Раввин Йонатан бен Уззиэль: Өмірбаяны мен еңбектері

1st century Judean Talmudic rabbi

Jonathan ben Uzziel was one of the 80 tannaim who studied under Hillel the Elder during the time of Roman ruled Judea. A book of kabbalah known as Sefer Migdanim has been attributed to him. Jonathan ben Uzziel is mentioned several times in the Talmud. Jonathan rendered an Aramaic translation (targum) of the Major and Minor Prophets which still survives today. When he wished to procure a translation of the Ketuvim, a Divine voice (Hebrew: bat ḳol) was heard telling him that what he had done was sufficient for humanity.

Little is known about Jonathan ben Uzziel's early upbringing, except that he was one of Hillel the Elder's most outstanding pupils.

According to the Jerusalem Talmud, Jonathan was born into a wealthy family. At one point in Jonathan's life, his father made a vow that his son, Jonathan, would not be entitled to any of his fortune (disinherit). Instead, his father wrote in his will and testament that Shammai would be the recipient of his estate and money, conveyed to him as a gift. When this money came into the hands of Shammai, who was not willing to see Jonathan taken advantage of and deprived of his father's earnings, Shammai resolved to sell part of the inheritance, and to dedicate unto the Temple another part of the inheritance, while the remainder he gave as a gift to Jonathan ben Uzziel. Zev Vilnai offers two theories for this custom: (a) The practice developed from the Pseudo Jonathan translation of the Bible on Deuteronomy 24:6, where he writes that anyone who prevents the connection between a husband and wife forfeits his portion in the world to come; (b) The practice is based on a mistaken reading of Rashi who writes in reference to a place called Harpania (Aramaic: הרפניא) "Everyone goes there: all ineligible men (pesulim) who cannot find a woman turn and go there. And it is deeper (Amuka) and worse than Gehinnom." The words "and it is deeper (Amuka)" are the headwords to Rashi's next comment, and do not relate to his preceding comment about men going to Harpania to look for women. However, the mistaken reading connects Rashi's words to the community named Amuka. It is also widely believed that Jonathan ben Uzziel was single or childless, so men in similar situations seek to benefit from his special powers, but nowhere in the writings of Chazal is this stated.