11 қыркүйекке қарсы терактінің қаржылық көмекшісі: Мустафа әл-Хауауи ісі

Saudi Arabian terrorist (alleged)

Mustafa Ahmed Adam al Hawsawi (مصطفى احمد ادم هوساوي; born August 5, 1968) is a Saudi Arabian citizen. He is alleged to have acted as a key financial facilitator for the September 11 attacks in the United States. Mustafa al Hawsawi was captured in Pakistan by Pakistani agents in March 2003 and was transferred to the custody of the United States. He was held in secret CIA black sites until September 2006, when he was transferred to Guantánamo Bay and U. S. officials finally acknowledged his imprisonment. It detained him at the Salt Pit, a secret black site in Afghanistan. It was reported in August 2010 that, after months of interrogation, the CIA transferred al Hawsawi and three other high value detainees to Guantanamo Bay detention camp on September 24, 2003, for indefinite detention. Fearing that Rasul v. Bush, a pending Supreme Court case about detainees' habeas corpus rights, might result in having to provide the men with access to counsel, the CIA took back custody on March 27, 2004, and transported the four men to one of their black sites. It has long been known that, during al Hawsawi's CIA captivity, his captors injured him, causing him to suffer from anal fissures, chronic hemorrhoids and, most seriously, symptomatic rectal prolapse. CIA leadership, including General Counsel Scott Muller and DDO James Pavitt, were alerted to allegations that rectal exams were conducted with "excessive force" on two detainees at the Salt Pit detention site. Al Hawsawi had previously worked in Al Qaeda's media committee and was selected by Khalid Shaikh Mohammad to assist as a travel and financial facilitator for the hijackers. This was done after Mohammed's nephew, Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, requested assistance with helping the hijackers. Mohammed stated Al Hawsawi was one of the main contacts for the hijackers while they were in the U. S and that Mohammed's knowledge about the pilots mainly came from Al Hawsawi or Ramzi Binalshibh. Al Hawsawi was charged with being in the United Arab Emirates starting in April 2001, and would help send the last four operatives (other than Mihdhar) to the U. S and assisted them by purchasing clothing, food, lodging, rental cars, traveler’s checks, and making travel arrangements. Hawsawi's role as a financial facilitator appeared to have begun when hijacker Banihammad helped Hawsawi complete an account application in the UAE and granted him power of attorney over his account so Hawsawi could forward the bank card to him in the US, $4,900 was subsequently deposited into this account by Hawsawi. Between June, 2001 and September, 2001, Al Hawsawi collected money, packages and provided various sums money to the hijackers. In early September 2001, hijackers started sending Hawsawi a series of wire transfers totaling about $28,000 — apparently unspent advances on expenses — from addresses in Broward County, Florida and Boston, Al Hawsawi would later comment that as the money flowed in, he came to understand that “an operation” would soon happen. On September 11, 2001, Al Hawsawi traveled from the United Arab Emirates to Pakistan. Al Hawsawi said that he first learned of the 9/11 operation following the attacks and was surprised by the size of the 9/11 operation. He was reportedly taken to the U. S. Bagram airbase in Afghanistan. The CIA maintained a detention and interrogation site there. This was not confirmed by U. S. officials.

Al Hawsawi was held in secret CIA custody, for several years. When the United States Senate Intelligence Committee published a 600 page unclassified summary of its 6,000 page classified report on the CIA's use of torture, it became known that al Hawsawi was held in several CIA black sites during his years in secret detention, where he was subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques which amounted to torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. In particular, the report revealed that:
Al Hawsawi had been held in detention site COBALT, believed to be situated in Afghanistan, in 2003. There he was subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques, including water dousing without the approval from CIA headquarters and to rectal examinations conducted with "excessive force", leading to a diagnosis of chronic hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and symptomatic rectal prolapse;
During his detention in detention site VIOLET, believed to be located in Lithuania, al Hawsawi required emergency medical care, but officers denied him access to a local hospital. Moreover, the findings of the Senate Report raised doubts about Al Hawsawi's detention, identifying him as one of a number of individuals who were detained under the CIA's program "despite doubts and questions surrounding [his] knowledge of terrorist threats and the location of senior al Qa'ida leadership". In fact, after his first interrogation, the Chief of Interrogations wrote to CIA Headquarters saying that al Hawsawi "does not appear to the [sic] be a person that is a financial mastermind." Hamdan's attorneys had previously requested permission to get the "high value detainees" to answer written questions. They believed the men would confirm that if Hamdan played a role in al Qaeda, it had been a peripheral one. Abdulmalik Mohammed and Mustafa al Hawsawi declined to answer the questions, because they said they had no way to know that the questions purporting to be from Hamdan's attorneys were not a ruse. Andrea J. Prasow requested permission for Lieutenant Commander Brian Mizer to meet in person with the two men to try to assure them that the questions were not a ruse, and would not be shared with their interrogators.

In June 2008, al Hawsawi and four other "high value detainees" (Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi bin al Shibh, Ammar al Baluchi and Walid Bin Attash) were charged with crimes brought before the Guantanamo military commission. The charges included 2,973 individual counts of murder, one for each person killed in the September 11 attacks, as well as conspiracy, murder in violation of the law of war, attacking civilians, attacking civilian objects, intentionally causing serious bodily injury, destruction of property in violation of the law of war, terrorism, and providing material support for terrorism. The judge ordered al Hawsawi and bin al Shibh to undergo mental competency hearings. On December 8, 2008, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed told the judge that he and the other four indictees wished to confess and plead guilty; however, the plea would be delayed until after the competency hearings for al Hawsawi and bin al Shibh, so that all five men could make their plea together. In May 2009, Al Arabiya reported that Montasser al Zayyat, a prominent Egyptian attorney, had been invited to defend al Hawsawi. Al Zayat described suspecting, at first, that he was the target of a hoax. On August 31, 2009, Corrections One, a trade journal for the prison industry, proclaimed that "Mustafa Ahmed al Hawsawi" was one of ten captives they speculated might be moved to a maximum security prison in Standish, Michigan. In 2004, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Rasul v. Bush, that Guantanamo captives were entitled to being informed of the allegations justifying their detention, and were entitled to try to refute them.

On December 7, 2015, Amnesty International, USA launched a campaign to raise awareness regarding al Hawsawi's military commission trial, which they alleged violates international fair trial standards by frustrating the truth seeking process by impeding transparency and denying accountability for torture.

On January 23, 2015, the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention held that al Hawsawi's ongoing detention in Guantánamo Bay was arbitrary, and in contravention of articles 9 and 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and 9 and 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

On July 7, 2015, the Inter American Commission on Human Rights adopted a resolution on precautionary measures regarding al Hawsawi requesting the United States of America, inter alia, to adopt the necessary measures to protect the life and personal integrity of al Hawsawi, and to adopt the necessary measures to ensure access to medical care and treatment.

On April 25, 2011, whistleblower organization WikiLeaks published formerly secret assessments drafted by Joint Task Force Guantanamo analysts. His seven page Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment was drafted on December 8, 2006. It was signed by deputy camp commandant Brigadier General Edward L. Secord. He recommended continued detention.