Введение
Греческий философ-стоик (fl. ок. 100 г. до н. э.)
Гекатон или Гекатон Родосский (Ἑκάτων; fl. ок. 100 г. до н. э.) — греческий философ-стоик. Он был родом из Родоса и учеником Панатия, но больше ничего не известно о его жизни. Очевидно, что он был видным деятелем среди стоиков того времени. Он был плодовитым писателем, но до наших дней ничего не дошло. Диоген Лаэртский упоминает шесть трактатов, написанных Гекатоном:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – О благах, по крайней мере, в девятнадцати книгах. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – О добродетелях. Περὶ παθῶν – О страстях. Περὶ τελῶν – О целях. Περὶ παραδόξων – О парадоксах, по крайней мере, в тринадцати книгах. Χρεῖαι – Изречения. Кроме того, Цицерон пишет, что Гекатон написал труд "О долгах" (De Officiis), посвященный Квинту Туберу. Гекатон также часто упоминается Сенекой в его трактате De Beneficiis. Сенека также цитирует Гекатона в своих "Нравственных письмах к Луцилию";
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. Diogenes Laërtius mentions six treatises written by Hecato:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – On Goods, in at least nineteen books. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – On Virtues. Περὶ παθῶν – On Passions. Περὶ τελῶν – On Ends. Περὶ παραδόξων – On Paradoxes, in at least thirteen books. Χρεῖαι – Maxims. In addition Cicero writes that Hecato wrote a work on On Duties, (De Officiis) dedicated to Quintus Tubero. Hecato is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in his treatise De Beneficiis. Seneca also quotes Hecato in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium;
According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles (i. e. wisdom and justice), and those with no such basis (e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigor). Like the earlier Stoics, Cleanthes and Chrysippus, Hecato also held that virtue may be taught. Cicero shows that he was much interested in casuistical questions, as, for example, whether a good man who received a coin he knew to be bad was justified in passing it on to another. On the whole, he is inclined to regard self interest as the best criterion. This he modifies by explaining that self interest is based on the relationships of life; a man needs money for the sake of his children, his friends and the state whose general prosperity depends on the wealth of its citizens:
It is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state.
Согласно Диогену, Гекатон разделил добродетели на два рода: основанные на научных интеллектуальных принципах (то есть мудрость и справедливость) и не имеющие такой основы (например, умеренность и вытекающее из нее здоровье и сила). Как и более ранние стоики, Клеанф и Хрисипп, Гекатон также считал, что добродетель можно преподавать. Цицерон показывает, что он живо интересовался казуистическими вопросами, например, оправдан ли был добродетельный человек, получивший монету, которую он знал фальшивой, если он передавал ее другому. В целом, он склонен рассматривать личный интерес как наилучший критерий. Он смягчает это, объясняя, что личный интерес основан на жизненных связях: человеку нужны деньги ради детей, друзей и государства, чье общее процветание зависит от богатства его граждан:
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. Diogenes Laërtius mentions six treatises written by Hecato:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – On Goods, in at least nineteen books. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – On Virtues. Περὶ παθῶν – On Passions. Περὶ τελῶν – On Ends. Περὶ παραδόξων – On Paradoxes, in at least thirteen books. Χρεῖαι – Maxims. In addition Cicero writes that Hecato wrote a work on On Duties, (De Officiis) dedicated to Quintus Tubero. Hecato is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in his treatise De Beneficiis. Seneca also quotes Hecato in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium;
According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles (i. e. wisdom and justice), and those with no such basis (e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigor). Like the earlier Stoics, Cleanthes and Chrysippus, Hecato also held that virtue may be taught. Cicero shows that he was much interested in casuistical questions, as, for example, whether a good man who received a coin he knew to be bad was justified in passing it on to another. On the whole, he is inclined to regard self interest as the best criterion. This he modifies by explaining that self interest is based on the relationships of life; a man needs money for the sake of his children, his friends and the state whose general prosperity depends on the wealth of its citizens:
It is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state.
Мудрому человеку следует заботиться о своих личных интересах, при этом не делая ничего, противоречащего гражданским обычаям, законам и установлениям. Но это зависит от нашей цели в стремлении к процветанию; ведь мы стремимся быть богатыми не только для себя, но и для наших детей, родственников, друзей и, прежде всего, для нашей страны. Ибо частное благосостояние отдельных людей – это богатство государства.
Hecato or Hecaton of Rhodes (Ἑκάτων; fl. c. 100 BC) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Rhodes, and a disciple of Panaetius, but nothing else is known of his life. It is clear that he was eminent amongst the Stoics of the period. He was a voluminous writer, but nothing remains. Diogenes Laërtius mentions six treatises written by Hecato:
Περὶ ἀγαθῶν – On Goods, in at least nineteen books. Περὶ ἀρετῶν – On Virtues. Περὶ παθῶν – On Passions. Περὶ τελῶν – On Ends. Περὶ παραδόξων – On Paradoxes, in at least thirteen books. Χρεῖαι – Maxims. In addition Cicero writes that Hecato wrote a work on On Duties, (De Officiis) dedicated to Quintus Tubero. Hecato is also frequently mentioned by Seneca in his treatise De Beneficiis. Seneca also quotes Hecato in his Epistulae morales ad Lucilium;
According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles (i. e. wisdom and justice), and those with no such basis (e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigor). Like the earlier Stoics, Cleanthes and Chrysippus, Hecato also held that virtue may be taught. Cicero shows that he was much interested in casuistical questions, as, for example, whether a good man who received a coin he knew to be bad was justified in passing it on to another. On the whole, he is inclined to regard self interest as the best criterion. This he modifies by explaining that self interest is based on the relationships of life; a man needs money for the sake of his children, his friends and the state whose general prosperity depends on the wealth of its citizens:
It is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state.