Баттенберг қаласы: тарихы мен географиясы

Battenberg is a small town in the district of Waldeck Frankenberg in the state of Hesse, Germany. It is located on the river Eder, a tributary of the Fulda, which flows into the Weser, and lies at the southeastern edges of the Rothaar Mountains. The closest larger cities are Marburg, Siegen, and Kassel, and the town is approximately equally far away from Frankfurt am Main, Cologne, and Dortmund. In 1624, Battenberg was incorporated into the Landgraviate of Hesse Darmstadt (since 1806 the Grand Duchy of Hesse) as part of the so called Hessian Hinterland, an almost exclave, which was connected to Upper Hesse (de) only through a tiny corridor west of Gießen. The "Hinterland" was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866, and merged with the territories of the former Duchy of Nassau, to form the Province of Hesse Nassau in 1868. From 1918 on, the town lay in the Free State of Prussia, and since 1945, it is in the federal state of Hesse. Battenberg is the origin of the medieval House of Battenberg (de), which was not related to the House of Hesse and ruled over the County of Battenberg (de) until it died out in 1310, and of the Battenberg family (in German called the "Haus Battenberg" = "House of Battenberg"), a morganatic branch of the Hesse Darmstadt branch of the House of Hesse, which ruled over, among others, the Landgraviate of Hesse Darmstadt (later the Grand Duchy of Hesse) until 1918, and the Landgraviate of Hesse Kassel (later the Electorate of Hesse) until its annexation by Prussia in 1866. The literal translation of Battenberg, "Mountbatten" (Berg = mountain), is used by members of the British royal family. The Battenberg cake and hence also the Battenburg markings both indirectly derive their name from the town.

The centre of Battenberg lies in the Ederbergland, or Eder Highland, to which the Burgwald abutting the town to the east also belongs, on the southern edge of the Sauerland and the Rothaargebirge. Lying between 320 and 650 m above sea level, the town is also crossed by the river Eder.

Battenberg borders in the north on the community of Bromskirchen, in the northeast on the community of Allendorf, in the southeast on the community of Burgwald (all three in Waldeck Frankenberg), in the south on the community of Münchhausen am Christenberg (Marburg Biedenkopf), and in the west on the towns of Hatzfeld (Waldeck Frankenberg) and Bad Berleburg (Siegen Wittgenstein in North Rhine Westphalia).

In 778 fighting took place near Laisa and Battenfeld as part of Charlemagne's Saxon Wars. A branch of the Wittgenstein noble family began calling themselves the "Counts of Battenberg" in 1214 – compare Sayn Wittgenstein. In 1232, Battenberg had its first documentary mention, and two years later it was granted town rights. The early Gothic church dates from 1249. In 1297, the town's ownership was transferred to the Archbishops of Mainz. In 1464, the Amt of Battenberg passed to Hesse. In 1932, Battenberg became part of the Frankenberg/Eder district. As part of municipal reform in 1974, the districts of Frankenberg (including Battenberg) and Waldeck united to form the district of Waldeck Frankenberg. The dynasty of the counts of Battenberg ceased to exist in 1314, their castle was demolished throughout the following centuries. When Prince Alexander von Hessen Darmstadt, the brother of the grand duke of Hesse, married Julia von Hauke, the orphaned daughter of the former Deputy Minister of War of Congress Poland, their liaison was not considered befitting of his rank. Therefore her brother in law made her countess of Battenberg in 1851 and princess of Battenberg in 1858. With her husband, who agreed to carry the same title and name, she lived near Seeheim Jugenheim at "Schloss Heiligenberg", a re modelled manor. Her sons Ludwig Alexander and Heinrich Moritz both served the British empire, their families anglicized their name to Mountbatten (Berg means "mountain, hill" in German) in 1917.

Battenberg's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: Per pale sable and argent. The tinctures come from the arms borne by the town's old overlords, the Counts of Battenberg(a branch of the Counts of Wittgenstein). Battenberg's arms have their roots in the 13th century, putting them among Hesse's oldest municipal coats of arms. Various other charges have appeared in the arms over the centuries, however. Sometimes it was a tower, the Count of Battenberg and the Archbishop of Mainz, the Archbishop by himself, or the Wheel of Mainz. One version even showed the same simple composition seen here, but with gules (red) instead of sable (black). This would have made the arms identical to those currently borne by Buchloe in Bavaria.

In 1954, Battenberg "adopted" Sudeten Germans who had been driven out of the community of Obergeorgenthal (Horní Jiřetín) in the Brüx district.