Кеңес Одағының "Жулиет" сыныпты зымырандық қайық суасты кемесі

Soviet Juliett class cruise missile submarine

K 77 was a "Project 651" (NATO reporting name: ) diesel–electric submarine built for the Soviet Navy during the 1960s. Commissioned in 1965, the boat was armed with long range cruise missiles to carry out its mission of destroying American aircraft carriers and bases. The missiles could be fitted with either conventional or nuclear warheads. K 77 was built later in the Juliett class, so her hull was conventional steel and her battery was of the conventional lead acid type, rather than the austenitic steel and silver zinc batteries used in the first Julietts. K 77 was also used as the set for the motion picture K 19: The Widowmaker, starring Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson. The boat flooded and sank during a storm in 2007. She was refloated a year later and subsequently scrapped.

In the late 1950s, the Soviet Navy was tasked to neutralize American bases and aircraft carriers. It began construction of a large number of expensive nuclear powered (s) to accomplish this, but could not build enough nuclear reactors to equip them in a timely manner. Even though the Juliett class was inferior to the Echos, it was ordered into production because it did not require resources needed for the nuclear boats. The Juliett class boats are a double hulled design that displaces on the surface and submerged. The boats have an overall length of , a beam of and a draft (ship) of The Julietts have a test depth of and a design depth of The prominent blast deflectors cut out of the outer hull behind the missile launchers make the submarines very noisy at high speed. Their crew numbered 78 men.

The Juliett class is powered by a diesel electric system that consists of two 1D43 diesel engines and a pair of MG 141 electric motors for cruising on the surface. Two additional electric motors are intended for slow speeds underwater and are powered by four banks of lead acid battery cells that are recharged by a 1DL42 diesel generator. The boats are fitted with a retractable snorkel to allow the diesel engines to operate while underwater. On the surface, the submarines have a maximum speed of Using their diesel electric system while snorkeling gives the Julietts a range of at Using just the electric motors underwater, they have a maximum range of at Their best submerged speed on electric motors is , although it reduces their range to They could carry enough supplies for 90 days of operation.

K 77 was laid down at the Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 shipyard in Gorky on 31 January 1963. She was launched on 11 March 1965 and commissioned on 31 October K 77 was decommissioned sometime after 1991, and by the end of 1994, all Julietts had been retired.

At the end of the Cold War, Finnish businessman Jari Komulainen, who was married to the daughter of President of Finland Mauno Koivisto, used his influence as Finland's "first son in law" to convince the Russian government to lease him a Project 641 "Foxtrot" class submarine, probably the ex Soviet submarine B 39. Komulainen opened it to the public in Helsinki in the spring of 1993 as a tourist attraction. He then purchased two Juliett class submarines, one K 77 replacing the Foxtrot in 1994, becoming a bar and restaurant as well as a tourist attraction. Komulainen believed that his restaurant had been K 81, based on a metal plate discovered inside the boat. However, it later transpired that that plate and others bearing different numbers were provided for the crew to display on the submarine's sail during surface running to confuse NATO reconnaissance aircraft. Komulainen also held a beauty pageant "Miss Submarine" at the submarine. Model Anitra Ahtola, who won the competition, later became his third wife. As a restaurant, K 77 was modestly successful, but was not lucrative enough to satisfy Komulainen. In 1998, he leased his submarine to a Canadian promoter, who towed it to Tampa Bay, Florida. towed to Collier Point Park in Providence, Rhode Island, and opened to the public in August 2002. K 77 offered public tours and a comprehensive educational program in accordance with New Standards and attuned to the advancement requirements of both Boy Scout and Girl Scout programs. When the Saratoga Museum Foundation took possession of the submarine, it was described as K 81 in the initial press releases from the Saratoga Museum Foundation. The foundation spent months refurbishing the interior, which included removing several bulkheads, moving large pieces of equipment, and going deep into the bilges. During this process, documents were found which provided incontrovertible proof that the submarine was K 77 and not K 81 as earlier thought. The records confirming this information include maintenance reports, equipment exchanges, radio messages, duty rosters, log entries, and torpedo firing exercises, which all identify the submarine as K 77.

The submarine sank on 18 April 2007 after a storm, and plans were made to raise it off the river bottom. The Museum's theory on why the submarine sank is that a modified hatch was not properly watertight. Recovery efforts by U. S. Navy and Army divers began in June 2008 as part of a project to train military divers through real world, community based projects. On 2 June 2008, divers from Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit Two in Norfolk, Virginia arrived and began preparations to raise the submarine. On 25 July 2008, she was brought to the surface by US Navy and Army divers. The work of pumping out water was completed in August 2008. The sub was badly deteriorated and in need of substantial repair. On 11 August 2009, RI Recycled Metals LLC towed the sub to a facility from the museum site so that it could be scrapped. A portion of the vessel remained in the river and in 2017, a judge ordered that the remnants be removed. A section of the submarine was destroyed in a fire in March 2021 while in the process of being dismantled at a Providence scrapyard.