Кіріспе
Грек философы (ғ.з.б. 100 ж.) Родостың Гекато немесе Гекатон (Ἑκάτων; ғ.з.б. 100 ж.) – грек стоигі. Ол Родос аралының тумасы, Панаетийдің шәкірті болған, бірақ оның өмірі туралы басқа ештеңе белгісіз. Ол сол кездегі стоиктердің арасында көрнекті тұлға болған. Ол көптеген еңбектер жазған, бірақ олардың ешқайсысы бізге жеткен жоқ. Диоген Лаертский Гекатоның алты трактатын атап көрсетеді: Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – Жақсылықтар туралы, кем дегенде он тоғыз кітаптан тұрады. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – Мінез-құлықтар туралы. Περὶ παθῶν – Құмарлықтар туралы. Περὶ τελῶν – Мақсаттар туралы. Περὶ παραδόξων – Парадокстар туралы, кем дегенде он үш кітаптан тұрады. Χρεῖαι – Нақыл сөздер. Цицерон Гекатоның Квинт Тубероға арналған «Міндеттер туралы» (De Officiis) еңбегін жазғанын айтады. Гекато Сенеканың «Жақсылықтар туралы» (De Beneficiis) трактатында жиі еске алынады. Сенека сондай-ақ Гекатонды «Луцилийге арналған моральдық хаттарда» (Epistulae morales ad Lucilium) келтіреді;
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. Diogenes Laërtius mentions six treatises written by Hecato:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – On Goods, in at least nineteen books. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – On Virtues. Περὶ παθῶν – On Passions. Περὶ τελῶν – On Ends. Περὶ παραδόξων – On Paradoxes, in at least thirteen books. Χρεῖαι – Maxims. In addition Cicero writes that Hecato wrote a work on On Duties, (De Officiis) dedicated to Quintus Tubero. Hecato is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in his treatise De Beneficiis. Seneca also quotes Hecato in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium;
According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles (i. e. wisdom and justice), and those with no such basis (e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigor). Like the earlier Stoics, Cleanthes and Chrysippus, Hecato also held that virtue may be taught. Cicero shows that he was much interested in casuistical questions, as, for example, whether a good man who received a coin he knew to be bad was justified in passing it on to another. On the whole, he is inclined to regard self interest as the best criterion. This he modifies by explaining that self interest is based on the relationships of life; a man needs money for the sake of his children, his friends and the state whose general prosperity depends on the wealth of its citizens:
It is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state.
Диогеннің сөзіне сүйенсек, Гекато мінез-құлықтарды екі түрге бөлген: ғылыми-ақылдық принциптерге негізделгендер (яғни даналық және әділдік) және мұндай негізі жоқтар (мысалы, қанағаттылық және одан туындайтын денсаулық пен күш-қуат). Бұрынғы стоиктер Клеантес және Хрисипп сияқты Гекато да мінез-құлықты үйренуге болады деп есептеген. Цицерон оның казуистикалық сұрақтарға қызығушылық танытқанын көрсетеді, мысалы, жақсы адам жаман екенін білген монетаны басқа біреуге беруіне бола ма. Жалпы алғанда, ол жеке мүддені ең жақсы өлшем деп санайды. Ол мұны жеке мүдде өмірлік қарым-қатынастарға негізделгенін түсіндіре отырып, түзету жасайды: адам балалары, достары және мемлекет үшін ақшаға мұқтаж, ал мемлекеттің жалпы өркендеуі азаматтарының байлығына байланысты:
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. Diogenes Laërtius mentions six treatises written by Hecato:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – On Goods, in at least nineteen books. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – On Virtues. Περὶ παθῶν – On Passions. Περὶ τελῶν – On Ends. Περὶ παραδόξων – On Paradoxes, in at least thirteen books. Χρεῖαι – Maxims. In addition Cicero writes that Hecato wrote a work on On Duties, (De Officiis) dedicated to Quintus Tubero. Hecato is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in his treatise De Beneficiis. Seneca also quotes Hecato in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium;
According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles (i. e. wisdom and justice), and those with no such basis (e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigor). Like the earlier Stoics, Cleanthes and Chrysippus, Hecato also held that virtue may be taught. Cicero shows that he was much interested in casuistical questions, as, for example, whether a good man who received a coin he knew to be bad was justified in passing it on to another. On the whole, he is inclined to regard self interest as the best criterion. This he modifies by explaining that self interest is based on the relationships of life; a man needs money for the sake of his children, his friends and the state whose general prosperity depends on the wealth of its citizens:
It is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state.
Дана адамның жеке мүддесін қамқорлау – оның міндеті, бірақ бұл азаматтық әдет-ғұрыптарға, заңдарға және институттарға қайшы болмауы керек. Бірақ бұл біздің өркендеуге ұмтылуымызға байланысты, өйткені біз тек өзіміз үшін ғана емес, сонымен қатар балаларымыз, туыстарымыз, достарымыз және, ең бастысы, еліміз үшін бай болуға ұмтыламыз. Жеке тұлғалардың жеке байлығы – мемлекеттің байлығы.
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. Diogenes Laërtius mentions six treatises written by Hecato:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – On Goods, in at least nineteen books. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – On Virtues. Περὶ παθῶν – On Passions. Περὶ τελῶν – On Ends. Περὶ παραδόξων – On Paradoxes, in at least thirteen books. Χρεῖαι – Maxims. In addition Cicero writes that Hecato wrote a work on On Duties, (De Officiis) dedicated to Quintus Tubero. Hecato is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in his treatise De Beneficiis. Seneca also quotes Hecato in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium;
According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles (i. e. wisdom and justice), and those with no such basis (e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigor). Like the earlier Stoics, Cleanthes and Chrysippus, Hecato also held that virtue may be taught. Cicero shows that he was much interested in casuistical questions, as, for example, whether a good man who received a coin he knew to be bad was justified in passing it on to another. On the whole, he is inclined to regard self interest as the best criterion. This he modifies by explaining that self interest is based on the relationships of life; a man needs money for the sake of his children, his friends and the state whose general prosperity depends on the wealth of its citizens:
It is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state.