Эдомдықтардың ұлттық құдайы – Қос

National god of the Edomites
Qos (Edomite: 𐤒𐤅𐤎 Qāws, later Qôs; Hebrew: קוֹס Qōs) also Qaus ( Qa uš), or Koze (Greek: Kωζαι Kōzai) was the national god of the Edomites. He was the Idumean structural parallel to Yahweh. The name occurs only twice in the Old Testament (if a possible allusion in an otherwise corrupted text in the Book of Proverbs is excluded) in the Book of Ezra and Nehemiah as an element in a personal name, Barqos ("son of Qos"), referring to the 'father' of a family or clan of perhaps Edomite/Idumaean nəṯīnīm or temple helpers returning from the Babylonian exile. The name Qōs itself may mean bow. Qōs became identified with Quzah, "the archer" in the north Arabian pantheon, worshiped both as a mountain and a weather god. The similarity of the name would have permitted an assimilation of Qōs to the Arabian god of the rainbow, qaws quzaḥ.—and the former then overlaid the latter and assumed supremacy there when the Idumeans lost their autonomy under Persian rule, perhaps compensating for the destruction of national independence, a mechanism similar to that of the strengthening of Yahweh worship after the fall of the Jewish kingdom. Costobarus I, whose name meant "Qōs is mighty" After Herod had placed him in command over (στρατηγὀς) Idumea, Costobarus, supported by Cleopatra, eventually tried to prise the kingdom from Herod's Judea. In order to garner local support for his defection, he revived the old cult of Qōs, perhaps to get Idumea's rural population, still attached to its traditional gods, to back him. The name recurs in the Nabataean language in an inscription at Khirbet et Tannur, where he is syncretized with the deity Dushara, who is represented flanked by bulls, seated on a throne while wielding in his left hand a multi pronged thunderbolt, suggestive of a function as a weather god. He is also on an altar in Idumean Mamre. including the names of the Edomite kings Qōs malaku, a tributary of Tiglath Pileser III and Qōs gabar a tributary of Esarhaddon.

Unlike the chief god of the Ammonites (Milcom) and the Moabites (Chemosh), the Tanakh refrains from explicitly naming the Edomite Qōs. The omission may be explained, according to some scholars, by assuming there were close similarities between Yahweh and Qōs, which would have made rejection of the latter difficult. A poetic refrain in Judges in the Hebrew Bible states that Yahweh embarked from Se'ir in the region of Edom. Recently, the view has been advanced that Yahweh was originally a Kenite god whose cult spread north of Midian to the Israelites. According to this approach, Qōs might possibly have been a title for Yahweh, rather than a name. A further point connecting Yahweh with Qōs, aside from their common origin in that territory, is that the Edomite cult of the latter shared characteristics of the former. Thus, we find that Doeg the Edomite has no problem in worshiping Yahweh, he is shown to be at home in Jewish sanctuaries. Circumcision, an essential Jewish rite, was practiced in Edom. Oded Balaban and Ernst Axel Knauf have claimed that certain names found on Ramesside topographical lists are theophoric and contain references to Qos, which if true would put the deity's earliest attestation more than 600 years before Yahweh's.