Дауысты дыбыстардағы "р" әсері

Phonetic sound in some languages

An r colored or rhotic vowel (also called a retroflex vowel, vocalic r, or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in a way that results in a lowering in frequency of the third formant. R colored vowels can be articulated in various ways: the tip or blade of the tongue may be turned up during at least part of the articulation of the vowel (a retroflex articulation) or the back of the tongue may be bunched. In addition, the vocal tract may often be constricted in the region of the epiglottis. some Jutlandic dialects of Danish, and in a few indigenous languages of the Americas and of Asia, including Serrano and Yurok in the United States, Luobohe Miao and Mandarin Chinese in China, and Badaga in India.

In the IPA, an r colored vowel is indicated by a hook diacritic placed to the right of the regular symbol for the vowel. For example, the IPA symbol for schwa is , while the IPA symbol for an r colored schwa is Similarly, the IPA symbol for the open mid central unrounded vowel is , while an r colored open mid central unrounded vowel is This diacritic is the hook of or , symbols constructed by John Samuel Kenyon along with by adding the retroflex hook (right hook) to and Both and were proposed as IPA symbols by the editors of American Speech in 1939 to distinguish it from
The IPA adopted several ways to transcribe r colored vowels in its 1947 chart: the turned r ; the superscript turned r , , , , etc. ; the retroflex hook , , , , etc. ; and added as a variant of in its 1951 chart. In 1976 the retroflex hook was dropped due to insufficient usage. In 1989, at the Kiel Convention, the hook of and was adopted as a diacritic placed on the right side of the vowel symbol for r colored vowels, e. g. Following the convention of alternating and for non rhotic accents, and signify stressed and unstressed, respectively, rather than a difference in phonetic quality. The use of the superscript turned r is still commonly seen.

In Quebec French, the vowel is generally pronounced and the r colored vowels are also pronounced in loan words. For example, the word hamburger can be pronounced , the word soccer can be pronounced etc.

In the 1930s the Dravidian language Badaga had two degrees of rhoticity among all five of its vowels, but few speakers maintain the distinction today, and then only in one or two vowels. An example is non rhotic "mouth", slightly rhotacized ("half retroflexed") "bangle", and fully rhotacized ("fully retroflexed") "crop". The Algic language Yurok illustrated rhotic vowel harmony. The non high vowels , and could become in a word that has For example, the root 'three' became in the word 'three (animals or birds)'. Luobohe Miao also contains .