Маркус Гронхольм: Финн ралли өнерінің шебері

Finnish rally driver (born 1968)

Marcus Ulf Johan "Bosse" Grönholm (born February 5, 1968) is a Finnish former rally and rallycross driver, being part of a family of the Swedish speaking population of Finland lineage. His son, Niclas Grönholm, is an upcoming FIA World Rallycross Championship driver. Grönholm's nicknames are either "Bosse" (mainly in his native Finland and the Scandinavian countries) or "Magic Marcus". Grönholm is one of the most successful WRC drivers of all time, ranking third in rally wins (30), and winning two championships, in 2000 and 2002. After Peugeot withdrew from the World Rally Championship, Grönholm moved to Ford for the 2006 season and placed second in the drivers' world championship, losing out to Sébastien Loeb by one point. The next year he again placed second, four points behind Loeb. He and his co driver Timo Rautiainen retired from rallying after the 2007 season but returned to the championship in 2009 driving a private Subaru for a short period of time, and in the 2019 World Rally Championship where he competed in a Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT maintained Toyota Yaris under the GRX Team banner.

Grönholm's father, Ulf "Uffe" Grönholm, had been an active rally driver in the late 1970s to early 1980s, and with measurable success too, winding up twice Finnish champion. He was killed during a practice run for Hankiralli on February 25, 1981, in Kirkkonummi. Despite this connection, his son, only 13 years old at the time of his father's death, was latterly to refute any suggestion that it was Ulf, and not fellow rally driving cousin (and occasional Peugeot factory squad teammate at various points during the early 2000s), Sebastian Lindholm, who tempted him into following in his father's footsteps by also participating in the sport. In his teens Grönholm was fond of motocross as a recreational activity, but a serious knee injury forced a switch to boxing. Grönholm featured in various bit part roles in the world series throughout the 1990s, most notably with Toyota with whom he drove Celicas and Corolla WRCs. Much considered as a late bloomer he did not become a factory driver until his early 30s. A staggering string of fastest stage times one year as a privateer, on the final day of the Rally Finland, subsequently brought him to the attention of such factory teams as Ford, Toyota and Peugeot, who all presented him with offers for further employment. It was only when he joined the latter marque, championship newcomers for 1999, that he began to enjoy such meteoric success.

After suffering an engine failure on the season opening round in Monte Carlo in 2000, he took his first championship win on the Swedish Rally the following month, with the 206 WRC. Consequent wins, including on his home round of the series, were sufficient to see off closest points challenger, Subaru's Richard Burns and land a shock first title after finishing second to the Englishman in the Rally of Great Britain. After an irksome and unsuccessful championship defense in 2001 during which assorted mechanical problems kept him down to fourth overall in the points table, he easily won his second title in 2002. In 2003 Peugeot stuck with the same lineup as 2002 (Grönholm, Burns, Panizzi and Rovanperä) and also the 206. The only change was that the team now had major sponsorship from cigarette giants Marlboro painting the cars red and white. However the 206 was now four years old and showing its age. Grönholm covered this with three wins in Sweden, New Zealand and Argentina (the latter after an incident with a bank which dropped him to as low as 6th); however fuel pressure issues in Greece and a broken Propshaft in Cyprus meant Grönholm lost valuable points. A second in Germany was followed by accidents in Finland, Australia and Italy and by this stage he had fallen to sixth in the Championship. Fourth in France and sixth in Spain after a wrong tire choice was followed by another crash in Great Britain when he hit a pile of logs on a stage. The police soon caught him and despite his best efforts Grönholm was forbidden to go back to service. He finished sixth with 46 points. In 2004 Peugeot introduced the new 307 to replace the 206, but the car was plagued by gearbox and power steering woes throughout the season. Grönholm took an immediate dislike to the new car because of its poor reliability, battling gearbox problems in Monte Carlo and power steering issues in Sweden. After more power steering woes in Mexico he stated "I'm fed up with this car". An eventful second in New Zealand was followed by heartbreak in Cyprus: Here Grönholm thought he had taken the 307's first win but after the event both he and teammate Harri Rovanperä (who finished fifth) were disqualified for illegal water pumps. A damaged suspension took him out in Greece, while despite a second in Turkey, co driver Rautiainen suffered two broken bones in his bottom after they ran over a loose steel rod lying on the stage they were driving on which went through Rautiainen's seat this incident went viral when after a reporter's question, Grönholm explained that something went through the seat "up in the ass of Timo". In Finland everything clicked despite a gearbox issue and Grönholm finally got a win he was allowed to keep, but he went from hero to zero by crashing on the first stage in Germany. Spain would be his last podium of the year, coming home second after winning a battle with Carlos Sainz. This meant Grönholm finished a frustrating fifth with 62 points. For 2005 Peugeot switched from Michelin to Pirelli tires, feeling that they could win on different rubber and to give Pirelli opportunities with other teams as only Subaru used their rubber in 2004. Grönholm also had a new teammate in Markko Märtin as Rovanperä joined Mitsubishi. After a difficult start with crashes in Monaco and Sweden Grönholm finished second in Mexico and New Zealand and was in contention for the win in Italy until a hefty roll down a hill cost him a heap of time and he had to settle for third. Retirement in Cyprus was followed by another third in Turkey where he lost a fight with Solberg for second; however both were comfortably beaten by Loeb who dominated the year with ten wins and Michelin tires that were superior to the Pirelli on the Peugeot. Groholm criticised the 307's speed in Argentina where despite coming second he stated "It's impossible to go faster with this car". He did take two wins in Finland and Japan, both of which creating contrasting emotions. In Finland he won his home rally for the fifth time despite Rautiainen having another bizarre injury when he damaged a vertebra over a jump. The Japan event came just a week after the death of Märtin's co driver Michael Park after a crash in Great Britain (Grönholm was therefore withdrawn from the event) and Grönholm was set to finish second until rally leader Petter Solberg crashed on the penultimate stage handing Grönholm the win. It would be Grönholm's last with Peugeot as he retired from the last three events of the year in France (gearbox issues) Spain (technical failure) and Australia (damaged suspension) and although he tied with Solberg on 71 points, the Norwegian pipped him to second with more wins (3 2) so Grönholm finished third. At the end of the year Peugeot left the championship and Grönholm needed to find a new team.

For the 2006 season, Grönholm switched to the Ford team, driving their all new 2006 specification Focus RS WRC. On his debut, in January, he won his first ever tarmac rally in Monte Carlo, beating Sébastien Loeb by over a minute, albeit beaten by the Frenchman on the road with the championship's unliked 'Superally' regulations coming to his rescue as a shunt for the Citroën hastened its exit from Leg One. Although he was to follow this up with an entirely credible win in the second event of the season, Sweden, subsequent events saw Loeb surge past into a comfortable lead: the Frenchman was to never finish below second place in every event he entered, while his adversary was left to rue a string of retirements and errors that stymied his challenge. In the meantime, the hopeful Grönholm collected victories over Loeb in Greece and Finland. Loeb's hopes seemed to be coming to fruition when yet another victory in Cyprus brought him to the brink of the title; however he was to suffer his own blow days later when injury from a biking accident forced him out of the last four rounds of the series. Grönholm was able to push within one point of the lead in the total standings as Loeb recovered, but his claim to the title was finally extinguished when he rolled out of contention on the first leg of the penultimate event in Australia. Some solace for Grönholm, though, came in that another victory in New Zealand ahead of teammate Mikko Hirvonen was to confirm the manufacturers' title for his Ford team over Loeb less Kronos Citroën. The 2007 season started in good fashion for Grönholm. He claimed third place in the 75ème Rallye Automobile de Monte Carlo behind the dominant returning works Citroens, and then the top spot in the Swedish Rally, mirroring the previous year's result. While the usually consummate Loeb tumbled out of the points from a potentially auspicious position in both Norway and Sardinia, Grönholm remained consistent and after winning for the 28th time in his career over the Citroen titan in Greece, led the championship by nine points over Loeb over the championship's summer break. At the 2007 Rally Finland, Ford secured a one two with Grönholm taking the win and Hirvonen the second place ahead of Loeb. At the next rally, the 2007 Rallye Deutschland, Grönholm got distracted by a cow along the road and made a driving error while trying to secure a second place ahead of hard charging François Duval, dropping him to fourth place behind his teammate. Then came New Zealand, where after a tight battle over all three legs, Grönholm took a victory of historic slenderness over Loeb. The final winning margin between the two represented the closest ever in the history of the World Rally Championship: 0.3 seconds. This victory put him ten points clear in the championship with five rounds remaining. Podium finishes in Spain and France kept him on track for the championship, but after crashing out early at both Japan and Ireland the championship lead switched back to Loeb. Second place at Wales Rally GB was not enough to dislodge Loeb and so Grönholm finished the season as runner up. On 14 September 2007, Grönholm announced long rumoured plans to retire from rallying at the end of the 2007 season, stating that "I wanted to stop while I still had the speed to win rallies. I didn't want to leave the decision too late so that I wasn't capable of winning any longer", also citing the opportunity ahead of him to potentially retire as a three time World Rally Champion.

Grönholm also won the 2002 Race of Champions, taking home the Henri Toivonen Memorial Trophy and earning the title "Champion of Champions". At the 2006 Race of Champions, he formed team Finland with Heikki Kovalainen and the pair won the Nations' Cup.

On April 16, 2008, Grönholm, at a press conference in the Kungsträdgården of Stockholm, announced a limited programme to take part in at least five rounds of the FIA European Championships for Rallycross Drivers (ERC). Grönholm participated in the series as team member of Andréas Eriksson's Ford Team RS Europe and, like the 2003 Swedish rally champion, drove a brand new 4WD Ford Fiesta ST European Rallycross Car (ERC) with and 800+ Nm torque that goes from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.2 seconds, faster than any current Formula One car. The programme was later reduced to three 2008 ERC rounds (Sweden, the Netherlands and Poland). Grönholm qualified on pole and went on to take the win in his ERC debut at Höljes in Sweden on July 6 in front of 23,400 spectators. In 2011 Grönholm participated in the American Global RallyCross Championship (GRC) in a 560 bhp Best Buy Ford Fiesta Mk7 prepared by the Swedish company Olsbergs MSE. 2012 he continued in the GRC for the same team and car and started the season with two overall victories on two events. A career ending injury took place during practice for the tjirdround, held at X Games Los Angeles 2012.

In August 2008, Grönholm turned down Stobart M Sport Ford's offer to return to the WRC to replace the injured Gigi Galli. It was later reported that the factory teams of Citroën and Subaru both wanted to sign him for the 2009 season. In December, Grönholm and Subaru were reportedly close to signing to a full 12 event program, when the team re structured the potential deal for financial reasons to include only four events, which did not interest Grönholm. Soon after, Subaru announced its shock withdrawal from the series due to the economic downturn. Grönholm came out of retirement to contest the 2009 Rally Portugal in a Prodrive prepared Subaru Impreza WRC2009. He stated that he was not aiming for the win and that "it will be fun to return [to the WRC], even in an ad hoc way, in a car that I don't know at all and after a year where I competed in some rallycross events." Despite this Grönholm performed well and stayed in touch with the leaders; he was in 4th position when he crashed on Saturday's opening stage, damaging the car's engine and ending his rally. Grönholm took part in the 2010 Rally Sweden driving a Ford Focus RS WRC 08 for Team Therminator, alongside countryman Matthias Therman. Grönholm was co driven, as usual, by Timo Rautiainen. He finished the rally – the first round of the 2010 WRC season in 21st place after technical problems on stage 6 costing him 13 minutes making him drop down to 33rd then making all the way up again until he got to 24th place but then dropped again to 30th place because of a puncture costing him another 7 minutes. Grönholm made a return to the wheel of a Prodrive run rally car in September 2010 when he test drove the Mini Countryman WRC in Portugal. Grönholm agreed to the test before taking any long term decisions about his future. He also made a limited appearance in the 2019 World Rally Championship where he drove a Toyota Gazoo Racing run Yaris under the GRX Team banner in the 2019 Rally Sweden.

Year Entrant Car 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 WDC Points 1989 Marcus Grönholm Lancia Delta Integrale SWE MON POR KEN FRA GRC NZL ARG FIN23 AUS ITA CIV GBR NC 0 1990 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica GT Four ST165 MON POR KEN FRA GRC NZL ARG FINRet AUS ITA CIV GBR NC 0 1991 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica GT Four ST165 MON SWE POR KEN FRA GRC NZL ARG FIN13 AUS ITA CIV ESP GBR NC 0 1992 Finnish Junior Rally Team Toyota Celica GT Four ST165 MON SWERet POR KEN FRA GRC NZL ARG NC 0 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD FINRet AUS ITA CIV ESP GBR 1993 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD MON SWE POR KEN FRA GRC ARG NZL FIN10 AUS ITA ESP GBR 65th 1 1994 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD MON POR KEN FRA GRC ARG NZL FIN5 ITA GBR 19th 8 1995 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD MON SWERet FRA NZLRet AUS ESP GBR – 0 H. F. Grifone Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD PORRet 1996 Marcus Grönholm Toyota Celica Turbo 4WD SWE7 KEN IDN GRC ARG 10th 14 Team Toyota Castrol Finland Toyota Celica GT Four ST205 FIN4 AUS ITA ESP 1997 Toyota Castrol Team Sweden Toyota Celica GT Four ST205 MON SWE8 KEN 12th 5 Team Toyota Castrol Finland Toyota Celica GT Four ST205 PORRet ESP FRA H. F. Grifone Toyota Celica GT Four ST205 ARG4 GRC NZL Toyota Castrol Team Toyota Corolla WRC FINRet IDN ITA AUS GBR5 1998 H. F. Grifone Toyota Celica GT Four ST205 MON SWE5 KEN 16th 2 Toyota Corolla WRC PORRet ESPRet FRA ARG GRC NZLRet Toyota Castrol Team Toyota Corolla WRC FIN7 ITA AUS GBRRet 1999 SEAT Sport SEAT Córdoba WRC MON SWERet KEN 15th 5 Marlboro Mitsubishi Ralliart Mitsubishi Carisma GT Evo VI PORRet ESP FRA ARG Peugeot Esso Peugeot 206 WRC GRCRet NZL FIN4 CHN ITA8 AUS5 GBRRet 2000 Peugeot Esso Peugeot 206 WRC MONRet SWE1 KENRet POR2 ESP5 ARG2 GRCRet NZL1 FIN1 CYPRet FRA5 ITA4 AUS1 GBR2 1st 65 2001 Peugeot Total Peugeot 206 WRC MONRet SWERet POR3 ESPRet ARGRet CYPRet GRCRet KENRet FIN1 NZL5 ITA7 FRARet AUS1 GBR1 4th 36 2002 Peugeot Total Peugeot 206 WRC MON5 SWE1 FRA2 ESP4 CYP1 ARGDSQ GRC2 KENRet FIN1 GER3 ITA2 NZL1 AUS1 GBRRet 1st 77 2003 Marlboro Peugeot Total Peugeot 206 WRC MON13 SWE1 TUR9 NZL1 ARG1 GRCRet CYPRet GER2 FINRet AUSRet ITARet FRA4 ESP6 GBRRet 6th 46 2004 Marlboro Peugeot Total Peugeot 307 WRC MON4 SWE2 MEX6 NZL2 CYPDSQ GRCRet TUR2 ARGRet FIN1 GERRet JPN4 GBRRet ITA7 FRA4 ESP2 AUSRet 5th 62 2005 Marlboro Peugeot Total Peugeot 307 WRC MON5 SWERet MEX2 NZL2 ITA3 CYPRet TUR3 GRC4 ARG2 FIN1 GER3 GBRRet JPN1 FRARet ESPRet AUSRet 3rd 71 2006 BP Ford World Rally Team Ford Focus RS WRC 06 MON1 SWE1 MEX8 ESP3 FRA2 ARG10 ITARet GRC1 GER3 FIN1 JPN2 CYP2 TUR1 AUS5 NZL1 GBR1 2nd 111 2007 BP Ford World Rally Team Ford Focus RS WRC 06 MON3 SWE1 NOR2 MEX2 POR4 ARG2 ITA1 GRC1 2nd 112Ford Focus RS WRC 07 FIN1 GER4 NZL1 ESP3 FRA2 JPNRet IRERet GBR2 2009 Prodrive Subaru Impreza WRC2009 IRE NOR CYP PORRet ARG ITA GRE POL FIN AUS ESP GBR NC 0 2010 Stobart VK M Sport Ford Rally Team Ford Focus RS WRC 08 SWE21MEXJORTURNZLPORBULFINDEUJPNFRAESPGBR NC 0 2019 GRX Team Toyota Yaris WRC MON SWE38 MEX FRA ARG CHL POR ITA FIN GER TUR GBR ESP AUS NC 0

SeasonTeamStartsVictoriesPodiumsStage winsDNFPointsFinal result 1989 Private 1 0 0 0 0 0 NC 1990 Private 1 0 0 0 1 0 NC 1991 Private 1 0 0 0 0 0 NC 1992 Finnish Junior Rally Team 1 0 0 0 0 0 NC Private 1 0 0 1 1 0 1993 Private 1 0 0 0 0 1 65th 1994 Private 1 0 0 0 0 8 19th 1995 Private 2 0 0 0 2 0 NC H. F. Grifone 1 0 0 0 1 0 1996 Private 1 0 0 0 0 4 10th Team Toyota Castrol Finland 1 0 0 0 0 10 1997 Toyota Castrol Team 2 0 0 5 1 2 12th H. F. Grifone 1 0 0 1 0 3 Toyota Castrol Team Sweden 1 0 0 0 0 0 Toyota Castrol Team Finland 1 0 0 0 1 0 1998 H. F. Grifone 4 0 0 1 3 2 16th Toyota Castrol Team 2 0 0 8 1 0 1999 Peugeot Esso 5 0 0 9 2 5 15th SEAT Sport 1 0 0 0 1 0 Marlboro Mitsubishi Ralliart 1 0 0 0 1 0 2000 Peugeot Esso 14 4 7 42 4 651st 2001 Peugeot Total 14 3 4 34 8 36 4th 2002 Peugeot Total 14 5 9 69 2 771st 2003 Marlboro Peugeot Total 14 3 4 50 6 46 6th 2004 Marlboro Peugeot Total 16 1 5 71 5 62 5th 2005 Marlboro Peugeot Total 16 2 8 55 6 713rd 2006 BP Ford World Rally Team 16 7 12 124 1 1112nd 2007 BP Ford World Rally Team 16 5 12 76 2 1122nd 2009 Prodrive 1 0 0 0 1 0 NC 2010 Stobart VK M Sport Ford Rally Team 1 0 0 1 0 0 NC 2019 GRX Team 1 0 0 0 0 0 NCTotal 153 30 61 547 50 615