Кіріспе
Еврей синагогтарындағы жыныс арасындағы кедергі. Мехица (бөлу немесе айыру, көпше түрі: מחיצות) – яһуди дінінде, әсіресе ерлер мен әйелдерді бөліп тұратын қоршау. Халахада (яһуди заңдарында) ерлер мен әйелдерді бөлудің себебі Вавилон Талмудынан шығарылған. Дегенмен, АҚШ-тағы қазіргі орта ортодоксалдық синагогтардың бас ұйымы – Ортодоксалдық Одақ (ОУ) мехицасыз синагогтарды жаңа мүшелер ретінде қабылдамау саясатын қабылдады және бар синагогтарды оларды орнатуға ынталандырды.
Gender barrier in Jewish synagogues
A mechitza (, partition or division, pl. : מחיצות, ) in Judaism is a partition, particularly one that is used to separate men and women. The rationale in halakha (Jewish law) for a partition dividing men and women is derived from the Babylonian Talmud. However, the Orthodox Union (OU), the main body of Modern Orthodox synagogues in the United States, adopted a policy of not accepting as new members synagogues without mechitzot, and strongly encouraged existing synagogues to adopt them.
A mechitza (, partition or division, pl. : מחיצות, ) in Judaism is a partition, particularly one that is used to separate men and women. The rationale in halakha (Jewish law) for a partition dividing men and women is derived from the Babylonian Talmud. However, the Orthodox Union (OU), the main body of Modern Orthodox synagogues in the United States, adopted a policy of not accepting as new members synagogues without mechitzot, and strongly encouraged existing synagogues to adopt them.
Талмуд дәуірі
Талмуд әдебиетінде мәжілісхана мехицасы туралы еш жерде айтылмаса да, Иерусалим ғибадатханасындағы Суккот мерекесінде ерлер мен әйелдер арасындағы тосқауыл туралы пікір бар. Аморейлік дана Рав бұл бөлгіштің Жоғ мен Магог арасындағы соғыстан кейінгі аза тұту туралы Зәкәрия пайғамбардың сөзінен туындағанын түсіндіреді:
Although the synagogue mechitza is not mentioned anywhere in Talmudic literature, there is a discussion of a barrier between men and women, used at the Sukkot festivities in the Jerusalem Temple. The Amoraic sage Rav explains that the divider originated with a statement of the prophet Zechariah regarding the mourning following the war between Gog and Magog:
Рав былай түсіндірді, егер мұндай қасіретті жағдай ерлер мен әйелдерді бөліп тұруды қажет етсе, онда Иерусалим ғибадатханасындағы Симхат Бейт ХаШойва (өте қуанышты жағдай) да солай істеуі керек.
Rav explained that if such a sad occasion necessitates a separation between men and women, then the Simchat Beit HaShoeivah in the Temple in Jerusalem (a very happy occasion) does as well.
Орта ғасырлар
Ротенбургтық Мейір (Германия, 13 ғасыр) өзінің синагогасында әйелдерге арналған жеке бөлім болғаны хабарланады. Шломо ибн Адерет (13 ғасыр, Испания) синагогадағы әйелдер бөлімі туралы айтады. 1393 жылы салынған Ауғанстандағы Ю-Ав синагогасында әйелдерге арналған жеке галерея бар.
Meir of Rothenburg (13th century, Germany) is reported to have had a separate women's section in his synagogue. Shlomo ibn Aderet (13th century, Spain) mentions a women's section in synagogue. The Yu Aw Synagogue in Afghanistan, built in 1393, has a separate women's gallery.
Синагогадағы бөлек орындықтар
Мечица – православие синагогтары мен діни мерекелерде ерлер мен әйелдер бөлімдерінің арасына қойылатын физикалық тосқауыл. Бұл екі себепке байланысты. Біріншіден, әдетте әр жыныстың араласуы жақтырмас, себебі бұл жеңілтек мінез-құлыққа, ал ол өз кезегінде адалсыздыққа алып келуі мүмкін. Екіншіден, егер жыныстар бөлек отырса да, діни қызмет кезінде олардың тым жақын қарым-қатынасқа түсуіне болмайды, себебі бұл көруге және арсыз ойларға себеп болуы мүмкін. Осы шектеулерге байланысты, мечицалар көбінесе мөлдір болмайды (кем дегенде ерлер бөлімінен әйелдер бөліміне қарағанда). Кейбір синагогтарда мечица ғимараттың алдыңғы және артқы бөлігін бөліп тұрады. Ал басқаларында ол синагогтың сол және оң жақтарын бөліп тұрады. Соңғысы көбінесе әділ деп есептеледі, себебі әйелдер қызметке ерлерден гөрі алыс емес. Синагогтың әйелдер бөлімі Иерусалимдегі Ғибадатханадағы ұқсас аумақтан кейін Езрат Нашим (עזרת נשים, әйелдер ауласы) деп аталады. Ашкеназдық Еуропа синагогтарында әйелдер бөлімі немесе қосымшасы вейбершул деп аталған. Тарихи тұрғыдан алғанда, вейбершулді фирзогерин басқарған, ол хазанның басшылығымен өткізілетін негізгі қызметтің еврей тіліндегі дұғаларын қарапайым тілге аударған білімді әйел болған. Православтық иудаизм мечицаның синагогта міндетті заңды білдіретінін немесе әдет-ғұрып екенін анықтау мәселесінде екіге бөлінген. ХХ ғасырдың ортасында өзін православиелік деп санайтын, бірақ мечицасы жоқ көптеген синагогтар болды. Алайда, 2015 жылы бұл синагог ОУ-дан кетуге шешім қабылдады, себебі ОУ оны ОУ мүшелігінен шығаруды жоспарлап отырғанын білгеннен кейін. Бір буын бұрын басымдыққа ие болған аралас орындық православиелік синагогтар (консервадокс) қазірге дейін жойылды. Православтық контекстте әйелдерге синагогта үлкен рөл беруді көздейтін серіктестік миня қозғалысы мечицаны қажет етеді. Дәстүрлі иудаизм одағы жақында мечицаның биіктігіне қатысты Киелі кітап заңы немесе раввиндік жарлық бойынша талаптар жоқ екенін дәлелдейтін пікір жариялады. Әдетте, ерлер мен әйелдер консервативті синагогтардың көпшілігінде бөлек отырмайды, бірақ консервативті иудаизм мен кейбір консервативті синагогтарда, әсіресе Канадада, ерлер мен әйелдер үшін жеке бөлмелер бар немесе физикалық тосқауылсыз бөлек орындықтар қарастырылған. Консервативті иудаизм Талмуд трактатындағы Мечица Сукка мерекесіне ғана қатысты екенін және оны синагогтағы ғибадат пен басқа да жағдайларда ерлер мен әйелдерді бөлу үшін пайдалану негізгі еврей заңдарының талабы емес, әдет-ғұрып екенін және қазіргі раввиндік қайта қарауға жататынын айтады. Кейбір консервативті синагогтарда (мысалы, Еуропа мен Израильде) мечица немесе ерлер мен әйелдер үшін жеке орындықтар бар. Бір кезде Яһудилердің теологиялық семинариясындағы синагогта осылай болды. Реформа және Реконструкциялық иудаизм, дәстүрлі діни заңдар қазіргі заманда міндетті емес және гендерлік рөлдерді көбірек еркін түсіндіруге сәйкес, өз синагогтарында мечица қолданбайды. (Тіпті православиеде де балконда перде болуы керек пе деген пікір таласы бар.) Мечицаны жою реформалық иудаизмнің символы болды және сәйкесінше, оны жоюға қарсылық православиенің символына айналды делінеді.
A mechitza most commonly means the physical divider placed between the men's and women's sections in Orthodox synagogues and at religious celebrations. The idea behind this is twofold. First, mingling of the sexes is generally frowned upon, as this leads to frivolity, which itself may lead to promiscuity. Secondly, even if the sexes are separated, they should not be able to interact to a high degree during a religious service, lest this leads to gazing and impure thoughts. Due to these restrictions, mechitzot are usually opaque (at least looking from the men's side to the women's side). In some synagogues, the mechitza divided the front and back of the synagogue. In others it divides the left and right sides of the synagogue. The latter is often seen as more equal, since the women are not farther away from the service than the men. The women's section of the synagogue is called the Ezrat Nashim (עזרת נשים, women's courtyard) after a similar area in the Temple in Jerusalem. In Ashkenazic European synagogues, the women's section or annex was called the weibershul. Historically, the weibershul was led by a Firzogerin, a learned woman who would translate the Hebrew liturgy of the main service led by the chazzan into the vernacular. Orthodox Judaism is divided on whether a synagogue mechitza represents binding law or a custom. During the middle portion of the 20th century, there were a substantial number of synagogues which considered themselves Orthodox but did not have one. However, in 2015 this synagogue decided to leave the OU, after learning that the OU was planning to expel it from OU membership. Mixed seating Orthodox synagogues (Conservadox), which were a prevalent minority as late as a generation ago, have now all but disappeared. The partnership minyan movement, which seeks a greater synagogue role for women within an Orthodox context, requires a mechitza. The Union for Traditional Judaism recently published a viewpoint arguing that a mechitza is not required to have a particular height by either Biblical law or rabbinic decree. Men and women are generally not separated in most Conservative synagogues, although it is a permissible option within Conservative Judaism and some Conservative synagogues, particularly in Canada, have one or have separate seating for men and women without a physical partition. Conservative Judaism takes the position that the Mechitza referred to in Talmud Tractate Sukkah applied only to the festival of Sukkah in the Temple and that its use to separate men and women for synagogue worship and other occasions represents a custom rather than a requirement of core Jewish law, and is subject to contemporary Rabbinic re examination. Some Conservative synagogues (e. g. in Europe and Israel) also have a meḥitza or separate seating sections for men and women without a physical partition. At one point the synagogue in the Jewish Theological Seminary did so. Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism, consistent with their view that traditional religious law is not mandatory in modern times and a more liberal interpretation of gender roles, do not use mechitzot in their synagogues. (Even in Orthodoxy there is a dispute as to whether a balcony requires a curtain.) It has been argued that abolition of the mechitza became a symbol of Reform Judaism and that, correspondingly, opposition to its abolition became a symbol of Orthodoxy.
Биіктігі
Мәжілісханада ерлер мен әйелдерді бөлетін мехицаның дұрыс биіктігі туралы әртүрлі пікірлер бар. Шұлхан Арух ХаРав бойынша, мехица ерлерге ұятсыз киінген әйелді көруден сақтауы керек, сондықтан мехица ер адамдай биік болуы керек, яғни 6 фут (180 сантиметр). Дегенмен, православие раввині Ахрон Соловеичик пікірінше, мехица тек халахик бөлігіш ретінде қызмет етуі керек, сондықтан мұндай бөлігіш үшін ең төменгі биіктік жеткілікті, яғни 10 тефахим (шамамен 32 дюйм немесе 80 сантиметр). Раввин Моше Файнштейн 18 тефахим биіктігін (шамамен 58 дюйм немесе 145 сантиметр) талап ететін аралық көзқарас ұсынды. Қатаң түсіндірулерді қабылдап, сонымен бірге әйелдерге еркек дұға оқушыны көруге мүмкіндік беру үшін көптеген мәжілісханалар 3-4 фут биіктіктегі мөлдір емес қабырға жасайды және оның үстіне тор, экран, бір жақты шыны немесе басқа жартылай мөлдір материал қосады. Оң жақта көрсетілген дизайн – мысал: оюлы шыны жартылай мөлдір, ал мөлдір емес қабырға синагогтың талап ететін ең төменгі биіктік талабына сай келеді. Иллинойс штатының Скоки қаласындағы Ор Тора синагогы да осыған ұқсас дизайнды қолданады.
There are different views on the proper height of a mechitzah separating men and women in a synagogue. According to the Shulchan Aruch HaRav, a mechitza needs to prevent men from seeing a woman who might be immodestly dressed, and hence a mechitza needs to be as tall as a man, or 6 feet (180 centimetres). However, according to Orthodox Rabbi Ahron Soloveichik, a mechitzah need only serve as a halakhic partition, and hence need only be the minimum height for such a partition, i. e. 10 tefachim (about 32 inches or 80 centimetres). Rabbi Moshe Feinstein had an intermediate view, requiring a height of 18 tefachim (about 58 inches or 145 centimetres). To accommodate stricter interpretations while simultaneously allowing women to see the male prayer leader, many synagogues will make an opaque wall that is 3–4 feet high and add a lattice, screen, one way glass, or other semi transparent material above that opaque wall. The design shown at right is an example: The etched glass is semi transparent, while the opaque wall adheres to what the synagogue requires as the minimum height requirement. The Or Torah synagogue in Skokie, Illinois has a similar design.
Үлгілер
Мехицаның әр түрлі стильдері бар, бұл синагоганың дұға қызметтеріне қатысуды күтетін әйелдердің санына, қауымның қауыммен бірге дұға еткісі келетін әйелдерді қабылдауға қаншалықты дайын екендігіне және қауым мехицаның мақсаты әлеуметтік бөлінуді қамтамасыз ету ме, әлде ер адамдарға әйелдерді көруді болдырмау ма, дегенге байланысты. Осылардың кез келгенін бөлменің ұзындығы бойынша жасауға болады, яғни ерлер мен әйелдер бір-бірімен қатар, немесе бөлменің ені бойынша әйелдер ерлердің артында отырады. Әйелдер ерлердің қасында отыратын синагогалар әйелдердің қауыммен бірге дұға етуге тең құқықты болуына көбірек мән береді.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Балкон. Балкон үш фут қабырғасы бар балкондар дәстүрлі түрде мехица ретінде жарамды саналады. Бұл үлгіде әйелдер балконда, ал ерлер төменде отырады. Бұл дизайн 19-шы және 20-шы ғасырдың басында кең таралған, сондай-ақ Еуропада, оның ішінде Лиссабондағы Шаарей Тиква синагогасында (1904 жылы ашылған) да кең таралған. АҚШ-тағы мысалдарға Балтимордағы Бней Израиль синагогасы (1845 жылы ашылған), Айова штатының Оттумва қаласындағы Бнай Якоб (1915 жылы ашылған), Массачусетс штатының Кембридж қаласындағы Бет Шалом ғибадатханасы (1925 жылы Ашкеназ ғибадатханасы ретінде ашылған) және Нью-Йорк штатының Форест-Хиллстегі Бет-Ефрайм Бухари еврей синагогасы (70-авеню) жатады. Кейбір американдық үлгілер белгілі бір еуропалық синагогалардан үлгі алған, ал басқалары жергілікті сәулет деп саналады. Канадалық мысал ретінде Онтарионың Солтүстік Йорктегі Бет Якоб синагогасын қарастыруға болады.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Балкондарда перделер немесе бір жақты шыны. Қатаң қауымдар балконда перделер қосады, сондықтан ерлер әйелдердің бетін де көре алмайды.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Ортаңғы бөлік. Бөлменің ортасымен жүретін, әйелдер мен еркектер бір-біріне қарап тұратын, белгілі бір биіктіктегі қақпа немесе гүлдан. Көбінесе бұл бөліктердің биіктігі минималды (3 фут (1 метр)). Кейде әйелдер бөлімі ерлер бөлімінен бір футқа жоғары көтеріледі. Төменгі қабатты бөлгіштің мысалы Чикагодағы Анше Шалом Бней Израиль синагогасында және Бруклиндегі Флатбуш қаласындағы Оушен Парквейдегі Янг Израильде бар. Орташа биіктігі бар (2 метр) қабырғаның жоғарылатылған еденсіз үлгісі – Онтарионың Гамильтон қаласындағы Адас Израиль. Жоғары қабатты еденді жоғары қабатты қабаттың мысалы Манхэттендегі Вашингтон Хайтс еврей орталығында орналасқан.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Будка. Көп әйелдер қатыспайды деп күтетін синагогалар алты әйелге ыңғайлы орын беретін шағын кеңістік ұйымдастырады. Бұл жерді биіктігі 2 метрден асатын, жылжымалы, мөлдір емес қабырғалар бөледі. Мысал ретінде Йешива университетінің бейт-мидраш және Бруклиндегі Флатбуш қаласындағы Дж даңғылының Жас Исраилде шәмбе күні кешкі қызметін қарастыруға болады. Кейбір синагогаларда будка балконда қосымша болып табылады, баспалдақпен жүру қиын әйелдерге арналған (мысалы, Ше'ерит Израиль қауымында, Глен авеню, Балтимор).
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Белгілі биіктіктегі мөлдірсіз қабырға. Кейде қабырғаның үстінде мөлдірсіз перде, экран, шыны немесе басқа материал болады, оған мыналар кіруі мүмкін: жалюзи немесе хабарландырулар немесе уағыз кезінде ашылатын перде, эфирлі шыны, боялған шыны, әйелдер көрінбей-ақ көре алуы үшін жарықпен бір жақты экран (мысалы, Балтимордағы Бет Джейкоб Шаарей Сион және Шалғайдағы православие). Массачусетс штатының Бруклин қаласында орналасқан Бостондық ребе синагогасының мехицасы толығымен Бостон Джон Хэнкок мұнарасының панельдерінен жасалған (қауіпсіздік мәселелеріне байланысты сол ғимараттан алынып тасталған). Бостондық ребеб бұл панельдерді таңдады, себебі олар бір жақты шыны, сондықтан әйелдер сыртты көре алады, бірақ ерлер әйелдер бөліміне кіре алмайды. Кейіннен әйелдер ерлер бөлмесіне кіре алмайтындай етіп, әйелдер бөлмесіне перделер орнатылды.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Перде. Әдетте биіктігі 2 метрден жоғары, мөлдірсіз немесе жартылай мөлдірсіз материалдан жасалған, бағаналар немесе киім ілгішпен ұсталған. Бұл нұсқа жоғарыда көрсетілген тұрақты нұсқаларға қарағанда арзан және өздерінің дұға залдарын жыныстық қатынасты аралас функцияларға бөлек жыныстық дұғадан басқа пайдалануды қалаған синагогалар жиі қолданады. Колледждің Хиллель православиелік минияндары осы нұсқаны таңдай алады, өйткені Хиллельдегі бөлмелер дұғадан басқа да көптеген мақсаттар үшін қолданылады.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Бөлек бөлме. Ең қатаң бөлініс әйелдерді ерлерден бөлек бөлмеде, бір жақты шыны немесе ашық терезе арқылы балкондан көруге болады немесе мүлдем көрінбейді. Бұған мысал ретінде Иерусалимдегі Маалот Дафна ауданындағы Оор Сомеах йешивасын қарастыруға болады, онда ерлер бірінші қабаттағы екі қабатты төбесі бар бөлмеде отырады, ал әйелдер екінші қабатта ерлердің дұға залына қарап тұратын терезесі бар. Ұқсас үлгі (ерлер бірінші қабатта, әйелдер екінші қабатта) Бруклиндегі Краун Хайтстағы Хабад Лубавич қозғалысының басты синагогасы 770 Истерн Паркуэйде және Иерусалимдегі Басты Белзер синагогында бар.
There are different styles of mechitzas, depending on the number of women the synagogue expects to attend their prayer services, how dedicated the congregation is to accommodating women who wish to pray with the congregation, and whether the congregation believes that the purpose of the mechitza is to provide a social separation or to prevent the men from seeing the women. Any of these options can be made so that they go across the length of the room so that men and women are side by side or so that they go across the width of the room so that women sit behind the men. Synagogues in which women sit next to the men are generally more concerned with women's ability to join equally in prayer with the congregation. Balcony Balconies with a three foot wall are themselves traditionally considered fitting mechitzas. In this design, women sit in the balcony and men sit below. This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon (opened in 1904). Examples in the United States include the Bnei Israel Synagogue in Baltimore (opened 1845), B'nai Jacob in Ottumwa, Iowa (opened 1915), Temple Beth Shalom (the Tremont Street Shul) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (opened 1925 as Temple Ashkenaz), and the Beth Efraim Bukharian Jewish Synagogue in Forest Hills, New York (70th Avenue). Some of these American examples are modeled after specific European synagogues, others are best classified as vernacular architecture. A Canadian example is the Beth Jacob Synagogue in North York, Ontario. Balconies with curtains or one way glass More strict congregations add a curtain to the balcony so that men cannot see even women's faces. Central partition A fixed height gate or planter running down the center of the room, so that women and men both face front side by side. Often these partitions are minimal height (3 feet (1 m)). In addition to the partition, sometimes the women's section is elevated by about a foot above the men's section. Example of a lower partition with a raised floor is in Anshe Shalom Bnei Israel synagogue in Chicago and Young Israel of Ocean Parkway in Flatbush, Brooklyn. An example of a medium high partition (5 feet (2 m)) without a raised floor is the Adas Israel in Hamilton, Ontario. An example of a higher partition with a raised floor is in Mount Sinai Jewish Center of Washington Heights in Manhattan. Booth Synagogues that expect very few women to attend provide a token space that can accommodate about six women comfortably. The space is demarcated by moveable, opaque partitions that are over 6 feet (2 m) high. Examples are in the Yeshiva University beit midrash, and the Shabbat afternoon service at Young Israel of Avenue J in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In some synagogues, the booth is a supplement to the balcony, to accommodate women who have difficulty walking up the stairs (such as at She'erith Israel Congregation, Glen Avenue, Baltimore). Fixed height opaque wall Sometimes with a non opaque curtain, screen, glass, or other material above the wall, which can include: blinds or a curtain that can be opened during announcements or a sermon, etched glass, stained glass, a one way screen with lights so that women can see through without being seen (e. g. Beth Jacob Shaarei Zion and Suburban Orthodox in Baltimore). The mechitza at the Bostoner Rebbe's synagogue in Brookline, Massachusetts, is made entirely of panels from the Boston John Hancock Tower (which had been removed from that building due to safety concerns). The Bostoner Rebbe chose these panels because they are one way glass so the women can see out, but men cannot see into the women's section. Later, the Rebbe's wife put curtains inside the women's section, so that women could not see into the men's section.) Curtain Usually 5 feet (2 m) tall or higher, made of opaque or semi opaque material, held up by poles on stands or a clothesline. This option costs less than the above fixed options and is used frequently by synagogues that wish to use their prayer halls for mixed sex functions in addition to separate sex prayer. College Hillel Orthodox minyans may choose this option because the rooms at Hillel are all used for multiple purposes besides prayer. Separate room The strictest separation has women in a separate room from the men, able to view through one way glass or an open window from a balcony, or not view at all. Examples of this are the yeshiva Ohr Someach in the neighborhood of Maalot Dafna in Jerusalem, where the men sit in a first floor room with a two story ceiling, and the women are on the second floor with a window overlooking the men's prayer hall. A similar design (men first floor, women second floor) is in 770 Eastern Parkway, the main synagogue for the Chabad Lubavitch movement in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and the Main Belzer Shul in Jerusalem.
Ерув
Халахикалық талқылауда "мечица" эрувтің шекаралық қабырғаларын да білдіре алады (Сенбі күні белгілі бір аумақта нәрсе тасымалдау үшін, аумақ толығымен қоршалған болуы керек). Мечица міндетті түрде қатты болуы шарт емес, бірақ оның жарамды мечица саналатындығына қатысты көптеген ережелер бар. (Мысалы, эрувтің бір бөлігі бірнеше тіректерге керілген жіптен тұруы мүмкін, және мұндай жіп жарамды мечица болып есептелуі мүмкін).
In halakhic discourse, "mechitza" can also refer to the boundary walls of an eruv for carrying (to carry within a given area on the Sabbath the area must be entirely enclosed). There are many specific rules for what constitutes a valid mechitza, although the mechitza does not have to be solid. (For example, there are many instances where part of an eruv may be a string run across several poles, and this could constitute a valid mechitza).
Сукқа
Талмудта сукканың қабырғалары "мечица" деп те аталады. Осы қабырғалар сукканың жарамды болуы үшін кем дегенде он тефахим (шамамен) биіктікте болуы тиіс.
The walls of a sukkah are also referred to as a "mechitza" in the Talmud. These walls must be at least ten tefachim (approximately ) high for the sukkah to be valid.