Еуропалық португал тілінің диалектілері

Dialect of the Portuguese language

European Portuguese (português europeu, puɾtuˈɣez ewɾuˈpew), also known as Portuguese of Portugal (português de Portugal), Iberian Portuguese (português ibérico), and Peninsular Portuguese (português peninsular), refers to the dialects of the Portuguese language spoken in Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and Guinea Bissau. The word "European" was chosen to avoid the clash of "Portuguese Portuguese" ("português português") as opposed to Brazilian Portuguese. Portuguese is a pluricentric language; it is the same language with several interacting codified standard forms in many countries. Portuguese is a Romance language with Celtic, Germanic, Greek, and Arabic influence. It was spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before as Galician Portuguese. With the formation of Portugal as a country in the 12th century, the language evolved into Portuguese. In the Spanish province of Galicia to the north of Portugal, the native language is Galician. Both Portuguese and Galician are very similar and natives can understand each other as they share the same recent common ancestor. Portuguese and Spanish are different languages, although they share 89% of their lexicon. European Portuguese is notable among Romance languages in that it is stress timed, rather than syllable timed; in this respect it differs even from Brazilian Portuguese.

European Portuguese possesses a near close near back unrounded vowel. It occurs in unstressed syllables such as in pegar ('to grip'). Traditionally, it is pronounced when "e" is unstressed; e. g. verdade , perigo However, if "e" is initial, then it is pronounced ; e. g. energia , exemplo When "e" is adjacent to another vowel, it becomes ; e. g. real However, notice that when the e caduc is preceded by a semi vowel, it may become poesia , quietude For the most part, unstressed "i" is not lowered to However, when it is adjacent to a palatal consonant, , or to in the preceding/following syllable, it usually does become E. g. ministro , príncipe , artilhar , caminhar , pistola , pijama The Portuguese e caduc may be elided, becoming in some instances a syllabic consonant; e. g. verdade , perigo , energia, , ministro , príncipe , artilhar , caminhar , pistola
There are very few minimal pairs for this sound: some examples include pregar ('to nail') vs. pregar ('to preach'; the latter stemming from earlier preegar < Latin praedicāre), sê ('be!') vs. sé ('see/cathedral') vs. se ('if'), and pêlo ('hair') vs. pélo ('I peel off') vs. pelo ('for the'), after orthographic changes, all these three words are now spelled pelo.

European Portuguese is divided into Northern and Southern varieties. The prestige norms are based on two varieties: that of Coimbra and that of Lisbon. Phonetically, differences emerge within Continental Portuguese. For example, in northern Portugal, the phonemes and are less differentiated than in the rest of the Portuguese speaking world (similar to the other languages of the Iberian peninsula). Also, the original alveolar trill remains common in many northern dialects (especially in rural areas), like Transmontano, Portuense, Minhoto, and much of Beirão. Another regionalism can be found in the south and the islands with the use of the gerund in the present progressive tense rather than the infinitive. Portuguese is spoken by a significant minority in Andorra and Luxembourg. There are also immigrant communities in France and Germany.

The Galician language, spoken in the Autonomous Community of Galicia in Spain, is very closely related to Portuguese. There is, as yet, no consensus among writers and linguists on whether Galician and Portuguese are still the same language (in fact they were for many centuries, Galician Portuguese having developed in the region of the former Roman province of Gallaecia, from the Vulgar Latin that had been introduced by Roman soldiers, colonists and magistrates during the time of the Roman Empire) or distinct yet closely related languages. Galicia has expressed interest in joining the CPLP as an associate observer pending permission from the Spanish government.

The Instituto Camões is a Portuguese international institution dedicated to the worldwide promotion of the Portuguese language, Portuguese culture, and international aid, on behalf of the Government of Portugal. RTP is the Portuguese public television network and also serves as a vehicle for European Portuguese providing media content throughout the world. There is a branch of RTP Internacional named RTP África, which serves Lusophone Africa. In estimating the size of the speech community for European Portuguese, one must take into account the consequences of the Portuguese diaspora: immigrant communities located throughout the world in the Americas, Australia, Europe and Africa.