Буынға дәрілік заттарды енгізу әдісі мен қауіпсіздігі

Method of delivering drugs into a joint
A 2015 Cochrane review found that intra articular corticosteroid injections of the knee did not benefit quality of life and had no effect on knee joint space; clinical effects one to six weeks after injection could not be determined clearly due to poor study quality. Another 2015 study reported negative effects of intra articular corticosteroid injections at higher doses, and a 2017 trial showed reduction in cartilage thickness with intra articular triamcinolone every 12 weeks for 2 years compared to placebo. A 2018 study found that intra articular triamcinolone is associated with an increase in intraocular pressure.

Usual standards for musculoskeletal interventional procedures apply include review of previous imaging, informed consent and appropriate local anesthetic. The use of a high frequency (> 10 MHz) linear array transducer is recommended, but lower frequency curvilinear probes may be occasionally required to visualize deep structures in larger patients. A preliminary diagnostic sonographic examination, including color Doppler of the area to be punctured is necessary to define the relationship of adjacent neurovascular structures. Injections should be performed with adherence to aseptic technique although this varies between institutions and radiologists attributable to resources, training, perceived risk and experience. In a survey of 250 health professionals in the United Kingdom, 43.5% believed infection rates were < 1/1000 following intra articular injections, 33.0% perceived rates were < 1/100, and 2.6% perceived the risk as negligible. can be considered when symptoms persist despite initial treatment options such as activity modification, analgesia and physical therapy.