend a mass wearing traditional Provençal costume.

Each year, at the end of September, a regatta is held in the bay of Saint Tropez (Les Voiles de Saint Tropez). Many yachts are entered, some as long as 50 metres. Many tourists come to the location for this event, or as a stop on their trip to Cannes, Marseille or Nice.

The Tarte tropézienne is a traditional cake invented by a Polish confectioner who had set up shop in Saint Tropez in the mid 1950s, and made famous by actress Brigitte Bardot.

Public transport in Saint Tropez includes minibuses, providing shuttle service between town and Pampelonne beaches. There are also helicopter services and boat trips. Because of traffic and short distances, walking is an obvious choice for trips around town and to the Tropezian beaches.

Saint Tropez plays a major role in the history of modern art. Paul Signac discovered this light filled place that inspired painters such as Matisse, Pierre Bonnard and Albert Marquet to come to Saint Tropez. The painting styles of pointillism and fauvism emerged in Saint Tropez. Saint Tropez was also attractive for the next generation of painters: Bernard Buffet, David Hockney, Massimo Campigli and Donald Sultan lived and worked there. Today, Stefan Szczesny continues this tradition. The contemporary artist Philippe Shangti imagined the design of Le Quai and L'Opera, restaurants located on the port of Saint Tropez where he also exhibits his art collections. Centered on a specific theme, he always denounces different problems affecting society with provocative artworks.

The English rock band Pink Floyd wrote a song "San Tropez" after the town. Saint Tropez was also mentioned in David Gates's 1978 hit "Took the Last Train", Kraftwerk's "Tour de France", Aerosmith's "Permanent Vacation", Taylor Swift's "The Man", and Beyoncé's "Energy". Rappers including Diddy, Jay Z, 50 Cent, J. Cole, and Post Malone refer to the city in some of their songs as a favorite vacation destination, usually reached by yacht. DJ Antoine wrote a song "Welcome to St. Tropez". Furthermore, Bulgarian singer azis wrote a song named "Сен Тропе"(Sen Trope). Also, Romanian singer Florin Salam wrote the song (Saint Tropez). Saint Tropez was also mentioned in Army of Lovers' song "My Army of Lovers." Their song "La Plage De Saint Tropez" was also dedicated to this town.