Кіріспе
955-958 жылдар аралығында Англия королевасы Эльфгифу, 957 немесе 958 жылға дейін Англия королі Эдвигтің (955-959 жылдары тақ отырған) әйелі ретінде Англия королевасы болды. Ол туралы белгілі мәліметтер көбінесе аңглосаксондық шарттар, мүмкін өсиет, аңглосаксондық жылнама және агиографиялық еңбектердегі жағымсыз әңгімелер арқылы жеткен. Эдвигтің билік құрған жылдарының ішінде жойылған корольмен арадағы одағы, 950-ші жылдардың соңында тақты қоршаған фракциялық бәсекелестіктің нысаны болған секілді. Шамамен 1000 жылға қарай, бенедикт реформаторлары Дунстан мен Освальдтың өмірі агиографияның тақырыбы болғанда, оның естелігі күрт нашарлаған. Дегенмен, 960-шы жылдардың ортасында ол Эдгар патшамен жақсы қарым-қатынастағы, бай жер иесі болған және өсиеті арқылы патшалық отбасымен байланысты шіркеулерге, әсіресе Винчестердегі Ескі және Жаңа монастырларға жомарт көмек көрсеткен.
Queen of England from 955 to 958
Ælfgifu was Queen of the English as wife of King Eadwig of England (r. 955–959) for a brief period of time until 957 or 958. What little is known of her comes primarily by way of Anglo Saxon charters, possibly including a will, the Anglo Saxon Chronicle and hostile anecdotes in works of hagiography. Her union with the king, annulled within a few years of Eadwig's reign, seems to have been a target for factional rivalries which surrounded the throne in the late 950s. By c. 1000, when the careers of the Benedictine reformers Dunstan and Oswald became the subject of hagiography, its memory had suffered heavy degradation. In the mid 960s, however, she appears to have become a well to do landowner on good terms with King Edgar and, through her will, a generous benefactress of ecclesiastical houses associated with the royal family, notably the Old Minster and New Minster at Winchester.
Ælfgifu was Queen of the English as wife of King Eadwig of England (r. 955–959) for a brief period of time until 957 or 958. What little is known of her comes primarily by way of Anglo Saxon charters, possibly including a will, the Anglo Saxon Chronicle and hostile anecdotes in works of hagiography. Her union with the king, annulled within a few years of Eadwig's reign, seems to have been a target for factional rivalries which surrounded the throne in the late 950s. By c. 1000, when the careers of the Benedictine reformers Dunstan and Oswald became the subject of hagiography, its memory had suffered heavy degradation. In the mid 960s, however, she appears to have become a well to do landowner on good terms with King Edgar and, through her will, a generous benefactress of ecclesiastical houses associated with the royal family, notably the Old Minster and New Minster at Winchester.
Отбасылық негіздер
Бұл дереккөздер Эльфгифудың отбасылық тарихы туралы екі фактіні нақты айтады. Біріншіден, анасы Этельгифу аталған, өте жоғары текті әйел (natione præcelsa) болған. Екіншіден, ол күйеуі Эдвигпен туыс болған, себебі 958 жылы архиепископ Ода олардың некесін қандық байланыс тым жақын болғандықтан, яғни тыйым салынған туыстық дәрежесіне дейін бұзған. Эльфгифу сондай-ақ 966 және 975 жылдар аралығында өсиет қалдырған әйел ретінде танылған, бұл оның тегін анықтауға көмектесуі мүмкін. Бұл толыққанды емес іздер, өзіндік құндылығы болмаса да, Эльфгифу үшін екі мүмкін және қатар жүретін шежіре құруға пайдаланылды, екеуі де оған патшалық дәреже береді. Сирил Харт пен Паулин Стаффорд қолдаған бір теория бойынша, ол Мерсиялық асыл әйел, Мерсияның эалдорман Этельфрит пен оның әйелі Этельгиттен тараған. Бұл реконструкция Рисборо (Баккингемшир) Эльфгифудың өсиетте айтылған иеліктерінің бірі бұрын Этельгит иелігінде болған деген болжамға негізделген. Бұл Эльфгифу Букингемширде көптеген иеліктерді мұра еткен болуы мүмкін. Ол өзінің иелігінде болған епископ Этельвольдтан "анасының жаны үшін" дұға етуін сұрағандықтан, ол оны аналық желі арқылы жасаған болуы мүмкін. Егер бұл дұрыс болса, ол саяси жағынан белгілі Этельстан Жарты патшаның отбасымен және оның ұрпақтарымен тығыз байланысты болған. Оның болжамды өсиеті тағы бір, кеңінен қабылданған гипотезаның бастапқы нүктесі болып табылады. Бұл құжатта ол Ельверд пен Этельвердке, көрінетін ағаларына (олардың бірі Этельфледке үйленген) және әпкесі Ельварға мүлік қалдырады. Этельвард пен Эльввард 974 жылғы жасалма патшалық жарғының куәгерлер тізімінде ағайындылар және министрлер ретінде көрінеді. Бұл сол Этельвард болуы мүмкін, ол 958 мен 977 жылдар аралығында патшалық жарғыларды куәландырған, патшаның тегі болған және кейін Батыс провинцияларының көрнекті эалдорманына айналып, латын жылнамасының авторы болған, онда ол Уэссекс патшасы Этельредтен (871 ж. қайтыс болған), король Этельвулфтың төртінші ұлынан шыққан деп мәлімдеген. Бұл просопографиялық зерттеулерден шығатын қорытынды: егер эалдорман және жылнамашы Этельвард оның ағасы болса, олар патша Этельредтен ортақ ата-бабаны бөліскен болуы керек. Осыған сәйкес, Эльфгифу Эдвигтің үшінші туысы болар еді. Бұл екі шежіре бір-біріне қайшы емес. Эндрю Уорхэм патша отбасының осы екі тармағы Эльфгифуны тудырған некеде біріккен болуы мүмкін деп ұсынады. Өсиетте Эльфгифудың "анасының жаны" ерекше аталып өткендіктен, Этельгифу Этельгиттің ұрпағы болған, ал әкесі Этельредтен шыққан болуы мүмкін. Ешбір гипотеза толыққанды емес. Бұл ұсыныстардың ортақ кемшілігі - олар мұрагер Эльфгифу бұрынғы патша жұбайымен бір адам екен деген болжамға сүйенеді. Алайда, төменде талданған себептерге байланысты, көптеген тарихшылар осы сәйкестікті қабылдайды, бірақ көбінесе күдікпен қарайды.
Two facts about Ælfgifu's family background are unambiguously stated by the sources. First, her mother bore the name of Æthelgifu, a woman of very high birth (natione præcelsa). Second, she was related to her husband Eadwig, since in 958 their marriage was dissolved by Archbishop Oda on grounds that they were too closely related by blood, that is, within the forbidden degrees of consanguinity. Ælfgifu has been also identified with the namesake who left a will sometime between 966 and 975, which might shed further light on her origins. These dangling clues, unsatisfying as they are in themselves, have been used to construct two possible—and possibly compatible—genealogies for Ælfgifu, both of which ascribe to her a degree of royal rank. One theory espoused by Cyril Hart and considered by Pauline Stafford makes her a noblewoman of Mercian stock, who descended from Ealdorman Æthelfrith of Mercia and his wife Æthelgyth, who may have been a daughter of ealdorman Æthelwulf and a niece of King Alfred's Mercian consort Ealhswith. This reconstruction is based on the probability that Risborough (Buckinghamshire), one of Ælfgifu's holdings mentioned in the will, was previously held by Æthelgyth. The possible implication is that Ælfgifu inherited the estate and many others in Buckinghamshire. Given that she asked Bishop Æthelwold, one of her beneficiaries, to intercede for her "mother's soul", she may have done so through the maternal line. If the suggestion is correct, she would have been closely related to the politically prominent family of ealdorman Æthelstan Half King and his offspring. Her supposed will also provides the starting point for another, more widely regarded hypothesis. In this document, she makes bequests to Ælfweard and Æthelweard, seemingly her brothers (one of whom was married to Æthelflæd), and to her sister Ælfwaru. Æthelweard and Ælfweard re appear as brothers and thegns (ministri) in the witness list of a spurious royal charter dated 974. This appears to be the same Æthelweard who regularly attests royal charters between 958 and 977 as the king's thegn and may have moved on to become the illustrious ealdorman of the Western Provinces and author of a Latin chronicle, in which he claimed descent from King Æthelred of Wessex (d. 871), fourth son of King Æthelwulf. The conclusion which can be derived from these prosopographical byways is that if the ealdorman and chronicler Æthelweard was her brother, she must have shared with him a common ancestor in King Æthelred. In this light, Ælfgifu would have been Eadwig's third cousin once removed. The two genealogies are not mutually exclusive. Andrew Wareham suggests that these two different branches of the royal family may have come together in the marriage which produced Ælfgifu. In view of the will's special mention of Ælfgifu's "mother's soul", this could mean that Æthelgifu was a descendant of Æthelgyth, while the anonymous father traced his descent to Æthelred. Neither hypothesis is conclusive. A weakness shared by these suggestions is that they hinge on the assumption that the testatrix Ælfgifu is the same as the erstwhile royal consort. However, for reasons explored below, the identification is favoured by most historians, though usually with reservations.
Неке
Белгісіз бір күні, таққа отырған кезінде жас король Эдвиг Эльфгифуға үйленді. Бұл одақ 10 ғасырдағы Англиядағы ең даулы патшалық некелердің бірі болды. Эдвигтің ағасы Эдгар мұрагер болуы мүмкін еді, бірақ осы некеден туған заңды ұл Эдгардың патшалық билікке ие болу мүмкіндігін айтарлықтай төмендетіп, әсіресе егер ата-анасының екеуі де патшалық дәрежеде болса. Эдгарды Этельстанның әйелі Этельвайн мен оның ұлы Этельвина асырап алды. Эдгарды Этельстанның әйелі Этельвайн (957 жылдан кейін қайтыс болды) және оның ұлдары қолдады. Егер Харттың Эльфгифуның Мерсиялық патшалық әулетінен шыққандығы және соңғы отбасымен байланысты екендігі туралы ұсынысы дұрыс болса, онда бұл неке Эдвигке Мерсияны Батыс Саксонияның бақылауына алуда саяси артықшылық береді деп үміттенуге болады. Эльфгифудың анасы Этельгифу оның патшаның қасында беделге жетуінде шешуші рөл атқарған көрінеді, бұл туралы олардың көздердегі бірлескен көріністері көрсетеді. Олар бірге епископ Бритхелм мен Этельвольд, содан кейін Абингдонның абысы арасындағы жер алмасу туралы жарғыға куә болады және олардың есімдері 11 ғасырдың басындағы Либер Витае жаңа минстерінің, Винчестердегі жапырағында «талантты» қайырымдылық жасаушылар арасында кездеседі. Өзінің өсиетінде (жоғарыда қараңыз) Эльфгифу өзінің және анасының мүддесін қорғауға ие болған епископ Этельвольдтан өтініш жасайды. Бұл екі әйелдің Эдвигтің жыныстық серіктестері ретінде бейнеленген болуы мүмкін. Дунстанның өміріне сәйкес, Кингстон (Суррей) қаласында таққа отырғызу салтанатынан кейінгі қонақасы кезінде Эдвиг үстелден шығып, екі әйелмен, әдепсіз асыл әйелмен (quaedam, licet natione præcelsa, inepta tamen mulier), кейіннен Этельгифу деп танылған және оның жеті жастағы қызымен (adulta filia) азғындық жасауға бөлмесіне кетті. Олар «өздерін немесе қыздарын заңды некеге қосу үшін» оған қосылды. Эдвигтің әдепсіз түрде кетіп қалғанына таңғалған ақсүйектер Дунстан мен епископ Цинзигеді жіберді, олар патшаны тойға күшпен сүйретіп әкетті. Осы әрекеті үшін Дунстан патшаның қаһарына ұшырап, Этельгифудың үгіт-насихаттарымен елден айдалып кетті. Қазіргі заманның Езабелі деп аталатын ол Эдвигтің ашуын пайдаланып, Дунстанның қуғын-сүргінін және оның мүлкін тонауды бұйырған болар еді. Эдвигтің жыныстық қатынастары туралы естелік ғасырдың басында ластанған және шатастырған, бұл Byrhferth's Life of St. Oswald, ол Эдвигтің екі әйелі туралы айту үшін әлдеқайда керемет әңгімеге ие. Онда патшаның үйленгені, бірақ әйелінен төмен дәрежелі әйелмен қашып кеткені айтылған. Архиепископ Ода патшаның жаңа сүйіктісін өз үйінен ұстап алып, елден қуды және патшаның мінез-құлқын түзетуге қол жеткізді. Бұл оқиғалар 40 жыл өткен соң жазылған, бірақ олардың негізі кейінірек Эдвиг пен оның некелік қарым-қатынасына жала жабу үшін жасалған жала жабу науқанында жатыр. Екі өмірде де басты кейіпкерлердің көзқарасы бойынша жеке мәселелерге назар аударылса да, фракциялық бәсекелестік әсері аяқ астынан көрінеді. 958 жылы Кантерберийлік архиепископ Ода, Дунстанның жақтасы, Эдвиг пен Эльфгифудың некелерін қандастық қатынасы негізінде бұзғаны белгілі. 957 жылы жазда Эдгар Мерсияның патшасы болып сайланды. Автор "Б" мұны Солтүстіктің Эдвигке қарсы көтерілісінің нәтижесі ретінде көрсетеді, ол Темзаның солтүстігіндегі (Мерсия мен Нортумбрия) билігін жоғалтып, Эдгар Англияның сол бөлігінің патшасы болды. Бұл өте асыра айтылған, өйткені Эдвиг өзінің жарғыларында «ағылшын патшасы» атағын сақтап қалды, ал Этельвард «толық» билік етуді көздеді. 956 жылғы алитеративтік жарғыда Эдгарды regulus деп сипаттау тіпті Эдгар көп жасқа толғаннан кейін Мерсияда ағасының вице-королі болатыны туралы алдын ала келісім болғандығын білдіруі мүмкін. Эдвигтің саяси ұстанымының әлсіздігі епископ Этельвольдтың «балалық шақтағы білімсіздік арқылы патшалығын таратып, оның бірлігін бөліп тастады» деген шағымдарымен расталады. Дунстан мен Архиепископ Ода некеге қарсы болған сияқты, бірақ Эльфгифуға шіркеу магнаттарының барлық жауыздықтарына төзуге тура келді. Бенедиктин дінін реформациялаған тағы бір адам - Этельвольд, Абингдон абысы, кейін Винчестер епискобы күйеуінің билігін сынға алмаса да, оны қолдаған көрінеді. Эльфгифу куә болған бірнеше жарғылардың бірі - Абингдонның жоғарыда аталған меморандумы, ол Этельвольд пен Бритхелм арасындағы жер алмасуды растайды. Жазуда ол патшаның әйелі ретінде танылады (þæs cininges wif).
At an unknown date around the time of his accession, the young King Eadwig married Ælfgifu. The union was or was to become one of the most controversial royal marriages in 10th century England. Eadwig's brother Edgar was the heir presumptive, but a legitimate son born out of this marriage would have seriously diminished Edgar's chances of succeeding to the kingship, especially if both parents were of royal rank. Fostered by Ælfwynn, wife of Æthelstan Half King together with her son Æthelwine, Edgar enjoyed the support of Æthelstan Half King (d. after 957) and his sons, whose power base was concentrated in Mercia and East Anglia and who would not have liked to lose power and influence to Ælfgifu's kinsmen and associates. If Hart's suggestion that Ælfgifu was of royal Mercian descent and related to the latter family is correct, it might have been hoped that the marriage would give Eadwig some political advantage in exercising West Saxon control over Mercia. Ælfgifu's mother, Æthelgifu, seems to have played a decisive role in her rise to prominence by the king's side, as indicated by their joint appearances in the sources. Together they witness a charter which records an exchange of land between Bishop Brihthelm and Æthelwold, then abbot of Abingdon. and both their names occur among “illustrious” benefactors on a leaf of the early 11th century Liber Vitae of the New Minster, Winchester. In her presumed will (see above), Ælfgifu asks Bishop Æthelwold, one of her beneficiaries, to intercede for her and her mother. It is probable that they are the two women who are portrayed as Eadwig's sexual partners in the Life of St Dunstan by author 'B' and that of St. Oswald by Byrhtferth of Ramsey, both dating from around 1000. Dunstan's Life alleges that on the banquet following the solemnity of his coronation at Kingston (Surrey), Eadwig left the table and retreated to his chamber to debauch himself with two women, an indecent noblewoman (quaedam, licet natione præcelsa, inepta tamen mulier), later identified as Æthelgifu, and her daughter of ripe age (adulta filia). They are said to have attached themselves to him "obviously in order to join and ally herself or else her daughter to him in lawful marriage.". Shocked by Eadwig's unseemly withdrawal, the nobles sent Dunstan and Bishop Cynesige, who forcefully dragged the king back to the feast. For this act, Dunstan had incurred the enmity of the king, who sent him into exile at Æthelgifu's instigation. Called a modern Jezebel, she would have exploited Eadwig's anger by ordering Dunstan's persecution and the spoliation of his property. That the memory of Eadwig's sexual affairs had become tainted and confused around the turn of the century is suggested by Byrhferth's Life of St. Oswald, which has a more fantastic tale to tell about Eadwig's two women. It recounts that the king was married, but ran off with a lady who was below his wife's rank. Archbishop Oda personally seized the king's new mistress at her home, forced her out of the country and managed to correct the king's behaviour. These stories, written down some 40 odd years later, seem to be rooted in later smear campaigns which were meant to bring disrepute on Eadwig and his marital relations. Although both Lives focus on the personal dimension of the affairs from the perspective of their protagonists, the effects of factional rivalries loom in the background. It is known that in 958 Archbishop Oda of Canterbury, a supporter of Dunstan, annulled the marriage of Eadwig and Ælfgifu on the basis of their consanguinity. In the summer of 957, Edgar was elected king of Mercia. Author 'B' presents this as the outcome of a northern revolt against Eadwig, whereby he lost control north of the Thames (Mercia and Northumbria) and Edgar was set up as king over that part of England. This is a gross exaggeration, since Eadwig retained the title "king of the English" in his charters and Æthelweard envisaged a "continuous" reign. Edgar's description as regulus in an alliterative charter of 956 may even signify that there was a prior agreement that Edgar would become his brother's subking in Mercia as soon as he reached majority. The weakness of Eadwig's political position is nevertheless confirmed by Bishop Æthelwold's retrospective note of complaint that Eadwig "had through the ignorance of childhood dispersed his kingdom and divided its unity". While it appears then that Dunstan and Archbishop Oda opposed the marriage, it was not all hostility that Ælfgifu had to endure from ecclesiastical magnates. Another Benedictine reformer, Æthelwold, abbot of Abingdon and later bishop of Winchester, seems to have preferred to support her, even if he was not uncritical of her husband's reign. One of the few charters to have been witnessed by Ælfgifu is the aforementioned memorandum from Abingdon, which confirms an exchange of land between Æthelwold and Brihthelm. In the subscription, she is recognised as the king's wife (þæs cininges wif).
Жесірлік
Оның некедегі өмірінің жағдайынан кем емес, Эльфгифуның некеден кейін және әсіресе 959 жылдың күзінен бастап, Эдвиг қайтыс болғаннан кейін (1 қазан 959) барлық Англияның патшасы ретінде ағасы Эдгардың орнын басып, алға басуы мүмкін. Бұл жердегі жазбалар көмектеспейді. Біртферт Эдвигтің сүйіктісін Ода (958 ж. қайтыс болған) жер аударғанын жазады, бірақ архиепископтың араласуы туралы оның айтқандары күмәнді және Хрониканың тарихи мәліметтеріне тек сырттай ғана ұқсайды. Осберн 11 ғасырдың соңында жазған оқиғаға да сену қиын. Эдгардың Мерциядағы билігін Эдвигке қарсы жасалған төңкеріс нәтижесі ретінде бейнелеген Б-нің тұжырымын қабылдап, ол Эдвигтің сүйіктісінің (адамшы) Мерциялықтардың шабуылында жараланып, көп ұзамай қайтыс болғанын айту арқылы оқиғаны күшейтеді. Эльфгифу жасырын өмір сүргені ме, әлде Бертферт айтқандай, шын мәнінде жер аударылғандығы ма, белгісіз. Дегенмен, 960 жылдардың ортасына қарай ол тыныштық пен өркендеуге қол жеткізіп, король Эдгармен және патшалық үймен жақсы қарым-қатынас құрғанына дәлелдер бар. Бұл сурет оның Оңтүстік-Шығыс Англиядағы бай жер иесі және король Эдгардың туысы болған Эльфгифумен сәйкестендірілуіне негізделген. Ол Эдгардың қамқорлығымен 966 жылғы екі патша жарғысында кездеседі, онда ол оны «әлемдік туыстық байланысымен маған байланысты асыл әйел» деп атайды. Эдгар қайтыс болғанға дейін (975 ж.), ол Букингемшир, Оксфордшир және Гертфордширдегі кең аумақтарды, ақшалай қаражатты және түрлі құнды заттарды (1) шіркеу үйлеріне (Ескі және Жаңа Минстер, Абингдон Аббаттығы, Ромси Аббаттығы және Бат Аббаттығы), (2) епископ Этельвольдқа (жеке), (3) патша отбасының мүшелеріне (Эдгар, королева Эльфтрит және Эдуард Шейіт) және (4) оның жақын туыстарына (екі ағасы, әпкесі және ағасының әйелі) қалдырды. Ең маңызды мұралар - король Эдгар мен Ескі Минстерге берілген, ол Принс Рисбородағы 30 терікке тең үлкен иелікті алды. Балалары туралы ештеңе айтылмаған. Эдгарға жасаған сыйлық немесе төлем оның қазасы деп түсіндіріледі, ол әрқайсысы 120 манкустан тұратын екі білезік, сусын тостағаны, 6 жылқы, 6 қалқан және 6 найзадан тұрады (демек, оның «өлген соңғы сыйы»). Бұл туралы нақты дәлел жоқ, бірақ екі Эльфгифудың бір адам екендігі олардың патша отбасымен, епископ Этельвольдпен, Винчестердегі Жаңа Минстермен және олардың анасымен тығыз байланыста болғандығынан күдік тудырады. Алайда, оның жалдамалы мүлкінің қайсысы оның құдайына кіргенін және қайсысы мұрагерлік немесе басқа жолмен алынғанын анықтау мүмкін емес. Бұрын айтқандай, Принс Рисбороның аналық желі арқылы берілгені туралы пікір бар. Егер басқа иеліктері де оның болса, оның орнын қалпына келтіру үлкен құнға түсіп, Темзаның солтүстігіндегі жерлермен патша отбасын байытуы мүмкін. Өсиетінде Эльфгифу өзінің «Құдайдың шіркеуіне» берген сыйлықтарын өзінің де, Эдгардың да жанының құтқарылуымен байланыстырады, бұл оның Бенедиктин реформасына ортақ қызығушылық танытқанын көрсетеді, оның Эдгар жомарт демеушісі және епископ Этельвольд көрнекті жетекшісі болды. Ол сондай-ақ оның сыйлықтарын дұрыс пайдалануына үміттенген болар. Либелла Этельвольдиде айтылғандай, бұл Марсворттың жағдайында орындалған сияқты, ол 970 жылы епископ Этельвольд қайта құрған Элий аббаттығына сыйға тартты. Эльфгифу өсиетінің қызықты аспектісі - оның туыстары мен серіктестерін патша отбасымен және жетекші шіркеу мекемелерімен пайдалы қарым-қатынаста тығыз байланыстыруға немесе қауымдастықты қайта растауға арналған болуы мүмкін. Бұл оның Эдгарға арнаған арнайы өтінішімен тікелей көрінеді: «Мен патша иемді Құдайдың сүйіспеншілігі үшін, оның қорғанысын іздейтін және оған лайық болған адамдарымды тастап кетпеуін сұраймын». Ол сонымен қатар Эдвардтың Ньюхэм Муррендағы жаңа иелігінің жанында орналасқан Монгевелл мен Беркхампстедтің тікелей Ескі Минстер қауымына өтпеуіне көз жеткізді, бірақ оны алдымен аға-інілері жыл сайын екі минстерге азық-түлік жалдауы (феорм) төлеген жағдайда жалға алды. Эдвигті Альфред пен Эдвард сияқты Жаңа монастырьге жерлеген болса, Эльфгифу оның денесін жақын маңдағы Ескі монастырьге жерлеуді көздеді. Винчестерде Эльфгифу өзінің жомарттығы үшін есінде сақталған, оның анасы да солай болған: Эльфгифу coniunx Eadwigi regis және Этельгифу, оның анасы болуы мүмкін, 1031 жылғы Жаңа Minster Liber Vitae-нің бетіне қоғамның әйгілі игіліктері арасында пайда болған.
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
БЕЙІНДЕМЕ ЖАЛПЫРЫЛЫҒЫ
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Ғибадат үйлері: Олд Минстер, Принс Рисбородағы Винчестер иелігі (Бакс. ), құлдыздан босатылған құлдар + 200 манкус алтын, қасиеттермен оның киелі орны + Монгевелл (Окс.) және Беркхампстед (Гертс.) иеліктері, төменде қараңыз. Жаңа Минстер, Винчестер Бледлоу (Бакс.) иелігі + 100 манкус алтын Нүннаминстер (Сент Мэри Аббаттығы), Винчестер табақ (құрбандық дискісі) Ромси (Хэнтс.) Христиан және Сент Мэри монастыры, Эдгардың 967 ж. қайта құрған. Уэддон (Бакс.) иелігі Абингдон Аббаттығы Чешем (Бакс.) Бат Аббаттығы Уикхэм (Вичам), мүмкін Беркширде немесе оңтүстікке қарай, Хэмпширде, бірақ осы атаудың көптігі анықтауды қиындатады.
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Патша отбасы
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Король Эдгар Уинг (Бакс.), Линслейд (Бакс., қараңыз: S 737), Хавершем (Бакс.), Хэтфилд (Гертс.?), Масворт немесе Марсворт (Бакс.) және Гуссадж (All Saints, Дорсет) иеліктері + 2 білезік (әрқайсысы 120 манкустан), сусын тостағаны, 6 жылқы, 6 қалқан және найзалар (демек, оның «өлген соңғы сыйы»). Этелинг, мүмкін Эдуард Ньюхэм Муррен (Окс.) иелігі, бұрын король Эдгар берген (S 738) + 30 манкустан тұратын білезік Королева (Эльфтрит) 120 манкустан тұратын мойынсымы, 30 манкустан тұратын білезік және сусын тостағаны
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Отбасы
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Эльфвеард, Этельвеард және Эльфвару Монгевелл (Окс.) және Беркхампстед (Гертс.) иеліктері, өмір бойына, Ескі және Жаңа Минстерге жыл сайын азық-түлік жалдауымен; олардың өмірінен кейін Ескі Минстерге қайтарылады. Эльфвару «оған бергеннің бәрі» Эльфвеард сусын тостағаны Этельвеард әшекейленген сусын мүйізі Этельфлэд, оның ағасының әйелі бас киімі
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Епископтар мен аббаттар
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.
Епископ Этельвольд Тэаферсцеат (анықталмаған) иелігі, одан оның және оның анасы үшін шарапаты тілеуімен. Әр аббат олардың монастырын жөндеу үшін жұмсау үшін 5 фунт пенс. Епископ Этельвольд және Этельгар, Жаңа Минстердің аббаты. қалған ақша оларға (1) Ескі Минстерді күтіп ұстау және (2) садақа беру үшін тапсырылды.
No less important than the circumstances of her married life is the way Ælfgifu may have pushed on since the break up of her marriage and more especially since the autumn of 959, when Eadwig died (1 October 959) and was succeeded by his brother Edgar as king of all England. The vitae are unhelpful at this point. Byrhtferth writes that Eadwig's mistress was exiled by Oda (d. 958), but his account of the archbishop's intervention is dubious and only faintly echoes the historical information of the Chronicle. Less credible still is the tale recorded by Osbern in the late 11th century. Adopting B's depiction of Edgar's Mercian reign as the outcome of a very coup against Eadwig, he amplifies the story by suggesting that Eadwig's mistress (adultera) was hamstrung in an ambush by Mercian resurgents and died not long thereafter. Whether Ælfgifu kept a low profile or truly lived in exile, as Byrhtferth appears to claim, there is evidence to suggest that by the mid 960s, she had come to enjoy some peace, prosperity and a good understanding with King Edgar and the royal house. This picture is based on her identification with the Ælfgifu who was a wealthy landowner in Southeast England and a relative of King Edgar. She appears under Edgar's patronage in two royal charters of AD 966, in which he calls her "a certain noble matron (matrona) who is connected to me by the relationship of worldly blood". Sometime before Edgar's death (975), she left a will in which she bequeathed extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire, considerable sums of money and various objects of value to (1) ecclesiastical houses (Old and New Minster, Abingdon Abbey, Romsey Abbey and Bath Abbey), (2) Bishop Æthelwold (in person), (3) members of the royal family (Edgar, Queen Ælfthryth and Edward the Martyr), and (4) her closest relatives (her two brothers, her sister and her brother's wife). The most substantial bequests are those to King Edgar and the Old Minster, which received the vast estate at Princes Risborough amounting to 30 hides. No children are mentioned. Exceptionally high status is suggested by a gift or payment to Edgar which has been interpreted as her heriot, consisting of two armlets of 120 mancuses each, a drinking cup, 6 horses, 6 shields and 6 spears. There is no conclusive proof, but that the two Ælfgifus are identical is strongly suggested by their intimate association with the royal family, Bishop Æthelwold, the New Minster at Winchester and with their own mother. but it is impossible to determine which of the other estates were part of her dower property and which were inherited or acquired otherwise. As noted earlier, a case has been made for Princes Risborough as having been passed on through the maternal line. If the other holdings were likewise her own, the rehabilitation of her position may have come at a great price, one which considerably enriched the royal family with land north of the Thames. In her will, Ælfgifu associates her endowments of "God's church" with the salvation of both her and Edgar's soul, which suggests that she expressed a shared interest in the Benedictine reform, of which Edgar was a generous sponsor and Bishop Æthelwold a prominent conductor. In turn, she may have hoped that he would put her grants to good and pious use. According to the Libellus Æthelwoldi, such seems to have come true in the case of Marsworth, which he donated to Ely Abbey, refounded by Bishop Æthelwold in 970. An intriguing aspect of Ælfgifu's will is the way in which it may have been used to tie her kin group and associates more closely in a beneficial relationship with the royal family and the leading ecclesiastical establishments, or else to reaffirm the association. This is seen at its most straightforward when she addresses Edgar with a special request: "I beseech my royal lord for the love of God, that he will not desert my men who seek his protection and are worthy of him." She also made sure that Mongewell, near Edward's new estate at Newnham Murren, and Berkhampstead did not pass directly to the community of the Old Minster, but was first leased by her siblings on the condition that they rendered a food rent (feorm) to the two minsters every year. While Eadwig, like Alfred and Edward, was buried in the New Minster, Ælfgifu intended her body to be buried in the nearby Old Minster. At Winchester, Ælfgifu was dearly remembered for her generosity and conceivably so was her mother: Ælfgyfu coniunx Eadwigi regis and Æþelgyfu, who may be her mother, appear on a page of the New Minster Liber Vitae of 1031 among the illustrious benefactresses of the community. BENEFICIARY BEQUEST Ecclesiastical houses: Old Minster, Winchester estate at Princes Risborough (Bucks. ), except manumitted slaves + 200 mancuses of gold, her shrine with relics + Estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts. ), see below. New Minster, Winchester estate at Bledlow (Bucks.) + 100 mancuses of gold Nunnaminster (St Mary's Abbey), Winchester a paten (offring disc) Nunnery of Christ and St Mary at Romsey (Hants. ), refounded by Edgar in 967. estate at Whaddon (Bucks.) Abingdon Abbey Chesham (Bucks.) Bath Abbey Wickham (Wicham), possibly in Berkshire or further south, Hampshire, but the place name is too common for identification. Royal family King Edgar estates at Wing (Bucks. ), Linslade (Bucks., cf: S 737), Haversham (Bucks. ), Hatfield (Herts.? ), Masworth or Marsworth (Bucks.) and Gussage (All Saints, Dorset) + 2 armlets (of 120 mancuses each), a drinking cup (sopcuppan), 6 horses, 6 shields and spears (presumably her heriot "death duty"). the ætheling, probably Edward estate at Newnham Murren (Oxon. ), previously granted by King Edgar (S 738) + armlet of 30 mancuses Queen (Ælfthryth) a necklace of 120 mancuses, armlet of 30 mancuses, and a drinking cup Family Ælfweard, Æthelweard and Ælfwaru estates at Mongewell (Oxon.) and Berkhampstead (Herts.) for their lifetime, with annual food rent of two days for the Old and New Minster; with reversion to the Old Minster after their life time. Ælfwaru "all that I have lent her" Ælfweard drinking cup Æthelweard ornamented drinking horn Æthelflæd, her brother's wife headband Bishops and abbots Bishop Æthelwold estate at Tæafersceat (unidentified), with a request to intercede for her and her mother. Each abbot 5 pounds of pence to spend on repairing their minster Bishop Æthelwold and Æthelgar, abbot of the New Minster. remaining money entrusted to them for (1) maintenance of the Old Minster and (2) alms giving.